Current issue

• 2014 Vol.30 No.21 Published:25 July 2014

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  The Progress of Histone Deacetylase and Its Regulation 2014, 30 (21):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0697 Abstract + ( 1029 )   Histone deacetylation played an important role in epigenetic, and histone deacetylase, which acted in concert with histone acetyltransferase, was a target to develop new medicine of tumor inhibitor. This paper reviewed recent findings of histone deacetylase in animal and yeast, and analyzed their homology of amino acid sequence and conserved domains with Arabidopsis thaliana, summarized their function of regulation, aimed to predict its function in plant development. It is concluded that, from its response to hormone stimulation and abiotic stress, HDACs widely participates in plants’development. The function of Plant’s HDACs may differ from animal and yeast because of their different conserved domains distribution in protein sequences. Although HDACs’function in Non-histone acetylation is still unknown, Non-histone acetylation actually exists.

  The Research Advances on Weedy Rice 2014, 30 (21):  9-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3417 Abstract + ( 1115 )   PDF ( 513214KB )   ( 443 ) Weedy rice is a kind of plant self- generated in rice field with weedy character and influenced common rice production greatly. But the weedy rice has been living in natural conditions for long and suffered from all adverse environments, so it would have good ability to adapt to environments and many elite trait genes. In order to further understand and utilize this kind of plant, in this paper, the research advances on weedy rice were summarized in characters, classification, origin, distribution, control of damage, and the elite genes exploitation, and suggested that there were great significances to strengthen research on gene exploitation of weedy rice.

  Recent Progress of Formation of Spike Characteristics in Different Spike Cultivars of Wheat 2014, 30 (21):  14-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3278 Abstract + ( 1093 )   PDF ( 502940KB )   ( 462 ) Tillering, which affects the number of panicle and grain production, is a key factor for the quality and quantity of population in high-yield cultivation. In order to research the characteristics and mechanism of tillering and earring of different spike cultivars and then increase the grain yield of wheat, this article summarized the researching progresses with reference to genetic factors, group of environmental factors, endogenous hormones and other aspects, and pointed out that the future research should focus on the relationship between various factors and mechanism which influences tillering. By studying the relationship among content of hormone, hormones balance, gene expression and regulation, and wheat tillering, this article provided a theoretical basis for research on wheat high- yield cultivation.

  Research Advances on Salt Tolerance Identification of Peanut 2014, 30 (21):  19-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0079 Abstract + ( 698 )   PDF ( 540891KB )   ( 554 ) In order to make further clarifications of salt tolerance indexes of peanut and improve screening efficiency of salt-tolerant germplasm, thus facilitate the development of new salt-tolerant peanut varieties, the author summarized the research progress of salt tolerance of peanut from three aspects: (1) the impact of salt stress on plant growth and physiological and biochemical indexes; (2) the identification methods and evaluation indexes in salt tolerance; (3) the screening of excellent salt-tolerant germplasm. By pointing out that current identification indexes and evaluation methods used in determining the salt tolerance of peanut were not comprehensive or accurate enough, in this paper, we proposed feasible suggestions regarding aforementioned limitations for the future research, and stated the importance of the establishment of salt tolerance evaluation system. In consideration of wide field adaptability of selected germplasm, resistances to both salt and alkali were also included in this paper for its respective importance.

  Advances of Soil Organic Nitrogen Forms and Testing Methods 2014, 30 (21):  24-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3296 Abstract + ( 805 )   PDF ( 534585KB )   ( 908 ) Organic nitrogen is the main existing form of soil nitrogen, which is an important hub of nitrogen cycle. Studying the form of organic nitrogen components is the focal point in the soil nitrogen fertility. Arsenicals have been shown that plants can directly absorb soluble organic nitrogen from the soil, especially small molecular amino acids. But some components are still undiscovered. The technology of using synchrotron soft X-ray source absorption near-edge structure is the advanced technology both at home and abroad. This paper reviewed the plant organic nitrogen nutrition, chemical constitution of soil organic nitrogen and its existence, the relationship between soils fertility and the content of organic nitrogen under different fertilization treatments and 4 methods for determination of soil organic nitrogen to provide theory basic for organic nitrogen acquisition in plants.

  The Effect of the Stability of Soil Organic Carbon 2014, 30 (21):  29-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3238 Abstract + ( 853 )   PDF ( 462497KB )   ( 1091 ) Soil organic carbon is the core component of the soil, the carbon cycle is very important. Stability of soil organic carbon not only affects plant growth status, but also influences ecological environment. Through to the domestic and foreign components of soil active organic carbon, understanding and studying on the stability of soil aggregates, soil. The author reviewed the factors affecting soil organic carbon stable, provided a reference for the study of the stability of organic carbon.

  Research Evolvement on Mechanized Soil Compaction and Sugar Beet Growth 2014, 30 (21):  35-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3212 Abstract + ( 707 )   PDF ( 496237KB )   ( 481 ) Soil compaction was due to soil structure damage resulting in soil degradation caused by mechanized operation, which has become one of the obstacles restricting factors for agricultural sustainable development. The paper expounded that soil compaction influenced on soil bulk density, hardness, porosity, surface water infiltration, soil moisture content and other characteristics in internal and external nation, and it also analyzed that soil compaction caused resistance and fuel consumption increase by agricultural mechanization operation, as well as adverse effects on sugar beet growth to reduce its yield and sugar content. In promoting the development of mechanization for sugar beet production, the negative effects of soil compaction should be seriously considered, and effective measures such as controlled traffic and joint operations etc. should be taken to improve the situation of soil compaction in order to ensure sustainable production of sugar beet.

  The Research Status on the Interaction Mechanism Between Plants and Fusarium oxysporum 2014, 30 (21):  40-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3390 Abstract + ( 889 )   PDF ( 602644KB )   ( 754 ) In order to reveal the interaction mechanism between plant and Fusarium oxysporum, the pathogenic mechanism of Fusarium oxysporum, disease resistance mechanism of plants, and the interaction mechanism between Fusarium oxysporum and plants was summarized systematically in this paper. We think that the plants and Fusarium oxysporum interact mainly through the three levels of small RNA, gene, protein and compound. And the methods such as genomics, proteomics, and small RNA analysis will be used to research the interaction mechanism between plants and Fusarium oxysporum in the future.

  Progression of Seed-associated Microorganism 2014, 30 (21):  47-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3413 Abstract + ( 912 )   PDF ( 511335KB )   ( 568 ) Seed-associated microorganism was a general term for a variety of microbes from the external, internal of the seed and between seed, which was also an important factor for the seed vigor. In order to control and use seed-associated microorganisms, in this paper, through consulting the literature materials, research progress and the present existed problems in the main group and source, universality and diversity, research method, the relationship between seed-associated microorganisms and seed vigor were summarized and several future research directions in the area were suggested.

  Study on the Residue of 30% Difenoconazole·Propiconazole EC on Wheat 2014, 30 (21):  52-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2824 Abstract + ( 1575 )   PDF ( 598409KB )   ( 710 ) 30% difenoconazole·propiconazole EC is one of the important fungicides for the control of sharp eye spot of wheat in China. In order to determine the residue and the degradation of 30% difenoconazole·propiconazole EC in wheat seeds, wheat plants and soil, field trials were conducted and the related samples were collected after the fungicide spraying and the residues of difenoconazole and propiconazole was detected through GC-ECD. The detection results showed that in 2011, the residues of difenoconazole in soil and wheat plants were 0.1033 mg/kg and 4.0498 mg/kg, with the half life (T1/2) of 15.5 days and 8.6 days, respectively; the residues of propiconazole in soil and wheat plants were 0.0940 mg/kg and 2.0329 mg/kg, with the half life of 23.9 days and 6.8 days, respectively. And in 2012, the residues of difenoconazole in soil and wheat plants were 0.0910 g/kg and 4.0498 mg/kg, with the half life of 13.0 days and 8.6 days, respectively; the residues of propiconazole in the soil and wheat plants were 0.0723 mg/kg and 2.3507 mg/kg, with the half life of 22.1 days and 6.5 days, respectively. The results of the final residue experiments showed that the final residues of difenoconazole in wheat plants, wheat seeds and soil were 0.0730-2.0880 mg/kg,＜0.01-0.0363 mg/kg and＜0.01-0.3649 mg/kg, respectively, and the final residues of propiconazole in wheat plants, wheat seeds and soil were 0.0461- 1.6396 mg/kg,＜0.005- 0.0307 mg/kg and＜0.005- 0.1036 mg/kg, respectively. The 30% difenoconazole·propiconazole EC can be applied to wheat 3 to 4 times with the maxmium dosage of 135 a.i. g/ hm2 and 35 days of recovery interval.

