Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.28 Published:11 October 2016

  Characteristics of Radial Growth of Larix chinensis in Different Time Scales and Its Relationship with Environment Factors in the North Slope of Qinling Mountains Deng Meijiao,Wang Xiaoan,Han Bingbing and Li Jing 2016, 32 (28):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120171 Abstract + ( 1000 )   PDF ( 2033KB )   ( 395 ) This paper aims to explore the characteristics of radial growth of Larix chinensis in different time scales and its relationship with environment factors in Qinling Mountains. The dendrochronology and the quadrat method were used with 4 different time scales (i.e. at intervals of 1, 2, 5 and 10 years, respectively) and in four sample plots with different environments. The results showed that: (1) with increasing time scale, the radial growth increased first and then decelerated with the increase of tree age; (2) the one-way ANOVA analysis showed that the radial growth had no significant difference between Plot 1 and Plot 3 (P =0.810), so did that between Plot 2 and Plot 4 (P=0.369); however, the difference between the other pairs of plots was remarkably significant (P=0.000); (3) stepwise regression analysis showed that the radial growth was positively correlated to the soil thickness in 1 year time scale and negatively correlated to the slope and slope position in 2 year time scale; however, in other time scale i.e. 5 year and 10 year, the radial growth was positively correlated to bare rock degree, and negatively correlated to the slope; but the radial growth of the 4 time scales was not significantly correlated to the altitude. The experiment provided certain bases for exploring the characteristics of radial growth of L. chinensis in different time scales and the artificial cultivation of L. chinensis.

  Photosynthetic and Fluorescence Physiological Characteristics of Different Aged Picea mongolica Wang Fei,Liu Shizeng and Li Delu 2016, 32 (28):  7-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020005 Abstract + ( 819 )   PDF ( 681KB )   ( 400 ) The aim was to comparatively analyze the difference among different aged Picea mongolica. Different aged Picea mongolica were used as materials. Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system was used to detect the photoresponse and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The results showed that: (1) Pn reduced gradually with the increase of tree age, Pn of 5-year-old tree was the highest, LSP of 10-year-old tree was higher than that of 5- year-old and 20-year-old tree, which meant Pn of 10-year-old tree was the most active, it was the production period of maximum photosynthetic product, in the most exuberant life period; (2) chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of different aged Picea mongolica were not significantly different (P>0.05),ΦPSⅡ and ETR reduced with Picea crassifolia age increase,ΦPSⅡ and ETR of 5-year-old tree were the highest.

  Effect of Thinning Intensity on Growth of Larix principis-rupprechtii byUsing Survey Method of Circular Sample of Target Tree Ren Da,Zhang Yunxiang,Guo Jinping,Wang Jianrang and Chen Shunzhi 2016, 32 (28):  11-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050093 Abstract + ( 925 )   PDF ( 1562KB )   ( 453 ) In order to understand the effect of thinning on the growth of Larix principis-rupprechtii natural forest, we investigated the Larix principis-rupprechtii natural forest which was thinned in different intensities before 1998 in Guandi mountain by using survey method of circular sample of target tree. The result showed that with the thinning intensity increased, single tree’s volume and biomass were increased too, but the results were not significantly different from each other. Three different thinning intensities had significantly effect on Larix principis-rupprechtii stand’s total volume and biomass, the stand’s volume and biomass were significantly depleted by heavy thinning treatment. The growth of larch tree’s DBH was significantly promoted by moderate and heavy thinning treatments. Taking moderate thinning treatments could increase the total stand biomass, heavy thinning measures could be used actively in large diameter timber production.

  Growth and Physiological Response of Hybrid Seedlings of Fraxinus to NaCl Stress Liu Cuilan,Wu Dejun,Wang Kaifang,Li Li and Yan Liping 2016, 32 (28):  16-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010152 Abstract + ( 885 )   PDF ( 1676KB )   ( 364 ) In order to discuss the salt resistance of four hybrid combinations of Fraxinus seedlings, 1-year-old hybrid seedlings of Fraxinus were used to study the physiological response to different salt concentrations (0‰, 4‰, 8‰ and 12‰). The results showed that No.6 hybrid seedling presented the highest salt resistance in four combinations. The growth indexes of all hybrid seedlings decreased with the increase of salt concentrations, but only slight decrease was measured in No.6 hybrid seedling. The electric conductivity increasing rate of No.6 hybrid seedling was the lowest and MDA content was also the lowest under salt stress among all the combinations, the activities of SOD and POD in leaves of No.6 hybrid seedling were significantly higher than that of others. Meanwhile, the increasing rate of Pro, soluble sugar and chlorophyll of No.6 hybrid seedling was significantly higher than that of others. No.6 hybrid seedling showed significantly higher activities of antioxidant enzyme, which could lower the damage of mesophyll cell, keep better integrity of cell membrane, lower the level of membrane lipid peroxidation and the loss of chlorophyll, increase photosynthesis and accumulate more photosynthetic product, thus this hybrid seedling had relatively quick plant growth and high salt resistance. This study might lay a theoretical foundation of salt-tolerant breeding of Fraxinus.

