Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.5 Published:20 March 2015

  Evaluation of the quality and safety of environment, feeds and products in the animal farms of Kazak herdsmen settlement in Xinjiang 2015, 31 (5):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1279 Abstract + ( 869 )   PDF ( 564KB )   ( 597 ) To analyze and evaluate the current situation of the transformation from traditional nomadic to modern animal husbandry for the Herdsmen Settlement Project in Xinjiang, the survey results of the quality and safety of environment, feeds and products were evaluated in the animal farms of Kazak herdsmen settlement in Tacheng and Aletai. The results showed that the contents of heavy metals in the soil and water，phoxim, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, clenbuterol hydrochloride and ractopamine，veterinary drug residues such as avermectin, ivermectin, nitrofuran and tetracycline’s antibiotics in the meat were lower than the limits standards of China. However, a part of pesticides in planted forage and grass were over the national standard limits suggesting some potential risk harmful to the animal production in herdsmen settlement farms. It isnecessary to take early controlling measures. Taken together, the living and animal production in herdsmen settlement farms are in accordance with reqirements regarding the quality and safety for animal production, which is in turn beneficial for improving the nomadic people’s livelihood, grassland ecological environment and the sustainable aniaml huabandry.

  Impact on growth performance and fat deposition distribution of Lanzhou Fat-tailed sheep and Mongolian sheep with fat-tail removal 2015, 31 (5):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100072 Abstract + ( 2407 )   PDF ( 453KB )   ( 583 ) In order to study growth performance and fat deposition distribution of fat-tail sheep with no tail, the impact on the growth performance and fat deposition distribution of ‘Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep’ and ‘Mongolian sheep’ with fat-tail removal was studied. 18 ‘Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep’ and 18 ‘Mongolian sheep’ which were healthy, at the same age and had almost the same weight were collected in the test. Nine ‘Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep’ and nine ‘Mongolian sheep’ were randomly selected to remove their fat-tail by different methods. ‘Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep’ used surgical method, and ‘Mongolian sheep’ used rubber ring ligation method. No tail sheep formed the treatment group and tail sheep made up the control group of each breed. The results showed that feed intake of each breed in treatment group was lesser than control group after slaughtered, while the average daily gain, live weight before slaughter and hot carcass weight in treatment group was greater than that of control group, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05). There was a highly significant difference in tail and rump fat weight of ‘Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep’ between control group and treatment group(P<0.01), and control group was highly greater than treatment group. The total body fat weight of ‘Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep’ in control group was also significantly greater than treatment group(P<0.05). The remaining parts of the fat weight of ‘Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep’ in control group were lesser than treatment group. Among them, there was no significant difference of the subcutaneous fat weight and perinephric fat weight between each group(P>0.05). The testicular fat weight, omental and mesenteric fat weight and internal fat weight showed significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). There was also a highly significant difference in tail and rump fat weight of ‘Mongolian sheep’ between control group and treatment group(P<0.01), and control group was highly greater than treatment group. The subcutaneous fat weight, testicular fat weight, perinephric fat weight, omental and mesenteric fat weight, internal fat weight and total body fat weight of ‘Mongolian sheep’ showed no significant differences of the two groups(P>0.05). There was a trend in improving the average daily gain and decreasing feed intake of ‘Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep’ and ‘Mongolia sheep’ with tail removal. There was a little influence on fat deposition distribution with removing fat-tail of ‘Mongolian sheep’, while the fat are more deposited into the skin, testis, kidney and stomach and intestines with removing fat-tail of ‘Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep’. What’s more, the total body fat weight of ‘Lanzhou fat-tailed’ sheep was significantly declined.

  Studies on advantages provinces of mutton sheep industry in China based on factor analysis 2015, 31 (5):  12-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1579 Abstract + ( 1052 )   PDF ( 543KB )   ( 822 ) With the continuous economic and social development in China, the mutton sheep production shows obvious regional characteristics. The layout of mutton sheep production advantage provinces also has drawn great attention of policy-making departments. To fully understand the regional advantages of mutton sheep industry in China, this article selects 16 impact indicators on the development of mutton sheep industry of 31 provinces and regions, then uses the factor analysis method to extract four common factors and calculates the public factor scores and comprehensive scores to rank them. According to the results, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Xinjiang, Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Beijing, Sichuan, Zhejiang and Guangdong have advantages in the development of mutton sheep industry. Inner Mongolia, Shandong and Xinjiang are not only the main production provinces but also the main consumption provinces; Jiangsu, Beijing, Zhejiang and Guangdong just have great mutton market. Finally, this article puts forward that advantage provinces should adjust measures.

  Research Progress in the Effect of Tea Saponin on Rumen Fermentation Yan Shuhong and Jiang Linshu 2015, 31 (5):  20-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100141 Abstract + ( 971 )   PDF ( 512KB )   ( 591 ) The chemical composition of plant active substances, such as saponins, can promote growth and antioxidant power, improve the immunity of animal body. It can also regulate the rumen fermentation pattern. Recent studies showed that tea saponin could improve rumen fermentation and protein utilization rate, reduce the methane production and thus improve the performance of animal production by exerting effect on rumen microorganism. Therefore it could be used as a natural feed additive. This article reviewed the research progress in the effect of tea saponin on rumen microbial community of ruminant animal and rumen fermentation. And combined with research results of the research team, the author offered analysis of tea saponin to solve practical problems as rumen fermentation of natural control agents. In addition, the author put forward the new research direction and the prospect of tea saponin according to the current research status.

  The influence of oxidation index of liver and kidney on mice by formaldehyde 王雨,林妍娉,,王弈斐,, and 2015, 31 (5):  25-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100120 Abstract + ( 1155 )   PDF ( 517KB )   ( 782 ) 24 male mice were divided into four groups randomly, different concentrations of formaldehyde and saline solution were taken by intraperitoneal injection. Then the coefficient ofSliver and kidney, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were detected. Our results detected that the coefficient of liver and kidney in mice were not changed significantly by different doses of formaldehyde (p＞0.05). The content of MDA was increased significantly(p＜0.05)and the content of GSH was decreased not significantly (p＞0.05) in livers by formaldehyde of 10 and 100 mg/kg. The content of MDA was increased and the content of GSH was decreased not significantly in kidneys by different concentrations of formaldehyde (p＞0.05). All results shown that different concentrations of formaldehyde were taken by intraperitoneal injection in mice could induced oxidative damage significantly and related to the dose of formaldehyde in livers of mice. However, the kidney of mice were not changed obviously.

