Abstract: In order to study the inheritance of the purple leaves in non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis (L.) Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee), a hybridization combination and its respective six-generations, Fl, F2, backcrosses Bl and B2 and their parents Pl and P2，were made with a purple and a green leaves in non-heading Chinese cabbage varieties. The content of anthocyanin in non-heading Chinese cabbage was determined by using the method of spectrophotometry at 540 nm, and the inheritance anthocyanin was analyzed by the segregation analysis of quantitative traits in multiple generations. The results showed that relative anthocyanin contents in leaves of crosses were between the parents, displayed one asymmetry peak or multimodal distribution，and it was much closer to the purple leave parent. The heritance of anthocyanin contents in leaves of non-heading Chinese cabbage fitted the pattern of E-0 mode1, which was additive- dominance- epitasis major gene plus additive- dominance- epitasis polygene. The major gene heritability was 59.17% and polygene heritability was 27.58% in F2 generations in the crosses, while the environmental variance accounted for 19.48% of the phenotypic variance. In the B1 (F1×purple) the major gene heritability reached 74.12% , so it was suggested artificial selection of purple leaves trait of non- heading Chinese cabbage could be carried out in the separation of the early generation on an ample light and suitable temperature day in fall, and it was more efficient in B1.