  Effect of Freezing Temperature and Time on Cold Resistance Indices of Walnut Shoots Zaituniguli·Kuerban,Tuerxun·Tuerhong,Ye Kai and Ji Chunrong 2016, 32 (28):  22-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020010 Abstract + ( 1320 )   PDF ( 551KB )   ( 350 ) The aim was to determine the cold resistance of two walnut species ‘Wen-185’ and ‘Xin-2’ under different freezing temperatures and storage time. Walnut shoots were stored under room temperature (CK) and manual simulated low temperature for 5, 12, 24 h. The contents of soluble sugar, MDA, proline and SOD were detected and compared. The results showed that MDA, soluble sugar and proline of the two species with the same storage time but different temperatures differed slightly. The contents of soluble sugar of both species under the treatment of -10℃ for 5 h were higher than that of other treatments, increased by 2.54% and 0.56% compared with that of CK. MDA content of ‘Wen-185’ shoots decreased gradually under lower temperature stress, while MDA content of ‘Xin-2’ increased first, then decreased, and increased again. The low temperature caused some damages to the walnut shoots, but the proline did not change significantly in the whole process, so the proline content had no obvious correlation with frozen injury. SOD enzyme activity showed a decreasing trend, SOD enzyme activity of ‘Wen-185’ showed a decrease-increase-decrease-increase trend with the decrease of the storage temperature in 5, 12, 24 h treatment. The decreasing trend of SOD enzyme activity was clear in ‘Xin-2’ with the decrease of storage temperature in 5, 12, 24 h treatment. The soluble sugar and MDA contents had a great influence on the cold resistance of walnuts shoots. The comprehensive analysis of the physiological and biochemical indexes of cold resistance inferred that the cold resistance of ‘Wen-185’ was higher than that of ‘Xin-2’.

  Influence of Scion Storage Methods and Time on Grafted Seedling Growth of Oil-tea Camellia Peng Shaofeng,Lu Jia,Chen Longsheng,Ma Li,Wang Rui,Chen Yongzhong and Wang Xiangnan 2016, 32 (28):  28-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060044 Abstract + ( 963 )   PDF ( 473KB )   ( 533 ) To evaluate the effect of scion storage methods and time on the growth of grafted seedlings of oil-tea camellia by comparing the survival rate, height, ground diameter and leaf number of seedlings, current-year-old spring shoots from oil-tea camellia were employed in this experiment. The results showed that the value of the survival rate, height, ground diameter and leaf number of seedlings of the treatment of grafting with fresh scion was higher than those of four different storage treatments. The survival rate was more than 50% when the scions were stored in moistened sand for 2 days, in water for 3 days, in normal temperature for 5 days and in low temperature for 2 days. Among four kinds of storage treatments, the maximum value of the height, ground diameter and leaf number of seedlings occurred on the first day, but the appeared time of the minimum value was different. In general, scion should be grafted as fresh as possible in order to increase the survival rate of grafting, and the storage time should not be more than 5 days.

  Influence of Topping Mode in Different Transplanting Periods on the Characteristics of 2016, 32 (28):  34-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010097 Abstract + ( 944 )   PDF ( 699KB )   ( 451 ) Abstract: In order to study the influence of topping method in different transplanting periods on the cutting characteristics of "Honghuadajinyuan" upper leaves, field randomized block experiment was carried out. According to the results, the topping of central red flowers during blooming and topping during full-bloom stage adopted on March 25, the topping of central flowers during blooming adopted on April 1, and the topping of central flowers during blooming adopted on April 5 can reduce the nicotine content of upper leaves, increase the nicotine content of lower leaves as well as improve the overall quality of tobacco leaves. To sum up, early transplantation of tobacco leaves in conjunction with topping of central flowers during blooming and topping during full-bloom stage can effectively reduce the nicotine content of upper leaves.

  Screening Key Factors Affecting Chemical Compositions of Kungming ‘Hongda’ Tobacco by Correspondence Analysis Method Qian Facong,Ouyang Jin,,Yang Yongping,Xie Yonghui,Wan Lei,Wang Panlei,Lu Yao and Chen Shihua 2016, 32 (28):  41-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040109 Abstract + ( 1174 )   PDF ( 1552KB )   ( 441 ) The chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco is an important factor to evaluate the quality. The regional differences of chemical composition characteristics are significant according to varying altitude, soil condition, nutrient management and cultivation management. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the combined effects of these factors on chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco. In this study, soil samples and flue-cured tobacco samples were selected, detected and analyzed in 36 sites with various soil conditions and agricultural activities. According to factors of altitude, soil condition, nutrient management and cultivation management, the cluster analysis was carried out by using DPS software, and the chemical compositions and the agricultural production condition were examined with correspondence analysis. The results showed that: (1) the successive order of factors affecting the chemical compositions of ‘Hongda’ was soil conditions, nutrient management, cultivation management and altitude, despite its comparatively less effect, altitude had a correlation with chemical compositions; (2) there was a strong relationship between the combination of the production factors and the chemical compositions of tobacco leaves, namely, the quality of flue-cured tobacco was not determined by a single factor, but by the combination of each factor. In this study, the quality of chemical composition was relatively high when tobacco was planted in dry red soil; in continuous cropping, the previous crop should be free or legume; the growth duration should be less than 140 days after transplanting, with more than 17 remained tobacco leaves; farm manure should be 0-7500 kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer should be less than 60 kg/hm2, potash fertilizer should be higher than 225 kg/hm2.

