Abstract: In order to deeply explore and explain the scientific connotation of the new agricultural modernization, and build the index system of the new agricultural modernization, the author combined objective evaluation method (entropy weight method) and the subjective evaluation method (analytic hierarchy process) to determine the index weight, and conducted quantify calculation using the statistics data from Henan Province and its 18 cities of 2013. The results showed that the achieving rate of the new agricultural modernization in Henan Province was 57.73%, it had entered a stage of rapid development. The achieving rates of stable and high yield of grain, land productivity and modern agricultural equipment were higher, but the achieving rates of agricultural resources utilization, organization, standardization, farmers’ quality and the agricultural service system were low. The new agricultural modernization realization degrees were imbalanced among the 18 cities, the degree in hilly region was generally lower than that in plain region. In order to make sure that Henan Province could reach the goal of the new agricultural modernization, aiming at the short board in its new agricultural modernization, the author puts forward policy suggestions including developing farmers’ professional cooperatives and agricultural industrialization, cultivating new type farmers who are well-educated, skillful and good at farming, setting up the standard system on pre-production, in-production and post-production in agricultural production process, and constructing the modern agricultural service system which is whole course covering, comprehensive matching, convenient and efficient.