  Advances on Molec ular and Ecological Biology of Rhinopithecus Hong Yanyun,Duo Hairui,Yang jinyuan and Yi Tuyong 2015, 31 (5):  29-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2325 Abstract + ( 1315 )   PDF ( 787KB )   ( 1164 ) Rhinopithecus was a typical example of an evolutionary radiation with rapid diversification events. It was made up of five kinds that were Rhinopithecus roxellanae, Rhinopithecus brelichi, Rhinopithecus bieti,Rhinopithecus avunculus and Rhinopithecus strykeri. They occupied a large latitudinal and altitudinal range including forestry and wood. They were very importment as a nohuman primate genera. People did a lot of study on the macro and micro of Rhinopithecus. In the paper, we reviewed the progress on the ecology and molecular phylogeny of Rhinopithecus, based on this，some suggestions were offered. Finally, we discussed prospects of applying molecular biology technology in research and conservation of the species.

  China’s bee products market SCP analysis and early warning 2015, 31 (5):  36-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100051 Abstract + ( 987 )   PDF ( 748KB )   ( 1277 ) 〔Objective〕To fully grasp the current development of bee products market, promote the sustainable and healthy development of bee products market, and to help to construct our ecological civilization,〔Method〕the author applies SCP model of industrial organization theory to bee products market and collects relevant research data. Explore the market structure, market behavior and market performance of bee products systematically, empirically analyze the correlation between the three and find out the issues existing in the market structure and market behavior.〔Result〕The analysis shows that a high degree of correlation exists between any two of market structure, market behavior and market performance. The correlation coefficient is above 0.5. Bee products market has low concentration. Bee products differentiation is not obvious. The market has low barriers to entry but high barriers to exit. Bee products marketing is weak and the RSCA of honey exports declines from 0.86 in 1990 to 0.05 in 2012. Research for new products needs to be strengthened.〔Conclusion〕Therefore, effective measures should be taken to prompt healthy and sustainable development of bee products market. The end puts forward practical warning suggestions from raw materials production, products processing, marketing and other aspects.

  Gene cloning and molecular characteristics of major capsid protein from Chinese giant salamander( Andrias davidianus) iridovirus-LY isolate 2015, 31 (5):  45-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1661 Abstract + ( 876 )   PDF ( 1114KB )   ( 1422 ) The objectives of this study were to analyze the molecular characteristics and structure of major capsid protein(mcp) from Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (CGSIV)-LY isolate, genetic variation of mcp from different CGSIV isolates in China and the evolution of CGSIV.The complete DNA of mcp from CGSIV-LY strain was cloned through PCR amplification and then the molecular characteristics of mcp were studied by means of bioinformics software, and phylogenetic tree was constructed by genetic distances. The length of the mcp gene,encoding 463 aa, was 1392 bp,The molecular weight was 50.03 ku and the isoelectric was 5.75.The protein is hydrophobic with no signal peptide and transmembrane regions.The antigenicity of the protein was good.According to the protein structure prediction,there were 8 N-glycosylation sites,17 O-glycosylation sites and 20 phosphorylation sites.The secondary structure of this protein consisted primarily of a 11.23% alpha helix, with a 31.11% strand chain and random coil 57.66% without β folding,which contains three domains:the amino acid N terminal,the amino acid C terminal,capsid_NCLDV conserved domain including a low complexity region.The results of homologous comparison of amino acid sequences and evolutionary tree indicated that there was little genetic variation among mcps from different CGSIV isolates in China, and that these isolates were clustered as an independent branch in Ranavirus with parallel relationship.The protein of mcp from different isolates of CGSIV with little genetic variations should possess consistent molecular characteristics and structure.

  Study on Sperm Cryopreservation of Three Rare Migratory Fishes in the Yangtze River 2015, 31 (5):  55-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2464 Abstract + ( 1123 )   PDF ( 549KB )   ( 844 ) The technique of sperm cryopreservation of three rare migratory fishes in the Yangtze River was studied, including Acipenser baerii, Alosa sapidissima and Takifugu obscurus. The success of sperm cryopreservation was evaluated by post-thaw sperm motility. To explore methods for sperm cryopreservation, this study evaluated the effects of different extenders, cryoprotectants, their volume fractions, equilibration time and dilution ratios. The result showed that the best sperm cryopreservation of motility of Acipenser baerii was (45±5.00)% and Takifugu obscurus (60.5±2.69)% were obtained by following procedure: the ringer solution and the semen were mixed at ratio of 2:1 in volume and added 10% methanol, while the best sperm cryopreservation of motility of Alosa sapidissima (80.3±2.58)% was obtained by following procedure: the ringer solution and the semen were mixed at ratio of 3:1 in volume and added 10% methanol. Sperms were cryopreserved by three-step cooling progam. These results provided the methods to conserve genetic resources in three rare migratory fishes in the Yangtze River.

  The impact on Seawater DO content of Macroscopic algae farming 2015, 31 (5):  59-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2326 Abstract + ( 1169 )   PDF ( 516KB )   ( 661 ) In order to understand the impact of macroscopic algae farming on seawater DO content, to clear the change process of DO content, in light, dark, light and dark alternately conditions, Sargassum thunbergii and Hizikia fusiforme from Wenzhou Dongtou offshore were brought to the laboratory for breeding. Set light (2h, 6h, 12h), dark (2h, 6h, 12h), alternating light and dark (1h 1h, 6h 6h, 12h 12h) treatment conditions, DO was determined, also to analyzed its oxygen production rate and oxygen consumption rate. The result showed that: with the extension of farming time, Sargassum thunbergii and Hizikia fusiforme oxygen production rates were all declining, Sargassum thunbergii oxygen production rate was higher than Hizikia fusiforme (P<0.05); Under dark conditions, Sargassum thunbergii maximum oxygen consumption rate at the time of 6h up to 288.02mg/kgDW?h, Hizikia fusiforme maximum oxygen consumption rate at the time of 2h up to 207.46 mg / kgDW?h, Sargassum thunbergii oxygen consumption rate was higher than Hizikia fusiforme; Sargassum thunbergii net oxygen production rate under alternating light and dark increased slowly at first and then drastically reduced, the net oxygen production rate up to 457.08 mg / kgDW?h at the short alternating cycle (1h 1h). Hizikia fusiforme net oxygen production rate first increased and then decreased, while the medium alternating cycle (6h 6h) up to 64.04 mg / kgDW?h. Macroscopic algae farming with alternating light and dark environment when carried out, photosynthetic oxygen production and dark respiration oxygen consumption converted continuously. Overall, Macroscopic algae farming increased the DO content of the seawater. Ecological and social value of the macroscopic algae farming was significantly, it should be vigorously promoted.

