Abstract: With the continuous economic and social development in China, the mutton sheep production shows obvious regional characteristics. The layout of mutton sheep production advantage provinces also has drawn great attention of policy-making departments. To fully understand the regional advantages of mutton sheep industry in China, this article selects 16 impact indicators on the development of mutton sheep industry of 31 provinces and regions, then uses the factor analysis method to extract four common factors and calculates the public factor scores and comprehensive scores to rank them. According to the results, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Xinjiang, Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Beijing, Sichuan, Zhejiang and Guangdong have advantages in the development of mutton sheep industry. Inner Mongolia, Shandong and Xinjiang are not only the main production provinces but also the main consumption provinces; Jiangsu, Beijing, Zhejiang and Guangdong just have great mutton market. Finally, this article puts forward that advantage provinces should adjust measures.