  Influence of Organic Fertilizers on Photosynthesis of Tobacco Yang Delian,Li Xiangying,Zhao Wenchao,Guan Ensen,Tian Haidong,,Wang Dahai,Gao Kai and Liu Zhenyu 2016, 32 (28):  47-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030041 Abstract + ( 555 )   PDF ( 1198KB )   ( 577 ) In order to explore the influence of organic fertilizer application on tobacco growth, treatments of five types of organic fertilizers and one conventional chemical fertilizer were conducted, and the difference of photosynthesis of tobacco was analyzed. The results showed that at the testing time, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), water use efficiency (WUE), transient light energy utilization efficiency (SUE) and transient carboxylation rate (CUE) of fermented bean cake treatment were higher than that of other treatments, the value of the above indexes was 23.97 μmol/(m2·s), 8.5302, 0.1354 mol/(m2·s) and 0.0145, respectively. However, all the indexes of tobacco straw treatment were lower than that of other treatments, whose Pn was only 80.00% of that of the chemical fertilizer treatment and 72.55% of that of bean cake fertilizer treatment. There were differences of stomatal conductance (Gs) and WUE between the two organic fertilizer treatments of livestock waste and the fermented cow dung, and the difference of other indexes was not significant. In conclusion, there were significantly different influences of fertilizers on tobacco photosynthesis, all the organic fertilizers could keep fine photosynthesis and transpiration except the treatment of tobacco straw. The results implied that organic fertilizers not only provided nutriment, but also had the effect of soil improvement. This study has certain significance to soil improvement in tobacco field with long term continuous cropping and large amount of chemical fertilizer application.

  Analysis of Chlorine Absorption Kinetics of Flue-cured Tobacco Fu Xiaohong,Tu Naimei,Hou Fangzhou and Yang Xuchu 2016, 32 (28):  52-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070047 Abstract + ( 617 )   PDF ( 1794KB )   ( 348 ) In order to reveal the rules of chlorine absorption and utilization in flue-cured tobacco, a hydroponic experiment was carried out to explore the absorption kinetics of flue-cured tobacco varieties ‘K326’ and ‘Xiangyan 5’ in Hoagland’s nutrient solutions with six different chlorine concentration gradients. The effects of flue-cured varieties, chlorine content in tobacco plant and the chlorine concentration in the medium solution were compared. The results showed that (1) at low to moderate chlorine level (0-0.8 mmol/L), the relationship between root chlorine absorption rate and chlorine concentration accorded with the model of enzyme kinetics; (2) ‘Xiangyan5’ and ‘K326’ showed high affinity and higher absorption rate at low to moderate chlorine level, which indicated that low chlorine level was benefit to chlorine absorption; (3) the absorption potential of tobacco plants with low chlorine content was greater than that with high chlorine content.

  Adaptability Evaluation of Amorphophallus albus Liu Erxi,Yang Chaozhu,Zheng Xiaojiang,Mou Fanggui,Qin Yu,Pan Yani,Wu Ping,Wang Lin,Xiong Kun and Xie Yimei 2016, 32 (28):  57-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030019 Abstract + ( 988 )   PDF ( 1288KB )   ( 472 ) Introduction is the premise for large scale cultivation and gene exchange. The authors evaluated adaptability of Amorphophallus germplasm in Enshi by regional trial, manipulative field experiment and laboratory test. The results showed that: in 450-1250 m altitude region of Enshi, Amorphophallus albus could overwinter, grow and develop normally, and complete its life cycle in more than 4 years. The vegetative propagation test showed that the number of rhizome increased with the bulbous mass, the ratio of rhizome mass to total mass was 56.93%, its propagation coefficient was 9.83, higher than 3.88 of Qingjiang A. konjac. The sexual propagation test showed that the florescence was short, generally 5-10 d, florescence extended with the increase of population number, the average seed number was 54 for mean individual, and the hundred-grain weight was 19.18, 17.05, 26.14 g respectively during 2010-2012, the average was 23.93 g, 77.52% higher than that of A. konjac (13.48 g ) in the corresponding year. Drought stress seriously affected the propagation, mainly reduced the number of rhizomes and the ratio of rhizome mass. KGM content in flour and flour yield showed that the quality of Amorphophallus albus was better than that of A. konjac, while the 40-100 mesh flour yield could be used to quickly evaluate albus quality. Amorphophallus albus was unsuited for field cultivation in Enshi, but it could be used in breeding, while evaluation indexes such as anti-disease resistance, photosynthesis and high-temperature resistance should be added to construct the introduction evaluation system for Amorphophallus resources.

  The Relationship Between Genetic Distance and Heterosis in Cucumber Wu Lidong,Liu Liansheng,Xu Xiaoming,Zhong Jinxian,Liu Yating and Luo Ying 2016, 32 (28):  64-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040122 Abstract + ( 815 )   PDF ( 634KB )   ( 429 ) The aim is to study the relationship between genetic distance and heterosis, and to provide basic genetic theory for cucumber variety breeding. The materials consisted of five female parents, six male parents and their 29 Fl hybrids obtained by half diallel method. The heterosis analysis and cluster analysis were performed to study 7 quantitative characters of 11 cucumber germplasms. The correlation between genetic distances and heterosis was analyzed by using the 7 quantitative characters in cucumber. The results showed that the heterosis of all quantitative characters was positive. The heterosis of plant height, the number of yielded melons and the single plant yield was the most obvious, but the heterosis of single fruit weight, the number of female flowers, the length of fruits and the size of fruits was relatively weak. 11 cucumber germplasms were classified into 3 groups. There was no definite relationship between the geographic distance and the genetic distance. The relationship of genetic distance of plant height, the number of yielded melons, the single plant yield, the length of fruits and the size of fruits between parents and mid-plant heterosis and heterobeltiosis was highly significant. The heterosis of most characters increased with the genetic distance. To evaluate cucumber germplasms, geography origin should not be the only standard. Selecting parents with larger genetic distance might gain stronger heterosis.