  Biomass characteristics of zooplankton of different aquaculture ponds in Pearl River Delta 2015, 31 (5):  63-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2481 Abstract + ( 1055 )   PDF ( 875KB )   ( 582 ) Distribution characteristics of zooplankton biomass and its correlation with water environmental factors were investigated and analyzed in four ponds where dominant species were Oxyeleotris marmoratus, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Micropterus salmoides and Channa argus respectively at the Pearl River Delta region from May to December in 2012. Results have shown that throughout the investigation period, there was no significant change in distribution of zooplankton biomass of the four ponds, and the average values of biomass were 4.718 mg/L, 3.693 mg/L, 2.579 mg/L and 20.932 mg/L, respectively. Biomass of microzooplankton (protozoa and rotifers) accounted for a very high proportion of the total zooplankton biomass in the four ponds, while cladocerans and copepods contributed relatively less to the total zooplankton biomass. Correlation analysis showed that, in the Oxyeleotris marmoratus dominant pond, the environmental factors such as pH value, water temperature, transparency and total solids content had a significant impact on distribution of zooplankton biomass. In the Ctenopharyngodon idellus dominant pond, water temperature, transparency and total solids content were the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of zooplankton biomass. In the Micropterus salmoides dominant pond, dissolved oxygen content greatly affected the distribution of zooplankton biomass. In the Channa argus dominant pond, pH value, water temperature and nitrite content significantly affected the distribution of zooplankton biomass. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that there was very significant difference between the average values of zooplankton biomass in the four ponds (p < 0.001).

  Effect of Ecological Floating Rafts on Water Quality of Aquaculture Ponds Zhong Quanfu 2015, 31 (5):  70-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2595 Abstract + ( 955 )   PDF ( 539KB )   ( 690 ) Effects of ecological floating rafts on water quality of intensive aquaculture ponds were studied using ammonium nitrogen (NH4 -N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), orthophosphate phosphorus(PO43--P), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and CODMn as main water quality indexes, and its mechanism of purifying the water was explored in an experiment. The results showed that the four treatments followed a decreasing order of control group＞treatment 5%＞treatment 10%＞treatment 20% on the same conditional experiments. And the removal rate of in treatment 20% was higher than the other treatments, as follows 42.82%, 39.47%, 43.8%, 64.1%, 46.57%, 58.75%, 7.4%. The yield of Ipom oea aquatica, harvested six times, reached as high as 14.3-17.6kg/m2. In treatments 5%, 10% and 20% 1643.5, 988.2 and 5341.3 g/667 m2 of TN and 240.7 g, 437.6 g, 5341.3 g/667 m2 of TP were respectively, removed with the harvest of Ipom oea aquatic. The tilapia survival rates in the treatments improved significantly as is compared with that in the control group. So it was obvious that in ponds rearing of tilapias, cultivating Ipom oea aquatica on artificial floating rafts could purify of water quality reduce the pond eutrophication. So that treatment 20% has certain value of application in ponds rearing of tilapias.

  Research on Fishery Ecological Environment Condition of Southern Shandong Subsided Water Area 2015, 31 (5):  75-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2312 Abstract + ( 1251 )   PDF ( 750KB )   ( 691 ) Through analyzing the water quality of different subsidence waters (large water, pond and aquiculture pond), the total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH4 -N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), and nitrate (NO2--N), total phosphorus (TP), pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen consumption (COD), transparency (SD), chlorophyll a (Chl-a) and other physical and chemical water quality and nutrition indicators were studied, and the eutrophication level was evaluated using comprehensive nutrition state index (TLI). Results showed that the subsidence waters was suffered different level contamination, the indicators was basically bellow class Ⅲwater standards, nutrient has the characteristics of changes with the seasons; the eutrophication level of waters was all above moderate eutrophication.

  Policy Analysis and Evaluation on Tilapia Industry in Major Producing Areas Base on the Perspective of Policy Tools Yuan Yuan,Yuan Yongming,Dai Yunyun and Gong Yunchong 2015, 31 (5):  81-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2567 Abstract + ( 1110 )   PDF ( 583KB )   ( 933 ) This article uses content analysis to conduct quantitative examination and evaluation on local government policies in the major producing areas of tilapia industry. Based on the perspective of policy tools， this article starts from two dimensions: basic policy tools and industry chains to build an analysis framework of tilapia industrial policies. The policies have been codified and statistically analyzed，so that we can conduct quantitative analysis on the problems in the design and construction of the tilapia industrial policies tool. Some recommendations to improve and optimize the future tilapia industrial policies have been suggested to provide the beneficial reference for the establishment of China's tilapia industrial policies.

  The Study on Input-Output Optimization Model of Aquaculture Based on Grey System Theory 2015, 31 (5):  87-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2221 Abstract + ( 909 )   PDF ( 552KB )   ( 723 ) Based on grey system, this paper established an input-output optimization model, and the model was used to analyze the input-output of aquaculture. After gotten the coefficients of inputs and outputs of aquaculture, using GM (1,1) model we could predict the final demand for aquaculture (upper and lower), the resource level of assurance (maximum-minimum volume); then through qualitative analysis and quantitative research, the future input-output coefficients for each phase was revised and the grey input-output model would be designed; Finally, using model calculations, we could obtain various options. After the comprehensive demonstration, we could get the most satisfactory solution. From the numerical results, the model could complement each other, quick to solve and make Grey Target decision easily.

  The Progress of Sources and Chromosomal Locations of Stripe Rust Resistance Genes in Wheat Li Xin,Chang Zhijian,Zhan Haixian,Guo Huijuan,Zhang Xiaojun and Qiao Linyi 2015, 31 (5):  92-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0078 Abstract + ( 949 )   PDF ( 459KB )   ( 2871 ) Stripe rust is one of the most devastating diseases in common wheat. The appliance of resistant cultivars is the most economical, safety and efficient means to control the disease. Resistance cultivars easily lose resistance because that the wheat Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici has high genetic variability. It is significant to explore the new resistant resource and expand wheat genetic basis in resistance breeding work. The sources and distributions of 57 stripe rust genes are concluded in the paper. The genes from primary, secondary and tertiary GenBank are reviewed and suggested. Furthermore, the authors analyzed the utilization of stripe rust resistance source.

  Construction of an expression vector pVLT-EGFP can be expressed in Azospirillum brasilense 2015, 31 (5):  96-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2386 Abstract + ( 1082 )   PDF ( 815KB )   ( 2063 ) In order to study the colonization of Azospirillum brasilense in plants, an Escherichia coli-A. brasilense shuttle vector pVLT-EGFP can be expressed in A. brasilense was constructed by integrating the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene of pcDNA3.1-EGFP into the broad host range expression plasmid pVLT-33. The expression vector was transformed into A. brasilense by electroporation methods and the expression of EGFP gene was observed under fluorescent microscope. Using IPTG as an inducing agent, the effect of different time and temperature of IPTG on the expression of pVLT-EGFP was analyzed and the results indicated that the optimal condition for expression was at the temperature of 30℃. The highest expression level of EGFP gene was detected 9 h after inducing. This study enriched A. brasilense genetic transformation system and provided a robust tool to study the colonization of A. brasilense and growth-promoting effect on plants.