  The Effect of Leaf-cutting and Spikelet-thinning on the Starch RVA Profile Characteristics of the Japonica Rice‘Ningjing 1’and‘Zhendao 88’ 2014, 30 (21):  59-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3105 Abstract + ( 708 )   PDF ( 1133410KB )   ( 364 ) To determine the effects of dynamic changes of the Source-Sink on the RVA profile characteristics of starch, different leaf-cutting and spikelet-thinning treatments were conducted to investigate the relationship between Source-Sink and RAV properties. Japonica rice varieties‘Ningjing 1’and‘Zhendao 88’were used in this study. Leaf-cutting and spikelet-thinning treatments were conducted at the rice flowering stage in order to obtain the regulated leaf areas of single stem and differentiated numbers of spikelets per panicle. Effects of leaf- cutting and spikelet- thinning on the starch RVA profile characteristics were evaluated. The results indicated that as the number of the cut leaves increasing, the leaf-spikelet ratio decreased and Pkv, Hpv and cpv were significantly reduced. Furthermore, spikelet-thinning induces the increased leaf-spikelet ratio and the significant increases of Pkv, Hpv and cpv. Pkv, Hpv and cpv were changed rapidly within a certain range of the leaf-spikelet ratio (＜3.0 cm2/spikelet) and no significant changes were observed when the leaf-spikelet ratios were greater than 3.0 cm2/spikelet. Leaf-cutting and spikelet-thinning could significantly affect the RVA profile characteristics and 3.0 cm2/spikelet could be considered as the critical leaf- spikelet ratio that could affect the RVA profile characteristics. This result would provide a basis for breeding and cultivation of high-quality japonica rice.

  Research on Natural Compensation Ability for Empty Hills in Paddy Field for Mechanical Transplanting Rice 2014, 30 (21):  70-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3103 Abstract + ( 644 )   PDF ( 548339KB )   ( 355 ) In order to increase the yield for mechanical transplanting rice and economic efficiency, field experiment of simulating empty hills was conducted to investigate the effects of empty hills on grain yield in rice. The results showed that rice yield decreased with the increase of missing plants rate, grain yield losses varied from 2.5% to 6.3%, and yield decrease reached significant level when empty hill percentage was above 10% under five empty hill levels including 0% (CK), 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The tillering ability of plants around missing plants enhanced and the decline of percentage of productive tillers was not obvious, increasing the effective panicles and yield of single hill, which could compensate for partial losses of grain yield but not all the losses were brought by missing plants. Meanwhile, total number of grains per panicle, number of filled grain, and 1000-grain weight reduced with increasing of missing plant rates accordingly. Therefore, the rate of empty hills of mechanical transplanting rice would be controlled under 5% and artificial filling the vacancy due to lack of plants in the field should be appropriately adopted to achieve the goal of increasing yield and efficiency when the rate of empty hills was more than 10%.

  Germination Characteristics of Hybrid Rice Seeds Under Salt Stress and Their Evaluation of Salt-Tolerance 2014, 30 (21):  75-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3277 Abstract + ( 1015 )   PDF ( 545282KB )   ( 468 ) The aim of the study were to explore response of different hybrid rice seeds to salt stress, screen hybrid rice combinations suitable for growing in saline soils. Thirty seeds of each of 8 hybrid rice combinations were treated with 0, 4, 8 and 12 g/L NaCl and incubated in Petri dishes for 7 days. Germination rate of hybrid seeds were counted in 4 and 7 days after germination, and bud length, main-root length, number of roots were investigated after 7 days. Salt tolerance (ST) of these combinations was evaluated by the relative damage rate. The results showed that germination rate, bud length, main-root length, number of roots were decreased along with increase of salt concentration．The germination rate was obviously inhibited by high concentration of salt solution (12 g/L), and the germination rate, bud length, main-root length, number of roots were decreased by 35.8%, 57.6%, 76.1% and 83.8%, respectively. However, the four characters didn’t show obvious decrease under lower salt concentration (4, 8 g/L), and inversely they showed increase in some combinations. Salt stress had greater influence on number of roots than bud length and main- root length, in which number of roots decreased more rapidly along with rising of salt concentration.‘Gui-yuan-you 500’,‘II-you 1040’,‘II-you 1050’and‘Yong-you 12’were screened out as salt tolerance hybrid combinations with tolerant score of 1, 1, 3 and 3, respectively. The concentration of salt solution (12 g/L) was suitable to screen ST for hybrid seeds at germination stage, and the relative damage rate was recommended as an appropriate index for evaluation of ST.

  The Effect of Different Sowing Date and Rate on Yield and Quality of the Wheat Variety‘Jiumai2’ 2014, 30 (21):  80-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0101 Abstract + ( 688 )   PDF ( 549648KB )   ( 503 ) To explore the best sowing date and sowing quality of winter wheat in the middle of the guanzhong, new wheat variety‘Jiumai2’in Shaanxi Province was used as materials to studied the effects of different sowing date and sowing quality on the yield and quality based on application of N P K in proportion. This experiment designed with two factors quadratic saturation optimum, set up four levels of sowing and six processing combination, repeated three times and randomly arranged. The results revealed that suitable sowing date of‘Jiumai2’in central guangzhong was from October 11 to October 19, when its yield was 7500-8250 kg/ hm2, its suitable sowing rate was 2.17×106/hm2 to 2.95×106/hm2. When sowed in October 17, sowing rate was 2.45×106/hm2, the yield of‘Jiumai2’could increase to 8512.5 kg/hm2. Different sowing date and rate also had a certain influence on the quality of‘Jiumai2’. When sowed in October 22, sowing rate of 1.8×106/hm2, the grain’s quality of Jiumai was better: the sedimentation value was up to 39.23 mL, protein content was up to 14.34%; wet gluten content was up to 31.01%, stability time was 9.35min and extension area was 57.96 cm2. Therefore, suitable date and rate of sowing was beneficial to improve the yield of‘Jiumai2’, and suitable late sowing was beneficial to improve the quality, suitable late time and properly increased density was beneficial to both wheat yield and quality levels.

  Influence of the Maximum Frozen Soil Depth on the Growth Period of Spring Wheat in Winter in the Most North of Xinjiang: Altay City 2014, 30 (21):  85-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3224 Abstract + ( 664 )   PDF ( 493291KB )   ( 481 ) Using the data of the maximum frozen soil depth in Altay City, the author analyzed the annual and monthly variability of the maximum frozen soil depth in winter, and the impact of the frozen soil depth on the growth period of spring wheat. The results showed that: during the 52 years, the trend of the maximum frozen soil depth in winter was decreasing year by year with a decreasing rate of 2.84 cm/10 a ; the annual maximum frozen depth appeared in February and March; the trend of the growth dates of spring wheat was decreasing with a decreasing rate of 3.97 d/10 a; The effects of the maximum depth of frozen soil on growth period (except the whole growth period) were negative (b<0), which meant that the growth periods shift to an earlier date (postponed) with the decreases (increases) of the maximum depth of frozen soil; the effects of the maximum depth of frozen soil on the growth period of spring wheat were positive with a delaying rate of 3.01 d/10 cm.