  Effect of SA Soaking on α-amylase Activity of Marrow Squash Seeds under NaCl Stress Zhou Zhengxiao 2016, 32 (28):  70-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020059 Abstract + ( 725 )   PDF ( 2369KB )   ( 267 ) The research aimed to study the effects of salicylic acid (SA) soaking on α-amylase activity of marrow squash seeds under salt stress. SA soaking of different concentrations, temperatures and time was studied under salt stress, and the soaking conditions were optimized with response surface software. SA soaking effects on α-amylase activity were analyzed. The results showed that soaking temperature had the strongest effect on α-amylase activity, while soaking time had the weakest effect. The optimal concentration of SA was 1.0 mmol/L, the optimal soaking temperature was 30℃, and the optimal soaking time was 18 h in single factor test. The maximum parameter of α-amylase activity optimized by response surface methodology was SA concentration of 1.09 mmol/L, soaking temperature of 28.26℃ and soaking time of 18.94 h. Under this condition, the value of α-amylase activity was 0.264455 mg/(g·FW·min) with 97.98%closeness of the theoretical value. The value of α-amylase activity was the maximum in the optimal soaking condition, indicating that the seed germination of marrow squash in this soaking condition was the best.

  Research Progress of Anti-tumor Effects of Wild Fruit Trees Wei Xiaoxia,Wu Rujian,Pan Shaolin,Zhang Jingfang,Chen Jin and Ye Xinfu 2016, 32 (28):  77-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060155 Abstract + ( 838 )   PDF ( 564KB )   ( 467 ) China has abundant wild fruit tree resources. Scholars have paid much attention to medical resources in wild fruit trees which have inhibitory effects on cancer. In vivo or vitro anti-tumor experiments showed that extracts of some wild fruit trees, such as Ginkgo biloba, Akebia trifoliata, Gardenia jasminoides, Phyllanthus emblica, Maclura tricuspidata, Elaeagnus, had great effects on killing tumor cells. The results of these experiments also showed that anti-tumor mechanism might play an important role in improving body immune functions. We summarized the research progress of medical ingredients, inhibiting effects on tumor cells and anti-tumor mechanism of the above wild fruit tree species. The research could provide a reference for development and reasonable application of wild fruit trees’ medical value. Finally, we made an outlook on prevention and treatment of tumor by using medicinal-type wild fruit trees in the future.

  Effects of Garden Waste Compost on Tagetes erecta Growth Under Different Conditions Li Yajun,Ge Ruixue,Liu Yueqiu,Cai Jianchao,Zhang Ze,Yu Feng and Gao Jipeng 2016, 32 (28):  83-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020009 Abstract + ( 685 )   PDF ( 1830KB )   ( 381 ) The effective collection and composting of garden waste can make it a good cultivating substrate and accelerate plant growth at the same time. The aim of this experiment was to study how the garden waste compost products influenced the growth and blooming of Tagetes erecta under the different conditions of matters, microbial inoculums and water contents. The results demonstrated that when using the mixture of pig manure and fallen leaves as the compost substrate, the water content of 65% and the ventilation time of 10 min/d constitute the most appropriate composting condition of the garden waste, under this condition, the highest morphological comprehensive evaluation index of Tagetes erecta plant was obtained regardless of any microbe additive. Therefore, compost with No. 3 microbial inoculum Aspergillus sp. was most beneficial for Tagetes erecta growth, and could be a possible choice for foliage plant cultivation. Compost with No. 2 microbial inoculum Streptomyces sp. benefited not only Tagetes erecta growth but also its flowering, and could be an appropriate additive microbial inoculum for flowering plant cultivation.

  Effects of Light Environment in Artificial Community on Growth andOrnamental Quality of Clerodendron trichotomum Liu Xueli,Chen Yue,Wu Ruining and Sun Xianzhi 2016, 32 (28):  90-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020082 Abstract + ( 1223 )   PDF ( 668KB )   ( 432 ) In artificial cultivation community, the effects of different light intensities on growth characteristics and ornamental quality of Clerodendron trichotomum were studied. The growth index and ornamental quality of Clerodendrum trichotomum were measured using common measuring methods, and the photosynthesis was tested with TPS-2 portable Photosynthetic apparatus. By optical microscope (Olympus CX-31) ×40 times, the photographs of the stomatal characteristics were taken with digital microscopic imaging system (DP-20 Olympus) camera, calibrated by digital distance software Motic Images Advanced 3.0. The results showed that with light intensity decreased, the leaf size decreased in different degrees, but the specific leaf area increased. Dry weight/ fresh weight decreased, while the relative content of chlorophyll increased first and then decreased, and reached the maximum under 81% sunlight. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance decreased, but the intercellular CO2 concentration increased. Stomatal size and stomatal density decreased, the stomatal opening increased first and then decreased, and reached the maximum under 81% sunlight. Ornamental quality was also very different: under 81% sunlight, the initial stage of floret, initial flowering stage and the full bloom stage were advanced, and the inflorescence length reached the maximum. With the decrease of light intensity to less than 44% sunlight, the flowering period was significantly delayed, and the ornamental time was shortened. The diameter of inflorescence, the floret number of single inflorescence, the total number of inflorescences and the length of inflorescence were significantly reduced. Consequently, the study illustrated that appropriate shading was conducive to promote the growth and the ornamental quality of Clerodendrum trichotomum, but adverse effects would appear if the shading exceeded a certain degree.