  Study on Pathogenicity Differentiation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Isolated from Different Regions in Heilongjiang Province 2015, 31 (5):  102-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2465 Abstract + ( 1045 )   PDF ( 552KB )   ( 537 ) In order to confirm pathogenicity differentiation within Sclerotinia sclerotiorum groups, ninety-three isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolated from soybean and sunflower in different regions of Heilongjiang Province were tested for their pathogenicity to Fengkuiza NO1 variety by the method of placing the mycelia plugs on the excised leaves. The results of inoculation on excised leaves of Fengkuiza NO1 showed that 79 isolates had pathogenicity although the lesion sizes ranged from 0.2cm to 5.3cm in different isolates. However, no pathogenicity was found in fourteen isolates. The number of moderate pathogenicity isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were more than others and 66.7% proportion in the pathogen population. Furthermore, the extremely significant differences of pathogenicity were found among isolates even derived from the same region and the same field. The results indicated that the phenomenon of pathogenicity differentiation was existed among isolates, which was no significant relationship to geographical location and host origin of the isolates.

  The Present Situation and Prospect of Researches on Phomopsis vexans in Solanum melongena 黎振兴, and 2015, 31 (5):  108-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2366 Abstract + ( 1419 )   PDF ( 614KB )   ( 2053 ) Phomopsis vexans is one of the most devastating disease of eggplant. Almost all known eggplant and their closely related genera can be infected by the fungi. Phomopsis vexans has been a hot topic of eggplant researches since the disease was discovered in America. So far, there were not so many researches on this disease. The author reviewed and presented the general research progress of this disease. The pathogen with its taxonomy, the biological characters, the disease cycle, the infection mechanisms, the symptoms, disease epidemics, disease index and integrated control of this disease were described. It also pointed out the existed problems and proposed the research directions. The authors believed that isolation of Phomopsis vexans across the country and identification it with molecular methods, screening and evaluation eggplant germplasm for resistance to the disease, isolation and localization resistance gene would be the developing direction of eggplant breeding for resistance to Phomopsis vexans. This would provide a theoretical basis for integrated control of this disease.

  Study on Total Ash and Water Insoluble Ash Contents and Their Correlation Analysis of Paper-process Reconstituted Tobacco Wang Jian,Liu Jing,Ma Xun,Lu Wei,Yin Yanfei,Wang Haoya and Xiang Haiying 2015, 31 (5):  116-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2022 Abstract + ( 1132 )   PDF ( 533KB )   ( 757 ) Total ash, water-insoluble ash and acid-insoluble ash in forty-one paper-process reconstituted tobacco (RT) products were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the means of total ash, water-insoluble ash and acid-insoluble ash contents of the domestic RT products (17.33%, 12.46% and 0.55%, respectively) were lower than those of the imported (19.18%, 14.34% and 0.59%, respectively), and there were extremely significant differences at the 0.01 significance level. Cluster analysis results showed forty-one paper-process RT products were divided into three groups on the basic of total ash, water-insoluble ash and acid-insoluble ash contents factors. Correlation analysis revealed that there was extremely significant correlation between total ash and water insoluble ash in RT products, and the relationship was described by the linear regression equation: y=9.951e0.051x (x for water insoluble ash and y for total ash, respectively).

  Analysis of Aroma Components in Black Tea made of Wild Tea Community in Luokeng Guangdong 2015, 31 (5):  120-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2407 Abstract + ( 1012 )   PDF ( 653KB )   ( 1307 ) To study the volatile aroma component in Guangdong Luokeng wild black tea and determine the main aroma components, the headspace solid- phase micro- extraction (HS- SPME) method and gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to determine the aroma compounds in Luxi wild black tea, Huajiaoyan wild black tea, Shangxie wild black tea, Jianggong wild black tea, etc. The result showed that 66 aroma compounds in Guangdong Luokeng wild black tea were identified including alcohol, ester, aldehyde, ketones, terpene, hydrocarbon, etc., among which the alcohol and aldehydes were the most important compounds, representing more than 70% of the total aroma. Geraniol, benzaldehyde, β- linalool and methl salicylate, the four most important compounds, combined with phenylacetaldehyde, dehydro-linalool and β- ionone composed dominant aroma of wild black tea; among them benzaldehyde was the special aroma compound, which had almond aroma character. The result of sensory evaluation agreed with the analysis of aroma. Luokeng wild black tea had obvious almond aroma, with sweet aroma.

  Research Progress On Stability and Microencapsulation Of Anthocyanins in Blueberry 2015, 31 (5):  127-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110063 Abstract + ( 1304 )   PDF ( 535KB )   ( 8580 ) Anthocyanins exist in the blade of the flowers, fruits, seeds of plants widely. It is a kind of water-soluble natural pigment, and it has some physiological efficacy, including anti-aging, anti-oxidation nad anting cancer properties, and so on. Anthocyanins are vulnerable to external environmental factors in terms of its stability. Blueberry anthocyanins are one of main functional components in the fruit, the structure of anthocyanins and research progress on stability and microencapsulation of anthocyanins were summarized in this paper. Meanwhile,existing problems in current study and research emphasis and application prospect in the future were discussed.

  Construction of Regional Pattern for Ecological Security Based on Coupling System 2015, 31 (5):  132-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100056 Abstract + ( 890 )   PDF ( 874KB )   ( 760 ) The construction of a regional ecological security pattern has important significance in regional sustainable development. Suzhou district is located in the midwest of Hexi Corridor, with fragile ecological environment and shortage of water resources, the situation of ecological environment construction and protection are severe. So, it is particularly important to realize the sustainable development through the construction of regional ecological security pattern. In this paper, we analyzed the landscape pattern and landscape security pattern of Suzhou district through the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Then, the system coupling and the principle and method of landscape ecology scale changes were used to build the Suzhou regional ecological security pattern. As the scale increases gradually, five kinds of coupling models are included in regional ecological security pattern, they are the ecological resources system coupling, the natural-social system coupling, the coupling of agricultural ecosystem, the landscape security pattern of coupling and the coupling ecological geographic area.

  The Application of Protozoa in Environmental Toxicology Rresearch 王琦 2015, 31 (5):  139-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2263 Abstract + ( 945 )   PDF ( 474KB )   ( 2149 ) Environmental toxicology is an important branch of environmental science. Their results has important significance on determining the biological effects of pollutants, the mechanisms of action, and developing environmental monitoring indicators. Protozoa has a special position and role in environmental toxicology. In this paper，the application of protozoa in water monitoring, water purification, soil environmental assessment and the unique advantages of environmental toxicology research model are summarized，development prospects of protozoa in toxicology research is prospected.