  Effect of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Foliar Index and Biomass at Different Growth Stages of Summer Maize 2014, 30 (21):  89-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3220 Abstract + ( 707 )   PDF ( 526908KB )   ( 376 ) The leaf area index (LAI) and leaf biomass was studied in the growing period of maize which variety was‘Qingnong 8’in order to investigate the effect of water-fertilizer coupling on the growth of maize. The results showed that the LAI was significantly affected by water-fertilizer coupling, and irrigation was the most important factor then was nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. However, the LAI could decrease by more irrigation and fertilization. The LAI could increase 47.46% by irrigation in N2K2 treatments. Moreover, the highest increase in LAI was 37.75% by nitrogen fertilizer treatment, while the LAI increased 9.62% by potassium fertilizer in W2N2 treatments. There were positive correlations between the root characteristics and the weight of seed, leaf and stalk weight. The correlation coefficient of the weight of seed and root was 0.97. It was important for the theory and practice in improving the water-fertilizer utilization rate and reducing the waste of water resource by suitable water-fertilizer coupling management.

  Trends and Distribution of Drought and Waterlogging in Cotton Major Growth Period in Luxi Plains 2014, 30 (21):  95-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3329 Abstract + ( 721 )   PDF ( 659322KB )   ( 439 ) In order to explore the water supply and demand condition in the main cotton growth period in Luxi Plains, and promote the healthy development of the cotton industry, by the use of GIS technology and statistics and agricultural meteorology methods, the drought and flood index were analyzed, the author took the water demand and natural precipitation from 1961 to 2012 in 8 counties (cities, districts) of Liaocheng for example. It was found that: drought and flood disasters occurred frequently and the frequency was as high as 51.9% during the entire cotton growth period. The frequency of drought and flood occurrence was up to 86.5% from sowing to budding, 80.8% at the budding stage, 79.3% at the blooming stage, and 92.3% at the wadding stage. The frequency of drought was higher in Shenxian, Guanxian and Gaotang, and it was highest in Gaotang; the frequency of flood occurrence was higher in the south-east than in the west, and it was highest in Donge, and was lowest in Shenxian. The main measures to cope with drought and flood were to strengthen infrastructure construction, select stress-resistant varieties, promote water-saving technologies, reasonably use the groundwater resources, scientifically develop the air water resources, and ensure the water supply in the critical cotton growth period.

  Spatial-temporal Analysis of the Water Surplus Deficit Index for the Summer Corn’s Key Period in the Huaihe Basin 2014, 30 (21):  100-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3289 Abstract + ( 598 )   PDF ( 864966KB )   ( 411 ) To analyze the water surplus and deficiency in the summer corns’key period in the Huaihe Basin for providing a reference for authority's decision-making and field management and agricultural production, the characteristic of water surplus and deficit was analyzed by water surplus deficit index based on meteorological data from 121 sites during 1971-2010 in the Huaihe Basin. The results showed that there was an obvious downward trend of water requirement to summer corns’key period, and the descending rate in the south was faster than that in the north, while the rate in plaint was faster than that in mountain area. The annual average water requirement to summer corns’key period showed a clear characteristic that there was an increasing trend from north to south in the zonal space distribution. It was characterized that the precipitation of annual average water requirement in the south and plaint was greater than that in the north and mountain area, while with no significant increase on the precipitation during summer corns’key period. The effective precipitation was in conformity with that in spatial distribution. The average water surplus deficit index of each region showed a water deficit, but the tendency of yearly variation was increasing. The spatial distribution of the annual average water surplus deficit showed an increasing trend from south to north. The water deficit was much serious in the northern plain area.

  Correlation, Principal Component and Grey Relation Analysis of Sweetpotato Roots on Biological Traits 2014, 30 (21):  106-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3079 Abstract + ( 1453 )   The main purpose of the research was to research internal relationship of sweetpotato roots on biological traits, comprehend Regularity of formation and differentiation, and provide theoretical support for standard cultivation and new variety breeding. The combination of hydroponics in greenhouse and investigation in the field were used to research internal relationship of root traits in ten sweetpotato varieties by statistical approach. The morphological trait of seedling roots such as projected area, superficial area, average diameter and volume processed the highest contribution rate and reached 80.56% in 10 days after transplanting (DAT), and the contribution rate of roots average diameter reached up to 27.79% in 20 DAT. There were highly significant positive correlation between total fresh weight per plant root and storage weight of reciprocal 3rd node, and storage weight of reciprocal 2nd node. Significant positive correlation relationship was showed between total fresh weight per plant root and commercial storage numbers. Significant negative correlation relationship was showed between total fresh weight per plant root and storage numbers of reciprocal 2nd node. The relation coefficient between total fresh weight per plant root and storage weight of reciprocal 3rd node was the highest and reached 0.6595. There was significant negative correlation between projected area, superficial area, volume and total fresh weight per plant root in 15 DAT, but there was significant positive correlation between dry weight of seedling roots and total fresh weight per plant root in 25 DAT. The relevancy between dry weight, volume, length, average diameter of seedling roots and total fresh weight per plant root was higher. There were maybe important time node for growth and differentiation of sweetpotato roots in 10 DAT and 20 DAT. The panel length and transplanting depth influenced yield information. The direct relationship existed between biological traits of sweetpotato seedling roots and yield of storage roots after harvested.

  Principles and Application of Cosmic-ray Neutron Method for Measuring Soil Moisture 2014, 30 (21):  113-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3243 Abstract + ( 978 )   Cosmic-ray neutron method characterized by convenience, preciseness and pollution-free, is one of the most advanced methods to quantify soil moisture at the plot scale. It is able to monitor soil moisture fluctuations in an area of a circle of 300 m in radius. So far, the Hydroinnova, LLC of Albuquerque in US is the only company which is carrying on the research and manufacture of cosmic-ray neutron probe. The author introduced theories of cosmic-ray neutron method, as well as the installation and application of cosmic-ray neutron probe at the suburb of Beijing. In addition, relative factors, which might affect the measurement accuracy of the method, were analyzed. Experimental results showed that: the RMSE and R2 of the soil moisture that derived respectively from cosmic-ray neutron method and oven-drying are 0.011 kg/kg and 0.71, however, before the correction of pressure and atmospheric water vapor, the numbers are 0.022 kg/kg and 0.313. It was demonstrated that cosmic-ray neutron method could sense the fluctuation of the underlying surface soil moisture in the source region accurately and sensitively. In the application, it was necessary to correct the temporal changes of pressure an atmospheric water vapor.

  Effects of Application Rates of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Microbial Populations under Red Date and Cotton Intercropping System of Southern Xinjiang arid desert oasis 2014, 30 (21):  118-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3412 Abstract + ( 664 )   PDF ( 794728KB )   ( 432 ) A red date and cotton intercropping system was researched in Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang was for improving the efficiency of nutrient use of agro-forestry-dimensional planting mode, and security sustainable agricultural development and healthy and stable of farmland ecological environment in the oasis. The field experiment was conducted in an attempt to understanding the number of micro-organism of cotton rhizosphere in a soil at various nitrogen application rates in a red date and cotton intercropping system. The different nitrogen rates were 0, 150, 300, 450, 600, and 750 kg/hm2, respectively. The dynamic changes in the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the cotton rhizosphere soil were investigated. The results indicated that microbial populations were significantly increased at nitrogen application rates of 300 and 450 kg/hm2 nitrogen levels during flowering and boll opening period. The numbers of bacteria and actinomycetes were higher during flowering and boll opening period, followed by booting stage, the least number was found before anthesis. The numbers of fungi were slightly changed during the entire growing season. The numbers of microorganisms would be increased in rhizosphere soil red date and cotton intercropping of optimum nitrogen rate in cotton boll stage. It would be effective regulated the microbial flora in soil.

