Abstract: With the increase of watermelon planting area, the occurrence area of watermelon wilt disease is gradually expanding and seriously affecting watermelon production. The fungus in the study was isolated from the root of wilt watermelon by PDA medium in the greenhouse of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute. It was identified as Fusarium oxysporum by the morphological analysis, the sequence character and the pathogenicity analysis. The sequence was 99% identified with the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, the mortality rate of watermelon was 96.7%. So it was confirmed that the pathogen was watermelon Fusarium wilt. To control the disease, the efficacy evaluation of Shenqinmycin was also carried out. The results were consistent with indoor bacteriostasis and field test in the greenhouse. The best control effect was 1% Shenqinmycin 100 times, the inhibition rate was 76.03% in PDA medium, the control rate in greenhouse was 58.86%. In order to reduce the losses caused by Fusarium wilt on watermelon, it was advised that 1% Shenqinmycin 100 times could be used for Fusarium wilt control in the field at the early time of the disease occurrence.