Abstract: In order to cope with climate change, explore drought and flood evolution law under the background of climate change and its effect on fruit tree production in Maijiqu, and effectively promote the industrialization of fruit tree production, by adopting statistic methods like YAMAMOTO and cumulative distance equality, the author carried out statistical analysis of evolution trend of air temperature and rainfall from 1979 to 2011. The results showed that the average temperature, the average maximum and minimum temperature increased in the 33 a by 0.31, 0.44 and 0.27℃/10 a, respectively, the temperature range of spring and summer was the largest in the four seasons. The mutation of annual average temperature occurred in 1994, the average temperature increased 0.7℃. Annual total precipitation and precipitation days all showed a trend of decrease, the precipitation tendency was at a rate of -7.29 mm/10 a, and the spring precipitation reduced most significantly, and tended to be at a rate of -7.3 mm/10 a. The rapid rise of the highest temperature and the sharp decline of rainfall were the main causes of climate warming. After climate warming, the frequency of drought increased in the spring, summer and autumn, the autumn rain waterlogging disasters slightly increased. Climate warming, on the one hand, caused the buds swelling and the warming premise advancing 5-7 d, fruit ripening advancing 9-10 d, fruit tree yield formation reducing 4-5 d from the flower bud expanding to the fruit mature stage; on the other hand, due to the asynchronism of the rise of maximum and minimum temperature in spring (the highest temperature rise significantly greater than the lowest temperature), the high temperature calcination and frost damage were aggravated in the flowering fruit-bearing stage of the fruit trees. The increases of rainfall in July and rain waterlogging disaster frequency were not conducive to coloring of apricot, peach, apple and pear.