  Effects of PEG and Drought Stress on Physical and Chemical Properties in Three Species Fiber Flax Seedlings 2014, 30 (21):  124-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0067 Abstract + ( 587 )   PDF ( 760576KB )   ( 324 ) The aim was to lay the preliminary foundation for screen drought stress of fiber flax. Flax seeds of 'Tianxin No. 3', YOI303, ' Shuangya No. 5' germination test under PEG stress were engaged by dish filter paper method. Seedlings were obtained after germinated seeds potted. To explore the physical and chemical responses on seedlings to drought stress, seedlings were potted water control experiment. The results showed that the height, root length, chlorophyll content of three species fiber flax seedlings appeared downward trend with increased drought stress, the proline content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, CAT activity showed an overall upward trend, but the variation range were different from different species. According to the comprehensive evaluation on drought tolerance, seedlings of YOI303 species was the best, seedlings of 'Tianxin No. 3' and 'Shuangya No. 5' were the second.

  Effect of Tillage and Varieties of Lodging Resistance and High Yield of Winter Flax in Paddyfield of Dongting Lake 2014, 30 (21):  129-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3234 Abstract + ( 830 )   PDF ( 597948KB )   ( 413 ) To explore the ecological adaptability of different varieties of flax in the southern, improve flax production, quality and economic benefit, this study did relevance analysis and cluster analysis on original stem yield, seed yield, lodging rate and about eight related properties of seven flax and two farming methods. The results showed that the original stem yield of no- till treatment compared to rotary tillage increased by 9.45% and seed production by 0.37% , the yield of‘jin ya 10’was the highest, the original stem yield up 5285.98 kg/hm2 and seed yield reached 402.7 kg/hm2,‘lun xuan 2’production ranked the second, the original stem yield and seed yield were 5225.95 kg/hm2 and 375.19 kg/hm2,‘Jin ya 10’and‘Lun xuan 2’had a strong ability of lodging resistance, 5 level of lodging rate was 0. Thus, Dongting Lake could choose the resistant variety was stronger‘Jin ya 10’and‘Lun xuan 2’, and the use of no tillage measures could reduce the production cost and improve the economic benefit.

  Study on Phosphate-solubilizing Activity and Suitable Conditions of a Strain of Bacillus mucilaginosus 2014, 30 (21):  136-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3411 Abstract + ( 746 )   PDF ( 681939KB )   ( 446 ) In order to study a strain of Bacillus mucilaginosus’s phosphate-solubilizing activity and its suitable culture conditions for phosphate-solubilizing, Bacillus mucilaginosus was cultured for 7 days in the liquid medium added with lowly soluble calcium phosphate. The content of soluble phosphate in the medium was determined by the means of Molybdenum-Antimony Anti-Spectrophotometric method, and the concentration of cultured cell was measured using dilution plate counting. The effects of carbon source, NaCl concentration, pH value and cell concentration on phosphate-solubilizing activity were analyzed. The results showed that, the phosphate-solubilizing activity of Bacillus mucilaginosus reached the peak when the medium was supplied with the glucose (as carbon source) and 0.03% NaCl in a pH value of 6.0. However the cell concentration had no significant effects on phosphate-solubilizing activity .

  Yield and Economic Analysis of Fertilizers Application for Rice and Rapeseed in SE Region of China 2014, 30 (21):  141-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3123 Abstract + ( 646 )   PDF ( 479856KB )   ( 454 ) Based on the results from the field experiments, demonstration plots and investigations that supported by IPNI China Program in southeast region of China and the data from the Year Book of Chinese agricultural Statistics during 2001-2010, the authors investigated the changes of rice and rapeseed yields and prices, commercial fertilizer prices and the net benefits of rice and rapeseed planting. The results indicated that the yields of rice and rapeseed increased 9.2%-31%, product prices increased 80%-90.9%, NPK commercial fertilizer prices increased 48.1%-236.8%, while net benefit increased 42%-412.3% respectively within the 10 years. We also estimated the changes of net benefits from rice and rapeseed planting with the changes of products and fertilizer prices, the results showed that product price is the most important factor that affecting crop planting net benefit, while commercial fertilizer price shows much less effect on crop planting net benefit compared with product price. Therefore, the authors suggest that we should pay more attention on rational and scientific fertilization and increase fertilizing efficiency in agriculture, no necessary to too care the fertilizer price in ear future.

  Study on Weeding Techniques of Organic Rice Dry Land Breeding 2014, 30 (21):  145-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3233 Abstract + ( 765 )   PDF ( 579679KB )   ( 751 ) From the viewpoint of ecology, this study explored the effective and economical weeding method in the dry seedling bed under the organic cultivation condition by taking advantage of the biological difference of the rice and weeds. With the Japanese high quality rice variety of‘Koshihikari’as material, the field experiment was done with a ramdomized block design and three replications in 2012, and then the comparative production experiment was followed in 2013. Comparing with the control, the relative rate of weeding in 2012 was T4 (93.6% )＞T2 (89.6% )＞T1 (87.0% )＞T3 (21.1% ); the ratio of yield increase was: T4 (11.0% )＞T2 (10.0%)＞T1 (7.6%)＞T3 (1.0%); the revenue increase was: T2 (4485.0 yuan/hm2)＞T4 (4218.0 yuan/hm2)＞T1 (3534.0 yuan/hm2)＞T3 (330.0 yuan/hm2). The experimental result of 2013 comparing with the control was following: the relative rate of weeding of T2=88.7%, the ratio of yield increase of T2=7.9%; the revenue increase of T2=2562.0 yuan/hm2. The result of two years’experiments showed weeding with the method of T2 markedly increased the yield and the revenue. So it didn’t need induct weeds and then destroy them before sowing but sowing the selected dry rice seeds directly and backing the surface soil in time after sowing. This method (i.e:dry seed and backing soil) was an effective and economical way for weeding in dry seedling bed under the organic cultivation condition.

  The Performance of Yield and Growth Characteristics in Different Fertilizer Levels and Different Transplanting Densities of Super Mechanical Transplanting Rice 2014, 30 (21):  152-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3331 Abstract + ( 1011 )   PDF ( 528151KB )   ( 382 ) The paper aims to study the growth characteristics and yield performance of super rice mechanization planting under different fertilizer levels and different plant density in South China doublecropping rice, and clarify super rice mechanization planting suitable fertilization level and planting density. The experiment of 4 fertilization levels (0, 120, 150, 180 kg/hm2) and 2 mechanized planting density (2.4×105 hills/hm2, 2.85×105 hills/hm2) were investigated with Hemeizhan, a traditional super rice, as the materials at early and late season in 2012. The results showed that: (1) At the same level of fertilization, with transplanting density of 2.85×105 hills/hm2 , the increase of dry matter accumulation, leaf area index(LAI), effective panicle, yield were higher than that with transplanting density of 2.4×105 hills/hm2 and the difference were remarkable. (2)At the same transplanting density, the increasing trend of dry matter accumulation, leaf area index (LAI), effective panicle and yield with fertilizer level increasing were declined in low-middle fertilization level (120-150 kg/hm2), high fertilization level (180 kg/hm2). The treatment of nitrogen fertilizer 120 kg/hm2 obtained the highest agronomic use efficiency (AE) in this experiment. Chlorophyll content (SPAD value) had no obvious regularity. Transplanting density of 2.85×105 hills/hm2 and fertilizer application of 120-150 kg/hm2 were the suitable cultivation program to get high yield in Guangdong double- cropping mechanization painting rice, appropriate transplanting density and rational fertilization level were effective ways to increase production.

  Effect of Potato Integrated Nutrient Management on Freezing Resistance 2014, 30 (21):  158-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3221 Abstract + ( 803 )   PDF ( 1113278KB )   ( 562 ) Potato planting in Inner- Mongolia is threatened by cold injury including late spring coldness and early autumn frost, especially heavy frost in autumn always results in a substantial loss of potato yield. Thus, improve potato’s frost resistance is meaning for the potato industry development in Inner Mongolia. Out of the view of nutrient management, research was on the relationship between mineral elements content of potato leaf and leaf area index and potato plant’s frost resistance here. Result shows that, Both Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and potato leaf area index has a close relationship with frost resistance, of them, the correlation of change of leaf area index under nitrogen treatment and frost damage score is the most significant date, and its coefficient is 0.948, the effect of change of leaf area index on the frost damage score is 1.6, also the highest value among all treatments.