  Screen of the Best Fertilization Scheme for Philodendron Zhong Yu,Li Wenting,Zhang Zhisheng,Zeng Ruizhen,Xie Li and Guo Herong 2016, 32 (28):  97-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030017 Abstract + ( 631 )   PDF ( 3462KB )   ( 357 ) To provide the best fertilization scheme for industrial production of Philodendron, two varieties of Philodendron were employed in a pot experiment. The authors studied the impact of 7 fertilization treatments on growth and nutrition uptake of Philodendron. The results showed that, fertilization can increase the nutrition uptake and promote the growth of Philodendron. Under fertilization treatment, plant height, leave length, leave width, stem diameter, stem length, and biomass increased. Among all the fertilization treatments, when controlled release fertilizer was used as base fertilizer and faster-release fertilizer as addition fertilizer, the growth of Philodendron was the best; however, when faster-release fertilizer was served as base fertilizer and faster-release fertilizer or foliar fertilizer as addition fertilizer, the growth of Philodendron was unsatisfied.

  Sterile Rapid Propagation Technique of Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. Cui Zhongyi,Liu Fang,Yuan Youmei,Tang Yinghong and Chen Jianrong 2016, 32 (28):  105-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020108 Abstract + ( 903 )   PDF ( 1004KB )   ( 500 ) The aims were to study the effects of different culture conditions on regeneration status of adventitious bud and rooting rate of Hydrocotyle vulgaris L., and screen the optimal culture condition. Using auxiliary stems (about 1.0 cm) of Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. as explants, adventitious bud induction, multiple shoots proliferation and plant regeneration were the focal points in the research. The results showed that type and mass concentration of growth regulator had obvious effects on sprouting time and regeneration rate of adventitious bud. The proliferation rate was 89%, and the rooting rate was 98%. The culture condition was illumination intensity 1500 lx, illumination time 12 h/d and culture temperature 25℃. The effective medium for cluster buds-inducing was MS 6-BA 0.12 mg/L NAA 0.3 mg/L. The effective medium for rooting rate was MS 6-BA 0.3 mg/L NAA 0.15 mg/L.

  Study on the Total Flavonoids of the Pigeonpea Leaves in Different Growth Periods 2016, 32 (28):  110-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050062 Abstract + ( 943 )   PDF ( 840KB )   ( 480 ) To improve the use value of the pigeonpea leaves and exploit the pigeonpea resources reasonably, the total flavonoids of leaves were tested from 131 pigeonpea accessions at flowering stage, and the dynamics trends of total flavonoids of pigeonpea leaves in different harvesting time were determined. Results showed that the total flavonoids content in the pigeonpea leaves increased with time from 75 days after seeding to fluting period, the highest values were found in the fluting period. If taking the flavonoids as the index component for quality determination of pigeonpea leaves, the pigeonpea resources with high flavonoids content and the best harvesting time for pigeonpea leaves were obtained from our study. Therefore, the research offered reference for the right species, collecting time and quality evaluation of pigeonpea leaves.

  Application Effect of 5% Amino Oligosaccharide AS in Pepper Peng Changjia,Bai Tikun,Feng Chuanhong,Zhang Wei and Yang Yuheng 2016, 32 (28):  116-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030106 Abstract + ( 1245 )   PDF ( 608KB )   ( 506 ) In order to increase the disease resistance of pepper, decrease the chemical pesticides usage, residue and environmental pollution, the methods of forecasting, randomized block design and statistical analysis were adopted to conduct field efficacy trials for testing the disease resistance of pepper by using plant immune inducer- amino-oligosaccharin. The results showed that after applying 750 and 1000 times liquid of 0.5% amino-oligosaccharin AS and 1000 times liquid of triacontanol (drug control) 3 days and 28 days after planting, and at young fruit stage, the antiviral effects were 97.6%, 69.0%, 76.2%; 94.1%, 63.5%, 72.9%; 87.0%, 63.9%, 72.2%; and 75.5%, 49.1%, 54.7%, respectively, on the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th day after applying pesticide. The dark mildew control effects were 84.6%, 71.2%, 73.1%; 84.1%, 70.5%, 72.7%; 80.8%, 68.8%, 69.7%; and 72.2%, 53.7%, 55.6%, respectively, on the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th day after applying pesticide. As well as the phytophthora blight control effects were all up to 100% after applying pesticide. These results manifested that the use of 0.5% amino-oligosaccharin AS could promote the nutrition growth and branch of pepper. Compared with that of the water control, the pepper yields of the treatments of 750 and 1000 times liquid of 0.5% amino-oligosaccharin AS and drug control were 30.2%, 13.3%, and 18.2% lower, respectively. And the sales revenues and net incomes were reduced by 21505.92, 9453.18, 12995.55 yuan and 21773.92, 9685.18, 13199.55 yuan. The yields of water control was significantly higher than that of the three treatments; the yields of 1000 times liquid of 0.5% amino-oligosaccharin AS and drug control was significantly higher than that of 750 times liquid of 0.5% amino-oligosaccharin AS; the yields of 1000 times liquid of 0.5% amino-oligosaccharin AS and that of drug control showed no difference.

