Abstract: The paper studied the effects of planting densities and fertilization level on the yield of Dioscorea deltoidea, in order to provide references for high efficiency cultivation. The orthogonal experiment was designed with five controllable factors, the planting density, organic manure, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and four levels, 16 experimental treatments and 3 repeats were conducted and the area was 12 m2. The results showed that the yields of the 16 experimental treatments were 6241.67- 26416.67 kg/hm2. The test F value of the four factors, planting density, potash fertilizer amount, organic manure amount and nitrogen fertilizer amount reached extremely significant level, F value of phosphate fertilizer amount reached significant level. The different treatments had significant effect on the yields of D.deltoidea. The best experiment combination was the planting density of 150000 plants/hm2, with the application rate of base fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer as 45000 375, 750 and 480 kg/hm2, respectively. Reasonable planting density and fertilization ratio could effectively improve the yield of D. deltoidea. Planting density, and the amount of potash fertilizer, base fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer were the key factors to affect the yields of D. deltoidea.