  Effect of Environmental Variation and Fertilization Measures on the Quality Characters of Strong Gluten Wheat Variety 2014, 30 (21):  164-168.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3017 Abstract + ( 1444 )   PDF ( 540007KB )   ( 357 ) This paper aims to analyze the effect of environmental variation and fertilization measures on the quality characters of ‘Zhengmai 366’, and to provide the theoretical evidence for production of strong gluten wheat cultivars with high quality, high yield and high efficiency. Samples were selected from different locations with ecological representative of the production, and plots were settled for experiments of N fertilizer application amount and period, and of N P K fertilizer balance application. The effect of environmental variation and fertilization measures on the quality characters of ‘Zhengmai 366’ was studied. The results showed that the quality of ‘Zhengmai 366’ in different locations and different years was relatively stable, which could be up to or overtake the quality standard of class Ⅱ strong gluten wheat with high baking quality in most regions of Henan Province. The stability time of Farinograph tended to decrease gradually at various locations from north to south and from west to east. The quality of ‘Zhengmai 366’ could be improved by increasing application of nitrogen fertilizer, and the quality of protein could be improved to some extent by staged application of nitrogen fertilizer. When the combined fertilization with N, P, K was 225:120:180, the yield, wet gluten content, wet gluten index, dry gluten content, stability time and softening of ‘Zhengmai 366’ appeared the best. While the strong gluten wheat cultivars are planted in large areas, the yield and quality could be improved simultaneously by combined fertilization with N, P, K. The quality of ‘Zhengmai 366’ was relatively stable. Attention should be paid to the N P K fertilizer balance application to improve yield and quality of strong gluten wheat varieties in large areas of cultivation process.

  Effect of Interaction of Foliar Fertilizer and Pesticide on Wheat Yields and Yields Components on Huang-huai-hai Plain 2014, 30 (21):  169-172.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3080 Abstract + ( 903 )   PDF ( 530416KB )   ( 783 ) Wheat plays an important role in food security, and foliar fertilizer and pesticide can promote wheat production. To analyze the effect of foliar fertilizer, pesticide and interaction on wheat yields, yields components and aphis control, the author conducted 12 treatments, comprised of two kinds of pesticides (imidacloprid and pvrethroids) and five foliar fertilizer (polypeptide, fulvic acid, monopotassium phosphate, Potassium nitrate, and zinc sulfate) in Huang- huai- hai plain. The results showed that under pesticide treatment without foliar fertilizer, wheat yield was only 7846.5 kg/hm2, while combined with foliar fertilizer, such as polypeptide, fulvic acid, monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate, and zinc sulfate, the wheat yield increased significantly at a rate from 0.55% to 6.45%. Under the foliar treatment of polypeptide, fulvic acid, monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate, and zinc sulfate, the wheat yields increased by 1000.5, 265.5, 288.0, 96.0, and 43.5 kg/hm2, respectively. Therefore, the interaction of foliar fertilizer and pesticide could promote wheat production, meanwhile had significant effect on aphis control with the rate of insect resistant more than 80%.

  A Preliminary Study About Farmland Climate Prediction Model in Sichuan 2014, 30 (21):  173-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3109 Abstract + ( 682 )   PDF ( 504148KB )   ( 376 ) In order to resolve the deficiency of micro-climatic observation data in the work of agricultural weather forecast, a case study of Mianyang had been researched. The author used the date of average temperature and land surface temperature from 1981 to 2009, the relationship between them had been analyzed. Based the results, the forecast model that using the temperature as the independent variable had been established by the method of stepwise regression analysis, and the result had been tested .It showed that: most of deviation between predictive value and measured value were less than ±1.0℃, and the average relative error less than 10%. The result showed that forecast model had high precision, and that could be use to prediction of land surface temperature.

  Effect of Fertilizing Level and Planting Densities on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization in Maize 2014, 30 (21):  177-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3311 Abstract + ( 784 )   PDF ( 517859KB )   ( 503 ) Elite maize hybrid Guidan0810 was selected as material, the effect of fertilizing level and planting densities on yield and nitrogen utilization were discussed in the study. In one year two seasons’field experiments, 4 main plots (fertilization levels) and 6 subplots (planting densities) were set in a split plot design. The results suggested that yield had close relationship with fertilization levels and planting densities. Different fertilization levels and planting densities significantly affected yield. With the increase of nitrogen fertilization, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen physiological efficiency were declined. Under the same fertilization level, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen physiological efficiency were a little increase with the increase of planting density, so nitrogen efficiency could be improved by regulating planting density. The results also showed that A2 (including N 225.0 kg/hm2, P2O5 75.0 kg/hm2, K2O 187.5 kg/hm2) matching to B3 (52500 plants/hm2) or B4 (60000 plants/hm2) was a better design, which could obtain higher yield: 8207.8 kg/hm2 and 7913.2 kg/hm2, respectively.

  Study on Design and Application of Spring Maize Regional Special Compound Fertilizer 2014, 30 (21):  183-188.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3271 Abstract + ( 752 )   PDF ( 606608KB )   ( 495 ) To get higher yield and high efficient utilization of farmland nutrients, spring maize special compound fertilizer prescriptions were studied and the special compound fertilizers experiments were carried out in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province. Based on the datum of soil testing and fertilizer project, spring maize special compound fertilizer prescription was designed by scientific nutrient management technologies. The special compound fertilizer prescriptions of two areas were 16-19-10 and 20-12-8, respectively. In order to evaluate the special fertilize, five field trials were conducted. The result showed that the fertilizers could significantly improve maize yield compared with farmers practice. Maize yield increased 16.02% with designed fertilizer (16- 19- 10) and the other one (20- 12- 8) increased 10.01% in comparison with farmers practice. Further, the special compound fertilizer treatment also could increase grain number per spike and 100-seed weight of maize, but reduce barren ear tip length. Meanwhile, nitrogen use efficiency, agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity were remarkably improved by the designed fertilizers treatment. Nitrogen use efficiency of two areas was 30.23% and 28.85%, respectively, which were higher than farmers practice. Nitrogen partial factor productivity was increased by 45.02% and 30.58%.

  Analysis on Production Structure Effect of A High α-linolenic Acid Oil Flax Variety‘Baxuan3’ 2014, 30 (21):  189-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2980 Abstract + ( 813 )   PDF ( 487912KB )   ( 581 ) To improve the yield of‘Ba-xuan 3’, the paper based on test data, using the correlation analysis, regression analysis and path analysis principle to analyze the key factor affecting production in four, including plants number per unit area, capsules per plant, fruits number and 1000-grain weight. The results showed that the between 1000-grain weight and yield were the highest, reached extremely significant level of 0.6549, the direct path coefficient was 0.466987, followed by correlation coefficient between capsules per plant and yield, which was 0.42873, also reached significant level, and the direct path coefficient was 0.479035. The correlation did not reach significant level between plants number per unit area, fruits number and yield, the direct path coefficient were 0.38956 and - 0.14038. To improve yield of‘Baxuan 3’, we should formulate cultivation technique measures around 1000- grain weight and capsules per plant. We proposed concrete technical scheme of water control, prevention and control of powdery mildew, prevent lodging, timely early harvest.

