Abstract: To investigate the effects of coated fertilizer application on rape and achieve high-yield planting, rape variety of‘Xiangzayou1613’was used as material to study the effects of two kinds of fertilization application on the agronomic traits and yield in two places of Hunan during 2010 to 2011. The results showed that compared with the ordinary compound fertilizer treatment, the coated fertilizer increased rapeseed yield at an average of 10.23% and increased variability of most rapeseed traits except grains per pod. Among the traits, variable coefficient of the dry weight of above ground reached the maximum 0.58 and the thousand kernel weight variation minimized. The improvement that coated fertilizer brought on root dry weight reached the maximum level of 0.24 and changes minimal to yield with 0.02, coated fertilizer can be considered to have a stable effect while improving growth morphology of rape and reaching high yield. Compared with ordinary fertilizer, coated fertilizer improved correlation of each trait and that among the traits and yields, therefore, the coated fertilizers can be considered to strengthen the characteristics, including plant height, branch number, stem dry weight, angle of the skin dry weight, the number of per pod to improved yield of rapes. The previous two principal components of cumulative contribution rate of coated fertilizer treatment reached 85.49%, which represented the information of growth and characteristics of pod of rapes. The previous three principal components of cumulative contribution rate of common fertilizer treatment reached 89.00%, which represented the information of the main stem traits and yield, the characteristics of pod, the main stem traits and thousand kernel weight. The importance of each trait changed in different fertilization conditions. The traits which included stem dry weight, angle of the skin dry weight, yield, plant height, number of main stem section and each pod number have great importance, and should be the key choice and can be used as an indicator to evaluate the growth of rape under the coated fertilizer treatment.