  The Research Progress of Edaphogenetic Characteristics and Taxonomic Classification of Orogenic Soil in Subtropics of China 2015, 31 (5):  143-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2500 Abstract + ( 998 )   PDF ( 570KB )   ( 1126 ) This study aims at the universal understanding of soil formation and taxonomic classification in subtropical mountains. It is useful for promoting pedogenesis research progress and orogenic soil series establishment in midwest China, and is further essential for sustainable utilization of orogenic soils. The edaphogenic characteristics and taxonomic classification of orogenic soils in subtropics of China were reviewed, including characteristics of major geochemical and soil- forming processes, principal diagnostic horizons, characteristics and phenomena, the altitudinal distribution of senior taxon, and diagnostic criteria of basic taxon. Then, several research priorities were proposed for the orogenic soil taxonomy in subtropics of China: (1) deeply understanding the geochemical and soil- forming processes; (2) establishing typical soil families and series, and testing the current criteria of basic taxon in subtropics of China; (3) strengthening the standardization of indices and data; (4) applying micromorphology, modern instrumental analysis and database technologies.

  Responses of Soil Nutrients and Microbial Biomass and Community Composition to Long-term Fertilization in Cultivated Land Wu Qifeng,Lu Kouping,Mao Xiali,Qin Hua and Wang Hailong 2015, 31 (5):  150-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100042 Abstract + ( 2705 )   PDF ( 654KB )   ( 887 ) To study the influences of long-term different fertilization on soil fertility and microbial community, a long-term fertilization experiment based on wheat-rice rotation agricultural system was conducted in Hang-Jia-Hu plain. The experiment included five fertilization treatments and a control without application of any fertilizers. The five different fertilization treatments were inorganic fertilizer (NPK), straw (Straw), organic manure (Manure), inorganic fertilizer plus straw (S NPK), and inorganic fertilizer plus organic manure (M NPK). The phospholipid fatty acid technique was used to characterize the soil microbial biomass and community. Results indicated that all of fertilization treatments increased soil organic carbon, as compared with control. Contents of organic carbon in the soils applied with S NPK, manure, and M NPK were significantly higher than that of the control. Application of chemical fertilizer, manure, S NPK and M NPK increased total N, total P and available K in the soils in a certain extent. Application of straw or organic manure significantly increased soil total PLFA, as well as bacterial, fungal, actinomycete PLFA and Shannon indices (P＜0.05). Application of chemical fertilizer decreased soil microbial biomass PLFA. Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated that soil microbial biomass PLFA and Shannon indices were significantly correlated with soil C/N ratio (P＜0.05). The result of Canonical Correspondence Analysis indicated that soil organic carbon content (F=2.18, P=0.027) had significant contribution to the variation of soil microbial communities. It can be concluded that long-term of straw incorporation or organic manure application can benefit soil microbial biomass and change soil microbial community. Soil organic carbon and C/N ratio can have important impact on soil quality.

  Soil Moisture and Grain Size Characteristic of micro-area in oasis-desert of Minqin 2015, 31 (5):  157-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100002 Abstract + ( 1118 )   PDF ( 683KB )   ( 703 ) To clarify the Minqin desert area three kinds of micro-area soil moisture and grain size characteristics change，In its water runoff area and accumulated area using mixed soil profile and multi-point sampling method for the analysis of soil moisture and grain size characteristic properties ,The results showed that:(1)Water content and Condition of vegetation of water accumulated area are significantly larger than the runoff area in three types of micro-area. Growth of Crust of water accumulated area are better than water runoff area in Clay sand barrier Haloxylon forest, on the contrary, Crust of water runoff area growed better than water accumulated area in the lowland of Nitraria schobei sandbags and clay plains. (2)The water content of water accumulated area are better than the runoff area in lowland of fixed Nitraria schobei sandbags. And water content of surface layer of water accumulated area are better than the runoff area in clay plains, but the runoff area is better than water accumulated area in Clay sand barrier Haloxylon forest. (3)The Low water content of water accumulated area are between 20 and 40 cm. And lowland of Nitraria schobei sandbags are significantly larger than clay plains and Clay sand barrier Haloxylon forest. the corresponding of the runoff area, its water content and soil depth are basical Consistency. (4)The content of clay, silt are large in surface layer of water accumulated area of lowland of Nitraria schobei sandbags, on the contrary, fine sand are more in the runoff area ; The mainly parts of clay plains are fine sand and coarse sand. Besides, Clay content in the corresponding of layers, the runoff area are better than water accumulated area. Clay sand barrier Haloxylon forest are mainly composed of the coarse sand, But its structure is very simple. In short, the micro-area by adjusting the distribution of precipitation to influence the effect of the soil moisture and grain size distribution and the sand area vegetation space-time distribution.

  Variation characteristics and Simulation of rain-fed maize farmland soil moisture in the Western of Liaoning 2015, 31 (5):  164-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2332 Abstract + ( 823 )   PDF ( 1117KB )   ( 541 ) Abstract: Soil moisture content is one of the key influence factors of crop growth. Identifying variation trends of soil water content and its precise simulation has important practical significance for keeping more effectively moisture, increasing crop water use efficiency, and enhancing the capacity of drought disaster prevention. Based on soil moisture observation data, temperatures, rainfall data and development period in maize growing season from 2008 to 2011 at Jinzhou, and combined with soil moisture module in CERES-MAIZE, the rain-fed maize farmland spatial and temporal variation characteristics of soil water was analyzed and simulated. The results showed that: the growing season precipitation did not reflect the variation trend of soil moisture conditions, the precipitation and precipitation frequency under moderate rain was correlated well with soil water content during growing season; Soil moisture was increasing with soil depth, the average value and lowest value of soil moisture from 0 cm to 40 cm of soil depth were 69%-82% and 49%-82% of field capacity, respectively. It was a quadratic curve relationship between Corn root biomass and the growth time. The explain rate of the model built was 89.7%. Coupling root biomass model and leaf area index model with soil moisture module can better simulate the soil moisture spatial and temporal variations of soil moisture in rain-fed maize ecosystem.

  The Soil Chemical Characteristics Analysis of ‘Zezhouhong’ Ancient Hawthorn Trees in Shanxi Yang Mingxia,Liu Wei,Wen Yinghong,Cui Keqiang,Pang Chuanming and Chen Mingchang 2015, 31 (5):  171-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110012 Abstract + ( 938 )   PDF ( 848KB )   ( 476 ) In order to research the relationship between growth situation and soil chemical characteristics of ancient hawthorn tree ‘Zezhouhong’, the author analyzed soil chemical characteristics of 42 ancient trees of hundreds years old in Shanxi Jincheng through collecting soil sample, laboratory test and data treatment. The results showed that most soil samples of 42 ancient hawthorn trees were neutral saline and a few were alkaline or acid. There were some differences in soil organic matter and available nutrient content. The normal standards of pH value, salt content, organic matter, available nitrogen and available potassium for growth were pH 6.92-7.29, 0.05%-0.06%, 20.11-28.05 g/kg, 40.81-50.99 mg/kg, and 117.85-147.06 mg/kg, respectively. The standard of available phosphorus was not given because the content did not conform to normal distribution law and could not be graded. This means that the soil condition of the ancient trees needed to be improved urgently.

