Dynamic of Growth and Development and Quantitative Yield Study on the Different Cultivation Factors Combinations of Maize

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010155

Abstract

Abstract: The study aims to clarify maize potential productivity under different cultivation combinations, thus further narrow the regional yield gap. The omission plot trial was carried out about the key cultivation factors (varieties, density, nitrogen fertilizer, mulching and supplementary irrigation) of dry-land maize in Jinzhong semi-arid area from 2013 to 2014 for two consecutive years. The study analyzed the dynamic of growth and development of different maize combinations and quantified the yield of different maize combinations. The results showed that the growth processes of optimized combinations were 3-4 days in advance compared with that of conventional combinations, maize plants of optimized combinations grew faster than that of conventional combinations, and had a larger leaf area index. During the whole maize growth and development period, dry matter accumulation of different combinations accounted for the different proportions in dry matter accumulation at maturity. At the early growth stage, accumulation of optimized combinations was slower than that of the conventional combinations, but from tasseling to filling stage (heading stage), the accumulation began to increase. While dry matter accumulation of conventional combinations accumulated rapidly at the vegetative growth stage, especially at the bell- tasseling stage, dry matter accumulation ratio reached a proportion of 53.16%, after that, the accumulation turned slowly. This showed that the accumulation advantage period of optimized combinations was in the middle and later growth period, while the stalk dry matter accumulation of conventional combinations in the vegetative growth period had a larger contribution to biomass, and filled grain at the heading stage of optimized combination had a larger contribution of biomass. The study also quantified the contribution of different factor combinations to yield, and further noted that yield gap was 2547.18 kg/hm² between optimized and conventional combinations. Therefore, by gradually optimizing cultivation combinations, yield potential could be improved in production.

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