Abstract: Based on the research on the law of morphological characteristics variation of Xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds from different geographic provenances in Shanxi Province, this paper revealed the relationship between geographic variation and environmental factors, in order to utilize the geographic variation of population from different provenances. This paper compared the seeds traits variations of the wild adult trees from 18 geographic provenances in Shanxi Province with variance analysis, partial correlation and cluster analysis. The differences of length, width, thickness, morphological indices and 1000-grain weight of seeds from 18 geographic provenances were significant. The morphological indices above were positively correlated with annual average temperature of geographic habitat. There was an obvious law of geographic variation in morphological indices of seeds, the morphological indices decreased gradually with the increase of longitude. There was no obvious geographic and air temperature variation law of oil yielding rate. The oil yielding rate of kernel, seed and seed shell were negatively related with elevation. The oil yielding rate of seed was also affected by the annual precipitation, and it increased gradually with the increase of annual precipitation. The Xanthoceras sorbifolia seeds of 18 geographic provenances could be classified into 4 types according to the morphological characteristics and oil yielding rate using UPGMA method.