  Effects of Bio Fumigation on Inhibition of Cucumber Fusarium Wilt, Quality and Yield of Cucumber Wang Dejiang,Yang Zichao,Qiao Shijia,Kang Chunsheng,Yuan Rui,Yao Xiaotong,Hu Xiaoxuan and Li Shumin 2016, 32 (28):  125-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020039 Abstract + ( 786 )   PDF ( 1340KB )   ( 445 ) Using traditional chemical pesticides to disinfect soil and control crop wilt disease can kill pathogens as well as cause pesticide residues and environmental pollution, thus to find a new way to control soil-borne diseases is an urgent task. In this experiment, three different types of Brassica containing glucosinolates (mustard, red round turnip, and autumn and winter cabbage) were used to carry out biofumigation on Fusarium oxysporum soil, and taking non-Brassica spinach and chemical pesticides as CK, by pot experiments and greenhouse tests, the authors studied biofumigation inhibition on wilt, as well as its impact on quality and yield of cucumber. The results showed that the effect of mustard biofumigation on cucumber morbidity, disease index, disease prevention was 25.0%, 25.0% and 52.9%, respectively, significantly higher than that of other treatments. Under the treatment of small mosaic mustard and red round turnip fumigation, cucumber fruit vitamin C, soluble sugar and soluble solids content were significantly higher than that of the chemical pesticide treatment and non-Brassica fumigation treatment. The cucumber yield under the treatment of small mosaic mustard and red round turnip fumigation was 10.89 and 10.07 kg/m2, respectively, which was 1.81 and 1.56 times as much as that of CK. Biological fumigation could significantly promote the growth of cucumber, and has certain inhibiting effect on cucumber Fusarium wilt.

  Identification of Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon and Efficacy Evaluation of Shenqinmycin Wu Huijie,Fan Linjuan and Gu Qinsheng 2016, 32 (28):  131-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020018 Abstract + ( 1065 )   PDF ( 1524KB )   ( 600 ) With the increase of watermelon planting area, the occurrence area of watermelon wilt disease is gradually expanding and seriously affecting watermelon production. The fungus in the study was isolated from the root of wilt watermelon by PDA medium in the greenhouse of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute. It was identified as Fusarium oxysporum by the morphological analysis, the sequence character and the pathogenicity analysis. The sequence was 99% identified with the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, the mortality rate of watermelon was 96.7%. So it was confirmed that the pathogen was watermelon Fusarium wilt. To control the disease, the efficacy evaluation of Shenqinmycin was also carried out. The results were consistent with indoor bacteriostasis and field test in the greenhouse. The best control effect was 1% Shenqinmycin 100 times, the inhibition rate was 76.03% in PDA medium, the control rate in greenhouse was 58.86%. In order to reduce the losses caused by Fusarium wilt on watermelon, it was advised that 1% Shenqinmycin 100 times could be used for Fusarium wilt control in the field at the early time of the disease occurrence.

  Genetic Diversity and Clustering Analysis of Blueberry Resources by CDDP Markers Fang Wenxiu,Xia Xiuying,An Lijia and Peng Qiang 2016, 32 (28):  136-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020078 Abstract + ( 982 )   PDF ( 1515KB )   ( 446 ) For evaluating and utilizing blueberry resources scientifically and effectively, the genetic diversity among 32 blueberry resources by conserved DNA-derived polymorphism (CDDP) markers and the correlation between CDDP markers and biological characters of blueberry were analyzed in this study. CDDP primers were screened according to their polymorphism and legibility. DNA samples of 32 blueberry resources were amplified by CDDP primers. The genetic diversity and relationship among resources were analyzed based on the statistical result. Using selected 17 informative and reliable primers, 188 (90.82%) polymorphic and 17(8.21%) specific bands were detected out of 207 bands among 32 blueberry accessions. At population level, the effective number of alleles, Nei’s gene diversity (H) and Shannon’s information index (I) was 1.59, 0.37 and 0.56, respectively. All 32 blueberry accessions could be distinguished with 2 primers combination. The SM similarity coefficient among different genotypes varied from 0.44 to 1.00 with an average of 0.73. The dendrogram constructed by UPMGA method showed that all the accessions could be divided into three major groups at similarity coefficient of 0.69, Vaccinium uliginosum L. was separated from other cultivars and clustered to one group, low bush cultivar ‘Blomidon’ and half high bush cultivar ‘Northblue’ were clustered into one group, and the other 29 cultivars clustered into one group. CDDP markers could effectively reveal the genetic diversity of blueberry resources. It was shown that the clustering partly corresponded to cold resistance, chilling requirement and fruit color of blueberry resources. The results demonstrate that CDDP marker is a very effective and efficient tool for genetic diversity analysis, cultivar identification and molecular mark assisted breeding.