  The Study of Pollution Control of Wastewater and Air for Scale Pig Farm Yang Fulin,Gao Fei,Zhou Chunxiao and Wu Houzhang 2015, 31 (5):  177-181.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2564 Abstract + ( 1141 )   PDF ( 531KB )   ( 763 ) In order to explore the feasibility of pollution control measures and to provide a reference of pollution control for the same type farm, the study for the pollution control measures of farm pollutant concentration in the waste gas and waste water was conducted. Malodorous gases and combustion waste gas of boiler were treated by activated carbon adsorption and water film soot collector respectively; wastewater was treated by anaerobic fermentation and CASS process. To monitor the concentration of ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), gas samples which were marked as a and b respectively were collected in the inlet and outlet of activated carbon adsorption tower. To monitor the concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and soot, gas samples which were marked as c and d respectively were collected in the inlet and outlet of water film soot collector. 2 L water sample which was marked as sample A was collected at the digester inlet; 2 L water sample was collected at the digester outlet after fermentation anaerobic digestion for 20 days, 30 days and 40 days, marking as B, C and D, respectively; 2 L water sample was collected in CASS sewage treatment pond outlet, marking as sample E. Then the values of chemical oxygen demand (CODcr), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), suspended solids (SS), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total phosphorus (TP) could be monitored. Three parallel samples were taken every time. The results showed that the intensity of the ammonia in gas b was significant lower than that in gas a, and the intensity of hydrogen sulfide in gas b was extremely significant lower than that in gas a. There had no significant difference between gas c and gas d about the concentration of SO2, and the concentration of soot in gas d was extremely significant lower than that in gas c. The concentration of chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand and suspended solids in sample B, C, D and E were extremely significant lower than that in sample A. The value of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in water sample E was extremely significant lower than that in sample A, B, C and D; there had no significant difference among sample A, B, C and D. Activated carbon adsorption treatment had significant effect on ammonia, and had an extremely significant effect on hydrogen sulfide; water film soot collector had significant effect on sulfur dioxide, also had extremely significant effect on soot. Pure anaerobic fermentation treatment had significant effect on chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand and suspended solids, but had no significant effect on ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus. The treatment of CASS process combined anaerobic fermentation had extremely significant effect on chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus. Except sulfur dioxide, pollutant concentrations were able to reach the standards after treatment.

  Remote Sensing on Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Research Fu Biyu,Ma Youhua,Wu Liang,Wang Xuelei,Wang Qiang,Zhang Xiaoyu,Zhang Weiwei and Yin Hanxu 2015, 31 (5):  182-188.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2636 Abstract + ( 999 )   PDF ( 516KB )   ( 747 ) The remote sensing has been applied in the research on agricultural non-point source pollution with the unique advantages of large scale, high efficiency, strong repeatability, economical and so on. Remote sensing combined with traditional research method has practical application. This article introduces remote sensing application and research in agricultural non-point source pollution monitoring, estimation, assessment, forecast and prediction. Remote sensing applied in agricultural non-point source pollution monitoring mainly has three aspects, investigating agricultural non-point source pollution, monitoring farmland water pollution and soil pollution. These data such as hydrology, soil, terrain, weather, and agricultural production activity can be obtained by remote sensing. These five kinds of data are very important data of agricultural non-point source pollution. Monitoring and evaluating water environment is on the basis of the spectral characteristics of the water body and its pollution. Measuring surface spectral of farmland by remote sensing can understand the sources, properties and degree of farmland soil pollution. Remote sensing combined with model and GIS can estimate the agricultural non-point source pollution quantificationally and evaluate the complex pattern within agricultural non-point source pollution. By the integrated application of “3S” technology, the models and various management measures can be combined to forecast non-point source pollution and to provide the base for governing agricultural non-point source pollution.

  The environment parameters of extreme precipitation weather in Shandong Province 2015, 31 (5):  189-194.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2247 Abstract + ( 983 )   PDF ( 609KB )   ( 2352 ) The threshold of extreme precipitation in short-time in Shandong province are calculated by traditional ranking method、Zindex method and square root transformation method in this paper, it could be found that the extreme precipitation threshold in central and southeast part of Shandong is higher than other regions, extreme precipitation of 1h and 3h have more occurrence numbers and higher intensity than that of 6h, 12h. Analyzes the evironmental parameters of eight extreme precipitation in recent years which are representative in Shandong, the conclusiones are: The middle and lower layer of the site which had extreme precipitation have high-humidity layer obviously; The low-level southwest jet provides extreme precipitation with abundant water vapor and unstable energy; Atmosphere in a state of flux, K≥37℃, TT≥41℃ and LI<0℃, the atmosphere has a certain accumulation of energy, CAPE≥500J/kg; Has high 0℃ layer height that all above 5km, the high reflectivity value area is below 6km;The clouds have thicker warm-layer which will be improve the efficiency of precipitation.

  Cyanobacteria accumulation effect on the water environment and submerged plant growth 2015, 31 (5):  195-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2644 Abstract + ( 951 )   PDF ( 539KB )   ( 542 ) Study on cyanobacteria outbreak caused by lack eutrophication, which is a global environment problem, has practical significance. Eutrophication process plays a key role in cyanobacteria outbreak, and caused water quality deterioration. In experimental under natural water environment from 12th,Aug, 2012 to 3rd,Sep,2012, through analysis on the differences of TN, TP and Chl a between enclosures with cyanobacteria and open water with no cyanobacteria, we studied the effects of Cyanobacteria accumulation on water environment and growth of submerged macrophytes. Results showed that: in enclosure with accumulation of cyanobacteria, the TN, TP and Chl a were higher than in open water contrast. Cyanobacteria accumulation resulted declining in biomass of the whole submerged community, and compares to great increase in open water contrast. Then comes to the conclusion: cyanobacteria accumulation caused nutrients increase in water environment, and then leaded to the density increase of alage and decrease of most submerged macrophytes except Myriophyllum verticillatum.

