Abstract: In order to identify the species of vegetable root-knot nematodes in Shaanxi Province，the reported specific primers of Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal.) Chitwood, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofold & White) Chitwood, Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood and Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) were served as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay primers respectively to detect Meloidogyne spp. of greenhouse vegetables that obtained from twenty four sampling areas that distributed in twenty cities and counties in Shaanxi. Our study showed that M. arenaria, M. incognita, M. hapla and M. javanica were detected, and M. incognita was the dominant species; most sampling areas were infected by single population, however, specific sampling areas were infected by two populations.