Abstract: The scale management of family farm has been one of the hottest topics, which is drawing attention from academics and policy-makers. The paper sorted and summarized factors and research methods on family farm, and constructed the production function about family farm and the model between the optimum-scale and TFP based on the 60 sample data from Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone. The empirical study showed that: (1) natural resources, project, technical equipment, management ability, social service and social stability and other factors affected the scale of family farm; (2) the return to scale of Rice Family Farms in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone was 1.0412, indicating the existence of economies of scale; (3) the relationship between the scale and TFP was an “inverted U-shaped” curve, and at the same time, there was the maximum value of the TPF of family farm; when the TFP of family farm was the maximum value, the scale of family farm was 7.79 hectares. Finally, the author put forward policy recommendations and opinions based on research findings.