  Causative Analysis of the first Local Heavy Rainstorm Process in Weifang City in 2012 2015, 31 (5):  199-207.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1830 Abstract + ( 996 )   PDF ( 2298KB )   ( 1232 ) Based on the routine observational data, dense AWS data, NCEP/NCAR data and FY-2E data, an analysis of the first local heavy rainstorm process on 4 to 5 July 2012 in Weifang city is conducted. The result shows that the main influencing systems of the local heavy rainstorm are prior trough, low vortex shear line, low level Jet and cyclone. The area of local rainstorm corresponds to larger water vapor flux area and convergence center. The timing and location of super low level jet plays an important role in increase and emergence area of precipitation intensity. The surface mesoscale and microscale convergence center contributes to local rainstorm. The emergence of heavy rainstorm in Linqu regional station is related to special terrain. It occurred in the very stiff and dense section of moist isentropes and the area which is in the low troposphere of convective instability when MPV1 is less than 0 and has a larger growth about absolute value of MPV2. The changing range and intensity of the mesoscale convective cloud cluster has important indicating significance in heavy rainstorm development.

  The Physical Quantity Discussion of Two Rainstorms in Summer in Fuxin Zhang Xu,Xin Yanhui,Yang Xiaotong and Liu Jingjing 2015, 31 (5):  208-213.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2328 Abstract + ( 883 )   PDF ( 2719KB )   ( 440 ) By using the routine meteorological data and NECP 1° × 1° reanalysis data，we carried out contrastive analysis of the physical quantity of two rainstorm weather processes on July 1 and 15 in 2013 in Fuxin. The results showed that the edge of subtropical high southerly airflow provided good vapor conditions．Low-level convergence and high-level divergence field configuration enhanced the pumping effect of the atmosphere and led to strong vertical ascending motion over the heavy rain area. Precipitation occurred in the corresponding zone of local maximum rising speed, not the lower rising speed zone. The storm had a good corresponding relationship with the surface layer of water vapor flux distribution and the vertical felicity in Fuxin, zone of greater value of Potential Pseudo-equivalent Temperature was also prone to rainstorms.

  Characteristics and Change Trend of Frost Days in NingXia in Recent 50 Years Zhang Lei,Yang Yang,Zhang Xiaoyu,Yuan Haiyan,Jin Fei and Du Hongjuan 2015, 31 (5):  214-219.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1724 Abstract + ( 890 )   PDF ( 625KB )   ( 834 ) Based on the daily minimum temperature data at 20 meteorological stations in NingXia during 1961-2010, the frost days were calculated according to the climatic index on frost. Using climatic diagnosis methods，characteristics and change trend of frost days were studied. The results showed that the average number of frost days was 10.4 times each station every year. The spring frost days accounted for 58%, autumn frost days accounted for 42%. In the three regions，the sort order of the frost days was Yellow River irrigation area＜Middle Dry area＜South Mountain area. In recent 50 years, the total frost days, spring frost days and autumn frost days all showed the decreasing trend. Change trends of three regions were all similar with that of the whole autonomous region. Decadal variation showed that，before the 1980s, frost days were more than the average of 50 years, and after 1980s, frost days were less than the average of 50 years. Three regions’ decadal characteristics of frost days were similar with that of the whole autonomous region. Mutation of total frost days occurred in 1986, mutation of spring frost days occurred in 1991, but of autumn frost days occurred in 1974. In the background of global warming in the last 50 years, the frost days are in decline in NingXia. The study can provide a basis for the meteorological service of frost in Ningxia.

  Winter Wheat Planting Area Extraction Based on New Remote Sensing Data at County Level 2015, 31 (5):  220-227.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2279 Abstract + ( 1125 )   PDF ( 1430KB )   ( 2172 ) Abstract: Successful launch of the Landsat-8 satellite provides important new data source for agricultural remote sensing. Taking Yucheng County as the study area, to explore winter wheat planting area estimation method at county level based on Landsat-8 imagery. In order to expand the differences of spectrum feature between winter wheat and other surface features, select the imagery when winter wheat up growing season. According the spectral features differences between kinds of surface features to construct decision tree model of extraction winter wheat planting area. The results showed that: the extraction accuracy was 96.30% using of the original imagery of 30 m spatial resolution , the extraction accuracy was 99.17% using of the fusion imagery of 15 m spatial resolution, this method can provide technical support for the county's winter wheat area extraction.

  Research on Adjusted Coefficient Method for Leaf Area Measurement and Its Error Hu Lin 2015, 31 (5):  228-233.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2300 Abstract + ( 1227 )   PDF ( 793KB )   ( 1323 ) Plant leaf area calculation is the key content of plant field survey, it is the k in the traditional formula of plant leaf area s=kab, that cause difficulty to apply it for its varying with the difference species. In order to facilitate the correct choice of k values, nine kinds of representative plant leaves forms were selected as samples to calculate the k. the procedure of the k calculating was as, six indexes of the plant leaf was calculated with Image Pro Plus 6.0, those were the area of the plants leafs, ratio of the leaf area with the bounding rectangle of which, the maximum diameter, the minimum diameter, length and width. According traditional classification of plant leaves, the plants leafs was divided into four kinds by the ratio of the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter, these were lanceolate, long oval, ovoid and round, respectively, the values were 1/3, 1/2, 2/3 and 5/6. The test proved that, the average error of k was 4%; however, it was 20% when the k taken 2/3. When k value has been determined with the leaf forms, it is easier to choose the k value when working in fields. This will prompt the working efficiency due to its simplicity.

  The Digital Divide Phenomenon and Countermeasures of the Chinese Township Government in Administrative Process Zhang Donghong 2015, 31 (5):  234-242.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2633 Abstract + ( 951 )   PDF ( 621KB )   ( 942 ) In the development of global informatization construction, wide attention on the “digital divide” is mainly after a series of famous reports about 《Falling through the net》 published by NTIA. The digital divide is also an important research topic in the information construction in China. In the administrative process of townships, the digital divide phenomenon exists objectively. This article is to do a simple analysis and elaboration on China's digital divide, including divide macro background, the digitalization construction of township, the digital divide in the e-government construction and the digital divide close etc. The results showed that the digital divide phenomenon exists between China and developed countries, among different regions and different groups, in the process of internet using and popularization. The digital divide phenomenon exists objectively during the Chinese basic township government administrative process. It includes "external" and "internal" digital divide, cannot be completely eliminated, but can be narrowed by government-led efforts, strengthened capital investment, active learning of foreign advanced experience and joint social strength from all walks of life.

  Analysis of Academic Research Situation of Cotton Based on Paper by SCIE from 1998 to 2013 2015, 31 (5):  243-249.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2036 Abstract + ( 827 )   PDF ( 591KB )   ( 467 ) Using the research methods of literature metrology, statistic and analysis of the world cotton research literatures from 1998 to 2013 collected by Web of Science were carried out based on the literatures’ country/region, research institutions, funding, source publications, et al. After quantitative and qualitative analysis of the literatures in the past 16 years, the result objectively revealed the world cotton research papers in the field of production, distribution and development trend. The literature review was conducted on the basis of comparative analysis between China and the United States, the authors explored the international standing of cotton research of China in order to hold the world cotton research development trends.