  Relationships Between Soil Moisture and Precipitation and Study on Assessment Techniques of Resist Droughts 2014, 30 (21):  193-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3113 Abstract + ( 882 )   PDF ( 790419KB )   ( 550 ) In order to rationally develop and utilize the water resources, improve the utilization efficiency of water resources in semi-arid, to provide more fine services for modern agriculture development, based on the study of relationships and characteristics between soil moisture and precipitation in Fuxin to identify Fuxin Region variation of soil moisture, and on this basis, the assessment technology of Fuxin farmland drought water were established. The results showed that: (1) after greater rainfall, shallow soil moisture increased rapidly, soil moisture could reached the maximum within a few hours, and a high aquifer was formed about 20 cm; deep soil moisture was relatively growth slowly, soil moisture reached to a maximum in twenty hours; (2) greater precipitation occurred a day after, 10-50cm layer of soil moisture by weight maximum, then in the absence of precipitation soil moisture content reduced slowly, substantially linear, until the arrival of the next strong rainfall, soil moisture to rise again; (3) affected by many factors, after precipitation, the increased rate of each day soil moisture at 10-50 cm layer and under fine weather, the lapse rate of each day soil moisture had its own variation. Among them, the increased rate of each day soil moisture was relatively small increase in moisture in April, July, September was biggest, in August, followed by; April, May daily soil moisture lapse rate minimum, June to September was relatively large, which, in July the largest. Soil moisture lapse rate in drought water demand calculation played an important role; (4) drought water demand was greater than the actual moisture content of the required set weight water content, soil evaporation due to be considered, crop uptake, deep penetration, precipitation runoff water loss; (5) drought water demand assessment methods of the government decision-making meteorological services played an important role, and could be used for natural precipitation analysis for drought mitigation, water-saving irrigation work fine weather services.

  Analysis of Effects of the Controlled-release BB Fertilizer Hybrid Rape in Longyang District 2014, 30 (21):  199-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3178 Abstract + ( 620 )   PDF ( 540712KB )   ( 483 ) To further analyze the high- yielding qualities of hybrid rape under different fertilizer application levels, the experiment was conducted to screen an optimal basic number of fertilization in order to create favorable conditions for high-yielding and provide theoretical basis for large areas of rapeseed production to obtain a high yield.‘Yunyouza 10’, a new hybrid rape cultivar, was selected as materials to study effect of 5 different fertilizer application levels on the yield of hybrid rape under the same management condition from 2011 to 2012 Jinji Town of Longyang District in Baoshan, Yunnan Province. The results showed that plot yields were between 606.66 kg/hm2 and 3222.5 kg/hm2, the output was the highest when using 675 kg/hm2 carbamide, 750 kg/hm2 calcium superphosphate, 300 kg/hm2 potassium sulphate and 22.5 kg/hm2 boron fertilizer in the whole growing period, or 18.5% base fertilizer, 30% seedlings growth fertilizer, 34.3% strong seedling fertilizer and 17.2% peduncle growth fertilizer. In Longyang District and the climate similar hybrid rape high-yielding areas in Yunnan Province, the results might be useful for application in large area. If the controlled-release BB fertilizer nutrition was given out 20 days to 25 days ahead of time and increasing 150 kg/hm2 under 600 kg/hm2 the controlled-release BB fertilizer conditions, the anticipated high efficient results could be attained.

  Advance of Research on biological function of Abscisic acid (ABA) 2014, 30 (21):  205-210.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3163 Abstract + ( 982 )   PDF ( 517729KB )   ( 758 ) Abscisic acid (ABA) is now recognized as one of the five major plant hormones, this article mainly summarized the multiple roles of ABA in plant growth and development, abiotic stress and biotic stress, such as in plant growth and development ABA promoted organ prolapse, seed maturation and dormancy, regulated stomatal, inhibited seed germination, growth and accelerated aging, seed embryo development and flowering; In abiotic stress ABA can promote tolerance, therefore, ABA also known as stress hormones; In biotic stress its role varies according to the types of pathogenic bacteria or the different invasion methods, ABA either played positive role or negative role. Finally, the author made an expectation of the role of ABA in biotic stress, such as the dynamics involved in plant defense, mode of actions and interactions with other hormone signal needed further research.

  Analysis of Genetic Relationship Among 17 Flax Varieties by Using SSR Markers 2014, 30 (21):  211-216.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3110 Abstract + ( 808 )   PDF ( 658958KB )   ( 365 ) The experiment took 90 SSR markers to analyze the genetic relationship among 17 flax cultivars. Although SSR markers have the advantages of high efficiency and specificity, which still got less application on flax currently. In this study, 90 SSR markers that evenly distributed on different flax chromosome were screened for polymorphism analysis. The result showed that clear and stable polymorphic bands were amplified for all of the tested SSR primers. A total of 170 different amplification bands were detected. 17 flax cultivars were divided into 5 groups, among them '9801-1-17' and 'Akata' had the largest genetic distance. The second group and the fifth group had only one species, which were 'A29' and '9801-1-17' respectively. They were far away from other cultivars in genetic relationship. This research showed that SSR technology should be widely utilized on the flax breeding for high accuracy and efficiency. The cultivars with distant genetic relationship can be used for hybridization breeding and further genetic analysis on agronomic traits.

  Analysis on the Heterosis and Combining Ability Among Transgenic Cotton Sterile Lines 2014, 30 (21):  217-223.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3145 Abstract + ( 690 )   PDF ( 485097KB )   ( 305 ) For analysis on the heterosis and combining ability among transgenic cotton sterile lines. The crosses were made by using transgenic BT cotton Sterile Lines, to analysis high paternal heterosis, competitive heterosis and combining ability effects for 9 characters. The results showed that the heterosis for yield properties were obvious. The high parent heterosis of seed cotton yield, with an average 19.44%, and 22 crosses has positive heterosis. The competitive heterosis of the trait, with an average -8.36%, and 16 crosses has positive heterosis. High heterosis of boll number per plant was observed among other yield traits. A1, A4 of the female, B5 of the male were good parents with high generic combining ability for most of characters, while A1×B6 and A3×B3 were good crosses whit high SCA for most of traits.

  Preliminary Study of Screening of Peanut Autotoxicity Degrading Microorganism and the Degradation Effect 2014, 30 (21):  224-227.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3193 Abstract + ( 729 )   PDF ( 534706KB )   ( 453 ) The aim of the study was to effectively suppress harm to peanuts in the condition of peanut cropping autotoxins. By screening the strains, which could degrade peanut autotoxicity benzoic, we investigated the degradation and antagonistic effect. Using the benzoic acid as sole carbon source, the methods of benzoic acid concentration were increased gradually. three degrading strains were screened, the degradation rate of the benzoic acid were 95.32%, 91.63% and 90.15%, the three strains on peanut root secretion from the autotoxicity had a strong degradation effect, while three strains of Fusarium oxysporumthere is a strong antagonistic. The results of pot experiment showed that by the applying of the three strains could effectively alleviate the inhibitory effect of autotoxicities of peanut seedlings, increase yield significantly. The three strains had the double function of detoxification and antibacterial. They could be effectively used for microfertilizer in the agricultural production of crops in the future and improve the soil environment, providing a theoretical basis.

  Preliminary Study on Fermentation of Nemadectin, the Agro-antibiotic Against Parasites 2014, 30 (21):  228-234.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3274 Abstract + ( 761 )   PDF ( 874220KB )   ( 429 ) In order to optimize the fermentation process of nemadectin produced by Streptomyces cyaneogriseus ssp. Noncyanogenus, the fermentation conditions was primarily studied using the method of shaking flask. The effects of some factors, such as time, temperature, dissolved oxygen and inoculation volume, were demonstrated through single factor tests. The results showed that spores of S. cyaneogriseus ssp. noncyanogenus incubated for 8 d were applicable to seed preparation, and then the strain’s working cell bank was established by glycerol tube cryopreservation. But the save time should be no more than 2 months. While the strain in the working cell bank was inoculated into seed medium and then cultured at 28℃ for 28 h, the seed of better quality was obtained. The optimum fermentation condition of shaking flask was that the strain seed culture was inoculated into 50 mL of fermentation medium in the flask of 250 mL with the ratio of 5% and fermented at 25℃ for 8 d with shaking speed of 250 r/min. It indicated that nemadectin yield was up to 164.90 μg/mL.