  Research Advances and Application Situation of Vallisneria in Water Environmental Restoration Zhang Rongmei,Ma Boxin,Yang Zhijie,Zhang Ying,Li Su,Yang Ping and Liu Hongbo 2016, 32 (28):  144-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020038 Abstract + ( 931 )   PDF ( 759KB )   ( 735 ) The paper aims to summarize the research status of the genus Vallisneria, which has high value in water ecological restoration. By means of reviewing nearly 30 years relevant researches on Vallisneria biological characteristics, the interaction with environmental factors and the application situation in engineering etc., it was considered that cultivating the species of Vallisneria methodically with other aquatic plants could benefit the landscape construction, and could also be useful for water ecological restoration. Meanwhile, existing problems in researches on this genus were pointed out in this paper. To achieving ecological restoration benefits, three issues were proposed for further study: (1) strengthening publicity and enlarging application; (2) standardizing plant maintenance and developing practical tools; (3) utilizing resources rationally and attaining sustainable development.

  Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata: the Influence on Water Environment Shang Yuanyuan,Guan Baohua,Zheng Jianwei and Kang Yuhui 2016, 32 (28):  155-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030204 Abstract + ( 1205 )   PDF ( 1472KB )   ( 639 ) The paper aims to study the influence of submerged plants Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata on water environment, Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata were planted alone and mixed under the restrained conditions. The authors comparatively studied the concentration difference of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonium nitrogen (NH4 -N), chlorophyll-a, total suspended mass (TSS) and total organic nitrogen (TOC) in the water of Vallisneria natans alone, Hydrilla verticillata alone and mixed of the two. The results showed that: the influence of Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata on water environment was different. When Vallisneria natans was planted alone, the content of total nitrogen (TN) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4 -N) in overlying water was higher than the other two processing methods, but the content of total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll-a, TSS and TOC were lower than that of Hydrilla verticillata planted alone and the mixed planting of the two. The results also showed that Vallisneria natans which could reduce the content of total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a in overlying water was better than Hydrilla verticillata, it had a good effect on maintaining water quality.

  Oolong Tea: Change of Rhizosphere Soil Fertility and Leaves Quality Without Fertilization Ye Jianghua,Wang Haibin,Chen Xiaoting and Jia Xiaoli 2016, 32 (28):  160-165.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020022 Abstract + ( 1158 )   PDF ( 1163KB )   ( 508 ) The paper aims to analyze the change of rhizosphere soil nutrient and quality of tea tree leaf, ‘Jinguanyin’, ‘Tieguanyin’ and ‘Huangjingui’ were used as materials, and physicochemical indexes of soil and quality indexes of tea tree leaf were measured under no fertilization in 2 years. The results showed that: (1) pH values of rhizosphere soil of the 3 kinds of tea trees all decreased with the increase of planting years; contents of organic matter and total nitrogen (N) were up toⅠ-level, and contents of total phosphorus (P) were up to Ⅲ-level; contents of total potassium (K) were at Ⅱ-level in 0-year-old soil and at Ⅲ-level in the 1-year-old and 2-year-old soil; contents of available N and K were at Ⅰ-level, Ⅱ-level, and Ⅲ-level in the 0-year-old, 1-year-old and 2-year-old soil, respectively; and contents of available P were at Ⅰ-level in the 0-year-old and 1-year-old soil, and Ⅲ-level in the 2-year-old soil; (2) quality indicators and indexes of tea tree leaf showed a downward trend with the increase of planting years under no fertilization, i.e., the change of contents of polyphenols was little, but that of theanine and caffeine had extremely significant difference. In conclusion, the demand characteristics of the 3 kinds of tea trees on soil nutrient differed under no fertilization may lead to the change of rhizosphere soil nutrient components, and then influence synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites related to the quality of tea tree leaf.

  Variation Trend of Field Trace Elements in Suburbs of Shenyang Cui Yongfeng and 李纪柏 2016, 32 (28):  166-169.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030123 Abstract + ( 641 )   PDF ( 436KB )   ( 345 ) In order to guide fertilization scientifically, the authors investigated the effects of different cultivation patterns on the variation trend of field trace elements (Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) during 15 years. 3974 soil samples were collected from paddy field, maize field and open vegetable topsoil in 2000 and 2014 respectively in suburbs of Shenyang, the results of indoor test showed that the variation range of available Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn was large, which was related to cultivation pattern directly. About 1/3 fields lacked Zn and most of them were rice and maize field. And the deficiency of B was common. The variation of other elements was not significant in this three cultivation patterns.

  Change Characteristics of Crop Climate Production Potential Under the Background of Climate Change in Western Guanzhong of Shaanxi Wang Chunjuan and He Kejie 2016, 32 (28):  170-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060152 Abstract + ( 810 )   PDF ( 2334KB )   ( 267 ) The paper aims to study the change laws of crop climate production potential in western Guanzhong of Shaanxi under the background of climate change. The authors chose the temperature and precipitation of 11 meteorological stations in Baoji from 1961 to 2010, used Tuynthwhite Memoral model to calculate and analyze the situation of crop climate productivity and its change trend in Baoji. The results showed that: climate productivity potential showed a decreasing trend in western Guanzhong; the annual and seasonal average temperature showed a significant upward trend and the precipitation showed a decreasing trend; climate warming and drying made crop climate productive potential decline in volatility with 35.69 kg/(hm2·10 a), the precipitation was the main limiting factor; the use ratio of climate production potential was 34.8% on average, so crop production had a big development potential. Under future climate scenarios, warm and humid climate will be most favorable for crop production, the average yield increase range will be 8.5%-22.5%, while cold and dry climate will be the most negative for crop production, the average yield decrease range will be 5.7%-20.8%.