  Study on the Social Stability Risk Evaluation of Major Land Consolidation Projects 2015, 31 (5):  250-255.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2257 Abstract + ( 940 )   PDF ( 661KB )   ( 1235 ) The construction of social stability risk evaluation mechanism, which apply to major land consolidation projects，is of a great practical significance on standardizing management of major land consolidation projects and other relevant affairs. Based on the whole lifecycle management requirements of major land consolidation projects, this paper systematically analyzed the connotation of social stability risk of major projects, and put forward the corresponding risk evaluation process. Moreover, we established the risk evaluation system by using the PSR model. The study indicated that: 1) The social stability risk of major land consolidation projects exist in different forms at various stages including the project demonstration, implementation and management. In term of that, risk evaluation should make a comprehensive analysis of risk factors that may exist in the whole process of land consolidation according to key tasks and characteristics of major projects at each management stage.2) The risk evaluation process should include risk survey, risk identification, risk evaluation and risk elimination.3)The risk evaluation system based on PSR model can reflect the whole affect process of the social stability risk from it’ s emergence, conduction, function and control, which provided a logical framework for the selection of risk evaluation indicators of major land consolidation projects.

  Empirical Analysis of Relationship between Logistics and Economic Growth Based on the Multiple Linear Reression model 2015, 31 (5):  256-264.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2612 Abstract + ( 1101 )   PDF ( 665KB )   ( 611 ) This paper is mainly in studying the relations between the economic growth of GDP and the logistics industry in Jiangsu Province. It focus on the whole province’s major economic index among 1986-2012 which including per capita GDP, total export-import volume, value-added of logistics industry, fixed investments, cargo throughput of port. It uses Eviews software to do the regression analysis of Jiangsu Province GDP and establishes the prediction models which affect it, such as value-added of logistics industry, cargo throughput of port etc. After making prediction about these above influencing factors, this paper also makes prediction to Jiangsu Province GDP. The fact shows that there is an obvious liner relation between value-added of logistics industry, cargo throughput of port and Jiangsu Province GDP. Therefore the continuous rapid healthy development of these two factors makes an active promotion to the expansion of Jiangsu Province GDP. The final result revels that the models possess better forecast effect and can provide basis and reference to Jiangsu Province when it makes out its own economic development.

  The difference research of formal loan in aquaculture: taking the small and medium aquaculture producers in flatfish aquaculture as an example 叶志彬 2015, 31 (5):  265-271.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2523 Abstract + ( 879 )   PDF ( 519KB )   ( 615 ) This paper took the random data from flatfish aquaculture enterprises as a sample, and used the variance analysis to study the difference in the lending channels, the reason of loan dilemma and the lending institution. The results showed that whether aquaculture producers used personal or business credit to obtain loans was affected significantly by the region factor. The level of understanding relevant financial policies was affected significantly by aquaculture producers’ education degree. And whether the aquaculture producers could get loan from Postal Savings Bank of China was affected by the scale of farming. At the same time, this paper pointed out that some factors such as the lack of financial products’ diversity, the lack of collateral and the insufficient of available collateral value, the complexity of lending procedures, high interest rates, lower cultural degree of aquaculture producers and the size discrimination impeded aquaculture producers to get formal loans. Finally, this paper put some policy recommendations to improve aquaculture enterprises formal loan dilemma.

  Study on Factors Affecting Farmer Cooperatives Loans of City Suihua 2015, 31 (5):  272-277.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100012 Abstract + ( 1000 )   PDF ( 603KB )   ( 649 ) Abstract: Difficulties in loan is the bottleneck restricting the development of Suihua specialized farmers cooperatives. Based on the survey data Suihua specialized farmers cooperatives, this paper empirically analyzes the factors which effect the loans of Suihua specialized farmers cooperatives, and comes up with corresponding policies and suggestions. The analysis finds the main factors, such as operation ability, intangible assets, silver club, president personal characteristics and the external environment, effect the loans of Suihua specialized farmers cooperatives. Among the factors, operation ability on obtaining cooperatives loan reflects on the fixed assets scale. Intangible assets does not have obvious influence on obtaining cooperatives loan. But silver social relations, president experience and the external environment have impact on obtaining cooperatives loan. Thus, this paper specifically puts forward some policies and suggestions, such as, strengthening the inclining policy and financial support, and the service function of rural financial institutions.

  Analysis of Affect Factors for the New Generation of Migrant Workers for Entrepreneurial ——Based on the Survey of Lanzhou 2015, 31 (5):  278-283.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2533 Abstract + ( 875 )   PDF ( 537KB )   ( 421 ) In order to analyze the related factors of the entrepreneurial behavior of the new generation of migrant workers, we had investigated on the 400 questionnaires in Lanzhou, and the factors-affecting were divided into three parts, such as the subject internal factors, the human capital factors and the outside environment factors . Furthermore, it was analyzed by the Binary Logistic Model. The results showed that the age was the major factors, it was compared with the gender and risk preference in the subject internal factors; Compared with vocational training, the education and working years were the major factors in the human capital factors; Compared with policy support, the household income and financial support were the major factors in the outside environment factors .

  India’s Agricultural Insurance Development and Its Suggestion for China 2015, 31 (5):  284-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2321 Abstract + ( 1492 )   PDF ( 604KB )   ( 696 ) It is particularly important and difficult to explore scientific national agricultural policy support for the fragile agricultural industry to cope with meteorological disasters in the context of climate change. China and India are both developing countries and their agriculture is endangered by the meteorological disasters. It could provide some reference for China by analysis of India's agricultural insurance development. At the stage of focusing on crop yield, India established State-owned specialized agricultural insurance company by legislation and provided many insurance services and premium subsidies to facilitate agricultural insurance business and improve operational efficiency, but the coverage was limited. At the stage of meteorological index insurance development, India’s agricultural insurance made some progress in extension for transparent and objective index of climate features and suitable marketing network, but these indices and farmers loss were not completely correlated and could led to farmers’ heavy loss and sometimes hopeless claims. At the stage of crop yield and meteorological index combination development stage, the yield and the meteorological index complemented each other and brought in agricultural insurance's improvement of coverage and claims efficiency and the government's strong support. India’s agricultural insurance development had some suggestions for China. Firstly, agricultural insurance was inextricably linked to meteorological hazard, the more obvious correlation between yield and weather index insurance, the greater development potential. Secondly, the introduction of competition mechanism could improve agricultural insurance’s efficiency and coverage since agricultural insurance was green box policy for government to support agricultural development. Thirdly, because China's per capita GNI was more than 3 times as that of India's and China had more superior political institution, the development of China's agricultural insurance should be better.