  An Appropriate Method of Isolating Total RNA from Angelica sinensis for Quantitative RT-PCR 2014, 30 (21):  235-239.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3279 Abstract + ( 1002 )   PDF ( 661136KB )   ( 386 ) In order to effectively eliminate the severe disturbances of the secondary substances, polysaccharides and polyphenolics and obtain a high-quality RNA from the tissues of Angelica sinensis for quantitative RT-PCR, three methods of CTAB, Kits and Trizol reagent were used for isolations of total RNA from the roots, stems and leaves of Angelica sinensis, respectively. The purity and yield of the total RNA isolated were detected by a UV/VIS spectrometer, the integrity of total RNA isolated was analyzed by the nondenaturing agarose gel electrophoresis and the quality of total RNA isolated was validated by the quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that RNAs of the roots, stems and leaves isolated by CTAB method had a better integrity and purity, and the yield of leaves was higher than that of the roots and stems. The total RNAs isolated by Kits method had a good integrity, but there were a lower yield and poorer purity; RNAs of the stems by Trizol reagent could be used for the quantitative RT-PCR, but RNAs of the roots and the leaves were highly polluted, which was ineligible for the subsequent operations. Therefore, CTAB method could be indicated as an economical, reliable and applicable method for isolating total RNA from Angelica sinensis for quantitative RT-PCR. This work established a methodology basis for the research on the molecular biology of Angelica sinensis, and also provided a reference for the total RNA extraction of other medicinal plants.

  Genetic Diversity Analysis of part of the potato varieties in Northeast region by SSR Marker 2014, 30 (21):  240-245.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3307 Abstract + ( 861 )   PDF ( 570307KB )   ( 482 ) For the purpose of part of the potato varieties in Northeast region identification at the molecular level .18 pairs of SSR (Sinple Sequence Repeats) primer markers were employed to analysis of genetic and construction of fingerprinting for 18 potato varieties .The results show: 156 alleles loci were amplified including 146 polymorphic alleles, and the ratio of polymorphism reached 92.4%. Fragment amplification products in 100~800bp.The fingerprinting of 17 potato varieties was constructed by 7 pairs of primers，STM1021、STI051、S170、S7、STI030、STPATP1 and STM2023,All the potato varieties were univocally identified using SSR primer S7. The UPGMA cluster analysis showed that , At the genetic coefficient of 0.63，14 potato varieties were divided into two groups．The cluster analysis result was accordance with the genetic relationships. The genetic diversity of the tested potato was relatively narrow .

  The Progress of Application of DNA Molecular Markers in Genetic Diversity of Glycine soja 2014, 30 (21):  246-250.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3264 Abstract + ( 780 )   PDF ( 545724KB )   ( 740 ) In order to study the genetic diversity of different populations of wild soybean in Shaanxi province, the principles and characteristics of several common DNA molecular markers (RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SSR, ISSR, SNP) were summarized. It described the status of different DNA molecular markers in the study of genetic diversity in wild soybean. The advantages and disadvantages of the different DNA markers on the genetic diversity of wild soybean were analyzed. It raised the prospect of SSR markers and the advantages of the genetic diversity of wild soybean.

  Tobacco Aroma Analysis Review 2014, 30 (21):  251-257.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2918 Abstract + ( 1186 )   PDF ( 599476KB )   ( 893 ) Aroma components are very important in cigarette’s flavor, it is also an important factor to evaluating tobacco products’ quality. The content of aroma components in cigarettes’ perfume are low, there are many types of components and they are very complex. The volatile and semi-volatile aroma components are always obtained by solvent extraction, steam distillation, simultaneous distillation extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, solid phase microextraction, headspace analysis, purge and trap-method and some other methods. This article reviews the above methods and to introduce the application status of the world.

  The Advance of Pectinase Applications 2014, 30 (21):  258-262.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3403 Abstract + ( 863 )   PDF ( 583674KB )   ( 659 ) Pectinase is a heterogeneous group of related enzymes that can hydrolyze the pectic substances and was widely used. In order to know more about the application of pectinase in different industries, and accelerate the development of pectinase industry, the applications of pectinase in the fields of beverage, pectinase extraction of active components, feed and textile were summarized in this paper. Pectinase had a good effect in these fields, and it was expected to have more application and consumption. However, its expensive price was a key restrict factor for large- scale application, and the following aspects should be improved: (1) the screening of excellent pectinase strain should be strengthened to further reduce price of pectinase; (2) the process conditions of pectinase should be optimized to reduce the usage; (3) the regulation mechanism of pectinase should be strengthened; (4) keeping pectinase in better activity and stability with new molecular biology technology.

  Study of Extraction, Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil from Zanthoxylu bungeanum Maxim and GC-MS 2014, 30 (21):  263-270.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0557 Abstract + ( 1297 )   PDF ( 626604KB )   ( 566 ) The wild pepper is mainly produced in China, and its variety, habitat and extraction method all have important influence on the chemical composition and content in zanthoxylum oil. Essential oil was extracted by a Soxhlet extractor from Zanthoxylu bungeanum Maxim produced in Dezhou of Shandong. The antimicrobial effect was studied and the volatile compounds of the extracted oil were also analyzed by GC-MS. Essential oils extracted by different solvents showed significant differences in color, odor, state and antimicrobial effect. The essential oil extracted by ether exhibited the most significant antimicrobial activity to seven kinds of tested microorganisms. At the 80% similarity level, GC- MS analysis showed that 45 and 63 kinds of volatile compounds were detected in essential oil extracted by ether and petroleum ether, respectively, and the ketone compounds were the main constitutes. It was worth mentioning that large amount of 1- (2- hydroxy- 4,6 - methoxy phenyl) ethyl ketone was detected in both essential oil extracted by ether and petroleum ether, which had not been described in published documents. As the important functional component of wild pepper, essential oil could play an important part in food flavor and bacteriostasis.

  Effect on Aroma Components of Tobacco by Different Curing Techniques in Curing Process 2014, 30 (21):  271-277.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3352 Abstract + ( 589 )   PDF ( 771900KB )   ( 393 ) In order to research the variation of aroma components in curing process and improve the content of aroma components, we studied the effect of 4 type curing techniques(A: aroma precursors conversed moderately and aroma accumulated moderately, B: aroma precursors conversed moderately and aroma accumulated deeply, C: aroma precursors conversed deeply and aroma accumulated moderately, D: aroma precursors conversed deeply and aroma accumulated deeply) on content of aroma components in curing process with ‘K326’. The result showed that the highest content of aroma components in lower and middle leaves appear at late stage in curing process, and the upper leaves appear at early stage in curing process. The loss of aroma substances can reduced with curing technique D and the content of aroma components was highest in the end of curing with curing technique A in lower leaves. The loss of aroma substances can reduced and the content of aroma components was highest in the end of curing with curing technique B in middle leaves. The loss of aroma substances can reduce with curing technique A and the content of aroma components was highest in the end of curing with curing technique C in upper leaves.

  Study on Rolling and Fermentation Technology at Primary Process of Superior Keemun Black Tea 2014, 30 (21):  278-284.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3314 Abstract + ( 589 )   PDF ( 642989KB )   ( 417 ) The problem of selecting rolling process and the problem of controlling the degree of fermentation, that have generally reflected in the primary process of superior Keemun Black Tea, would be solved. Fresh first-class leaves of Qimenzhuye cultivar, which were withered in the same level, were picked as the raw materials. Compared with traditional primary process of Keemun Black Tea, three treatment groups were set up in the rolling process (A): A1(rolling leaves without pressure once + light pressing), A2(rolling leaves without pressure twice + light pressing), A3 (rolling leaves without pressure twice + light pressure + slightly heavy pressure). Three treatment groups were also set up in the fermentation process (B): B1(insufficient, yellowish red), B2(moderate, copper red), B3(slightly heavy, reddish brown). The best rolling process was selected by measuring every treatment’s broken cell rate, rolled leaf rate and intact leaf rate. The best degree of fermentation was selected by comparing every treatment’s results of sensory evaluation and biochemical analysis. The results were as followed. A3: broken cell rate is 87.4%, rolled leaf rate is 84.6%, and intact leaf rate is 59.7%. So, relatively, the A3 treatment could conform to the requirement of rolling of the primary process of superior Keemun Black Tea. B2: mutual proportions of chemical ingredients in dried leaves were in harmony, and its integrated score of sensory evaluation was 94.10. So, the degree of fermentation in the B2 treatment was suitable. Above all, it is better to choose A3 as the rolling process of the primary process of superior Keemen Black Tea; and it is better to choose B2 as the degree of fermentation in the primary process.