  Flood Disasters: Impact on Social and Economic Development in Baoji During 1949-2009 Xu Yuxia 2016, 32 (28):  177-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020036 Abstract + ( 734 )   PDF ( 2148KB )   ( 410 ) The paper aims to understand the impact of recent flood disasters on social and economic development in Baoji. The author analyzed the flood disasters’ level sequence and their impact on people’s life and social and economic development by sorting and counting the local historical data for nearly 61 years in Baoji. The results showed that: flooding disasters happened 42 times during 1949-2009, almost once every 1.45 years on average; in this period, flood disasters of level-Ⅱ and Ⅲ were dominant which happened 36 times, accounting for 85.71% of the total number, flood disasters of level-Ⅳ was less and the level-Ⅰ was the least; in addition, before 1980, flood disasters had less impact on all aspects of people’s life and social and economic development; after 1980, flood disasters had heavy impact on agricultural production, social economy, transportation, people’s life and other aspects. Relevant departments should take on their duty of early warning and disaster preparedness, thus to minimize the impact of flood disaster on social economy in Baoji.

  Response Surface Methodology Optimizing Extraction Process of Oil from Panicum miliaceum L. Tian Xiang,Qiao Zhijun and 田琴 2016, 32 (28):  183-188.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030042 Abstract + ( 822 )   PDF ( 2420KB )   ( 451 ) In order to determine the optimum extraction process of oil fromPanicum miliaceum L., and analyze the fatty acid composition, based on the single factor experiment, oil yield was taken as the response target, central composite design of response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions, Soxhlet extraction method was used to extract oil. Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) was used to detect fatty acid composition of oil fromPanicum miliaceum L.. The results showed that taking petroleum ether as extraction solvent and making liquid-to-solid ratio at 20:1, extracting oil at the temperature of 80℃ and leaching for 30 min could get the best yield, which was 4.51%. GC-MS analysis showed that the main fatty acids of oil fromPanicum miliaceum L. were oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and linolenic acid, which were unsaturated and high-quality fatty acids.

  Research Advances in Enzymatic Browning of Fruits and Vegetables Wang Bin,Chen Mindong,Zhu Haisheng,Liu Jianting and Wen Qingfang 2016, 32 (28):  189-194.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020002 Abstract + ( 832 )   PDF ( 544KB )   ( 854 ) To study the material conditions and mechanisms of enzymatic browning in fruits and vegetables, the recent progress of control methods for enzymatic browning were reviewed in this paper. It was shown that the enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables resulted from the interaction of phenols, phenolic enzymes and active oxygen, which mainly occurred in post-harvest, storage and processing, and the control of oxygen content, phenols, and phenolic enzyme activity could effectively reduce or inhibit the enzymatic browning. However, as the factors causing enzymatic browning were complicated, and major enzymes, phenols and active oxygen metabolisms involved in enzymatic browning were quite different among various species, therefore, in-depth study on the mechanisms and control of enzymatic browning in fruits and vegetables using the modern biotechnology was one of the directions for further research.

  Extraction of Ellagic Acid from Pomegranate Peel Assisted by Ultrasonic Deng Xiaoli,Wu Yuchen and Chang Jingling 2016, 32 (28):  195-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020070 Abstract + ( 1258 )   PDF ( 1536KB )   ( 871 ) In order to solve the problem of insufficient extraction and low yield of ellagic acid through the single acid hydrolysis, we carried out some single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments based on acid hydrolysis, considering the influence of different extraction temperatures, time and ethanol concentrations on the extraction rate of ellagic acid. By the spectrum scanning for granatum ellagic acid sample from ultrasonic extraction under UV spectrophotometry optimal conditions, and the comparing with standard ellagic acid calibration curve and content calculation, we obtained the results that showed the optimum ultrasonic extraction condition was: the best extraction temperature of 60℃, the concentration of ethanol of 40%, and the ultrasonic extraction duration of 40 minutes. The extraction rate of ellagic acid was up to 18.07%, which was increased by 4%, compared with single acid hydrolysis method.

  Research Progress of Mallotus obongifolius in Hainan Yan Wuping and Li Juanling 2016, 32 (28):  200-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010109 Abstract + ( 846 )   PDF ( 584KB )   ( 781 ) Mallotus obongifolius is an evergreen shrub or small tree, which belongs to Euphorbiaceae and Mallotus. It is characterized with economical and medicinal values, such as clearing heat and detoxicating, antiphlogosis and cholagogic, greasy solution and aid digestion. Investigations were conducted on the morphological characteristics of Mallotus obongifolius, as well as its geographical and ecological distribution. The research work was systematically summarized, including analysis of the functional components of Mallotus obongifolius, toxicity test, pharmacological action and clinical application, molecular genetics and development process. Then, the authors put forward the necessity to clarify the flowering and fruiting stage, and to study the forming mechanism of leaf color and aroma components. Finally, the authors made an outlook on the pharmacological research of polyphenols in Mallotus obongifolius and the fully exploration of its various medicinal effects recorded in ancient traditional Chinese medicine books.