Abstract: Straw waste is a major source of non-point source pollution. Yunnan Dianchi Lake basin is the production base and distribution center of fresh cut flowers and vegetables in China. Vegetables and flowers in processing and circulation are more than 4 million tones every year and generate a mass of waste at the same time. Those farmland solid wastes increase the difficulty in dealing with the non-point source pollution of the Dianchi Lake basin. The author selected 5 representative basin vegetables and flower stalks, and conducted immersion test and artificial rainfall simulation experiment in order to study the effects on water quality. The results showed that: (1) in the immersion test, the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the water reached the maximum at about 14 days and 21 days under the same level of straw dosing quantity, and the TN and TP of vegetable stalks were significantly higher than that of flower stalks, there was a significant positive correlation between TN, TP and the straw dosing quantity; (2) in the artificial rainfall simulation experiment, the TN and TP for vegetable and flower stalks reached the maximum value under moderate rain intensity, meanwhile, the TN and TP of the vegetable stalks were higher than that of flower stalks.