  Study on the Acute Toxicity of Theaflavins and Theaflavins Tablet 2014, 30 (21):  285-288.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3081 Abstract + ( 609 )   PDF ( 457268KB )   ( 709 ) The acute toxicity properties of theaflavins and theaflavins tablet was carried out to evaluate by acute toxicity test method. The results showed that, the female mouse acute oral LD50 of theaflavins extracts was 2710.0mg/kg body weight, which was 136 times to 271 times of adultdaily dose (10mg/kg to 20mg/kg) . The male mice acute oral LD50 of theaflavins extracts was 3160.0mg/kg body weight, which was 158 times to 316 times of adult daily dose (10mg/kg to 20mg/kg). The female mice acute oral LD50 of theaflavins tablet was 20000.0mg/kg body weight, which was 400 times to 500 times of adult daily dose (40mg/kg to 50mg/kg) . The male mice acute oral LD50 of theaflavins tablet was 14700.0mg/kg body weight, which was 294 times to 368 times of adult daily dose (40mg/kg to 50mg/kg) . In a word, the male mice and female mouse acute oral LD50 of theaflavins extracts and theaflavins tablet were more than 100 times of adult dosage. It illustrated that the theaflavin extract and theaflavins tablet have less toxic, and was In accordance with the acute toxicity evaluation standards of health food.

  Consumers’Online Shopping of Fresh Vegetables Influence Factors——Based on Shanghai Consumers’Survey 2014, 30 (21):  289-293.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3125 Abstract + ( 869 )   PDF ( 483732KB )   ( 538 ) Online shopping of fresh vegetables as emerging consumption patterns to enhance the level of development of agricultural industrialization, has gradually become an important trend in people's daily consumption. This paper explores the relationship between the online store features the consumer's own characteristics, the characteristics of vegetables and consumers willingness to purchase behavior, based on logistic regression analysis. This paper obtains that online store features has a significant positive impact on the wishes of the consumer network share fresh vegetables. Vegetables characteristics and consumer characteristics of online shopping vegetables will not statistically significant. Through analysis, some good suggestions to the government, market management and network Store Business.

  Inhibitory Effect and Antimicrobial Mechanism of Three Kinds of Chinese Herbal Medicine on Escherichia Coli 2014, 30 (21):  294-300.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3315 Abstract + ( 721 )   PDF ( 895881KB )   ( 707 ) The present work aimed to explore the antibacterial effect and potential inhibitory mechanism of three kind of Chinese herbal medicine against Escherichia coli. The experiment used plate count method to test the extract of herbal medicine on the inhibitory effect of Escherichia coli, and utilized doubling dilution method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). At different time periods, the absorbance values of bacteria liquid and conductivity of Escherichia coli were determined by Ultraviolet spectrophotometer. After 10 hours cultured in a nutrient broth with drugs, through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand the effect of three kinds of Chinese herbal medicine on ultrastructural of Escherichia coli. The result showed that all the herbal medicine displayed a better antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli. The MIC value of Pyrola was 31.25 mg/mL and its MBC value was 62.50 mg/mL; the MIC value of others were both 62.50 mg/mL and the MBC value were 125 mg/mL. It can be discovered that the growth of Escherichia coli in dosing group was restrained and its permeability of cytomembrane was increased. The observations by SEM revealed that Escherichia coli cells got longer and cell surface appeared a lot of pits. It can be concluded that three kinds of Chinese herbal medicine had strong antibacterial effect and Pyrola was more effective against Escherichia coli.

  Effect of High Carbon Dioxide Treatment on Shelf Life of Different Maturity Sweet Persimmon Storage Under Room Temperature 2014, 30 (21):  301-305.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3258 Abstract + ( 668 )   PDF ( 557967KB )   ( 344 ) In order to resolve the problem of softening easily occur in the sweet persimmon storage under room temperature,‘Jiro’persimmon was studied for analyzing the effect of high carbon dioxide treatment on shelf life of different maturity sweet persimmon storage under room temperature. Firstly, the relationship between sweet persimmon maturity and two quality indexes which were total soluble solids and titrable acidity were studied so that an appropriate grading standard can be made. And based on it, the effect laws of fruit maturity and high carbon dioxide treatment on shelf life of sweet persimmon storage under room temperature were analyzed. The results showed that: there was good linear relationship between maturity and the ratio of total soluble solids and titrable acidity. It can be used as classification index of sweet persimmon maturity. High carbon dioxide treatment was better for prolonging the shelf life of sweet persimmon. Maturity was a very influential factor in sweet persimmon treating by high carbon dioxide. And 70% mature sweet persimmon after treated by high carbon dioxide had the best crisp keeping efficiency.

  Optimization of the Extraction Technology of Pectin from Pumpkin 2014, 30 (21):  306-310.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3059 Abstract + ( 859 )   PDF ( 570669KB )   ( 515 ) In order to construct an appropriate ultrasonic-assisted acid hydrolysis method for pectin from pumpkin, we conducted the single-factor test including the extraction solution acidity, the ratio of material to liquid (g/mL), extraction temperature and extraction time. The L9（34）orthogonal test was used to optimize the conditions for ultrasonic-assisted acid hydrolysis method. The result showed that the optimization ultrasonic-assisted acid hydrolysis conditions were extraction pH value 2.0, ratio of solid to liquid (g/mL) 1:30, extraction temperature 75 ℃, extraction time 60min, and the output ratio of pumpkin pectin of 21.9% was obtained at the optimum conditions.

  Biological Control of Blue Mold Disease on Pear Fruit by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NCPSJ7 2014, 30 (21):  311-315.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3094 Abstract + ( 912 )   PDF ( 629608KB )   ( 556 ) The aim was to estimate the biological control effects of pear blue mold disease and its pathogen by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NCPSJ7, which displayed a broad antimicrobial spectrum. Fermentation broth, fermentation supernatant, bacterial suspension, and sterile antibacterial protein of strain NCPSJ7 were selected as test samples. The inhibition effects of the test samples on pathogen ACCC37275 were studied using oxford cup diffusion or inoculation pathogen on punched fruit methods. Moreover, a fruit preservation test was adopted to investigate the effects of the test samples on the biological control of pear blue mold disease. It showed that compared with the sterile antibacterial protein, fermentation broth, fermentation supernatant, and bacterial suspension possessed better inhibition effects on the growth of pathogen mycelia, but relatively poorer control effects on pear blue mold disease. Therefore, from the practical point of view, the antibacterial protein secreted by B. amyloliquefaciens NCPSJ7 was more suitable for biological control of blue mold disease on pear fruit.

  Comparison of the Different Methods in Extracting Pectin from Fruits and Derived Products 2014, 30 (21):  316-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3160 Abstract + ( 579 )   PDF ( 627197KB )   ( 729 ) In order to determine the pectin content in fruits and derived products, using orange, apple, kiwifruit, strawberry jam etc as test material, and galacturonic acid as standard substance, using ethanol precipitation, sulfuric acid- carbazole colorimetry, the conditions of acid extracting pectin from fruits and derived products were studied. The conditions included acid type, extraction solution temperature, extraction solution acidity, extraction time and other conditions. We compared the extraction efficiency of acid extraction and alkaline extraction. The test results showed that the optimum conditions of acid extraction for use of sulfuric acid solution (pH 0.5) extracting for 60 min at 85℃. Under these conditions, the method of high accuracy and precision met the requirements of relevant standards. Through the comparison of the alkali extraction method and found that, for high original pectin samples, with the acid extract was more thorough than the alkali extraction. However, for high starch samples such as banana, acid extraction method was not suitable because of abnormal color reaction. The pectin extraction method was confirmed. For samples with abnormal color reaction, alkaline extraction was used. For samples of the original high pectin, acid extraction was used. For samples with low pectin content, two extraction methods were suitable.