Abstract: The aim is to research the economic performance and mechanical behavior of photovoltaic agricultural greenhouses based on composite materials, and to clarify the practicability of using composite material instead of steel. [Method] In this paper, there are some analyses about the photovoltaic greenhouse framework by using numerical calculation and theoretical analysis from the following three aspects: the Midas FEA for bearing capacity and lateral deformation capacity of the framework of photovoltaic agricultural greenhouses, checking calculation for the bearing capacity of the bolt which at the most unfavorable node of photovoltaic greenhouse, and the analysis of economic performance from two aspects just like the surface maintenance and material consumption of frameworks. [Result]The results show the following. The composites framework the maximum stress of members is about 27.5kPa and the maximum displacement at the top of column is about 9.4mm, then the demand for bearing capacity and allowable displacement of the similar structure are satisfied; the bolt at the most unfavorable node of photovoltaic greenhouse is calculated, and its strength can meet the demand; through the comprehensive analysis from two aspects, namely, the surface maintenance and material consumption of frameworks, in terms of initial cost for each greenhouse, the composites framework is 300RMB more expensive than the steel framework, but in the course of using there is no required additional maintenance fee. [Conclusion] Therefore, from the perspective of sustainable development, the cost investment has not big difference in the case of using the same framework. The composite material is more environmentally and has no adverse effects on agricultural cultivation and planting. It can be concluded that the bearing capacity of the composite frame never lose to the steel frame greenhouses as long as the reasonable structure design.