Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.18 Published:28 June 2017

  Research Progress of APSIM Model and Its Application in China 齐永青,朱骥,肖登攀, and 2017, 33 (18):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100044 Abstract + ( 1904 )   PDF ( 1153KB )   ( 2104 ) Crop modelling can simulate crop growth in a variety of the simulation scenarios based on the present research experiments, predict some unknown risks, optimize the management measures of agricultural resources and provide scientific guidance for management of agricultural production. APSIM model is just typical representative of crop model. In order to study structure characteristics of APSIM model and its application in China, in the paper we expounded development history, the operational framework and module structure of APSIM model firstly, then we summarized the application of assessment under climate change in China and farmland management of APSIM model and its applications in climate zone of China. At last, some problems existing in the application of APSIM model in China are pointed out and we provided some suggestions for the application of APSIM model such as APSIM model combined with RS and GIS technology.

  Effects of Supplement Irrigation on Carbon Metabolism at Later Developing Stages and Yield of High-yield Wheat in Dry Land 林琪 2017, 33 (18):  7-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100050 Abstract + ( 994 )   PDF ( 1212KB )   ( 393 ) To study the potential of high-yield winter wheat in dry land, the effects of supplementary irrigation on carbon metabolism in late growth stage of high-yield winter wheat in dry land were studied. The results showed that supplementary irrigation obviously regulated the carbon metabolism index of flag leaf in dry land. With the increase of supplementary irrigation time, the changes of soluble sugar and sucrose content in leaf and stem showed a single peak curve, which rose first and then declined. Because of excessive water, soluble sugar content in grain of W4 was relatively low in the early filling stage. Sugar in nutritive organs of W2 was stably supplied at the filling stage, which provided enough synthesis substrate for the accumulation of grain starch. The SPS and SS activity in flag leaves were the highest in W2. It showed that by a certain agronomic measures, dry land could have higher capability of water storage and moisture conservation, thus to reach the goal of“the dry land which are not drought”to a certain degree.

  Allelopathy of Different Potato Varieties on Millet Germination 2017, 33 (18):  13-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030076 Abstract + ( 1235 )   PDF ( 1235KB )   ( 415 ) To study the allelopathy of potato extracts from different varieties and different plant parts on following crop millet, and screen out the previous crop potato varieties which are proper for the growth of millet, the potato extracts of different concentrations were prepared by using the ground part and the underground part of seven potato varieties respectively, and the seeds of millet were treated with the extract for the germination experiment. The results showed that all the extracts were significantly inhibited the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of millet. The inhibitory effect was enhanced with the increase of the extract concentration. The root length and vigor index of millet treated with every leaching solution were less than those of the control. The root length and vigor index showed a deceasing trend. The low concentration treatment promoted millet seedling height and fresh weight, while the high concentration treatment inhibited them. The allelopathy effects of different potato varieties on millet were different. In conclusion, the potato has allelopathy on the following crop millet, and‘Xingjia 2’,‘Feuray it’,‘Zhongshu No.5’have the least allelopathy on millet.

  Breeding of‘Hengyou 12’: A High-quality, High-yield, Salt-tolerance and Drought-resistance Hybrid Cotton Variety 2017, 33 (18):  21-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100022 Abstract + ( 1064 )   PDF ( 1077KB )   ( 316 ) Salt and drought tolerance, high yield and quality, disease and insect resistance are the new requirement for cotton variety in current cotton production. The authors took‘JD 28’(high progeny of upland cotton, sea-island cotton and wild cotton species) as female parent and‘GK55’(transgenicBt cotton variety) as male parent. Hybrid combinations were disposed based on the complementary principle of parental traits. Strong heterosis hybrid‘Hengyou 12’was selected under synchronous stress with disease, pest, salt and drought stress. This variety had many excellent characteristics, such as good resistance to disease and insect, high and stable yield, excellent quality, strong drought resistance and salt tolerance, and so on.‘Hengyou12’ was approved by Hebei Province in 2015 (Approval number: Jishenmian 2015005) and was suitable for planting in Mid-south region of Hebei and similar ecological and spring sowing cotton areas in the Yellow River Basin.

  The Optimum Period of Alfalfa Cutting under Drip Irrigation 2017, 33 (18):  25-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110149 Abstract + ( 971 )   PDF ( 1059KB )   ( 389 ) Medicago Sativa L.cv. Xinmu No.4 was taken as the experiment material to study the effect of cutting time on growth and yield and quality of Alfalfa under frequent drip irrigation, in order to provide basic data for alfalfa production. The results showed that different irrigation frequency had influence on the phenophase of Alfalfa. The phenophase with high-frequent irrigation (8 d/time) was delayed 2-3 d, compared with the low-frequent irrigation (15 d/time). At the flowering stage, the growth of plant height was slowed down. With cutting time delaying, the ratio of stem to leaf of different treatments showed an increasing trend. The ratio of stem to leaf in initial bloom stage and full-bloom stage with cutting treatment was 2.67 and 2.81, respectively, which had significant differences with other treatments (P <0.01). The initial bloom stage with cutting could get the maximum yield of alfalfa hay (18220.5 kg/hm2), but the forage quality declined compared with that in the bud stage. The yield of crude protein was the highest in budding stage with cutting (3702.2 kg/hm2), and the hay yield was 17563.5 kg/hm2.

  Study on Different Field Collocation Patterns and Densities of Peanut After Garlic Harvest 2017, 33 (18):  29-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070008 Abstract + ( 776 )   PDF ( 1207KB )   ( 374 ) To achieve high yield cultivation techniques of peanut after garlic harvest, a field experiment on field collocation pattern and density was conducted in Liaocheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 2014 to 2015. The split plot design was employed with main plot of field collocation patterns, sub-plot of density. Three field collocation patterns (25, 35, 45 cm) and five densities (single-seed sowing 18×104, 21×104, 24×104, 27×104 plants/hm2 and double-seed sowing 13.5×104 plants/hm2) were set. Effect of field collocation pattern and density on peanut growing characters, yield characters, dry matter accumulation and field transmittance was analyzed. The results showed that the beneficial effect of field collocation patterns A1(25 cm) and A2(35 cm) on field transmittance, pod number per plant, full pod number and pod dry weight was significantly superior to those of A3(45 cm); density had a significant impact on field transmittance, plant dry weight and yield characters. During pod filling stage of peanut, field transmittance of B2(21 × 104 plants/hm2), B3(24 × 104 plants/hm2), B5(13.5×104 plants/hm2) was low, it was conducive to increasing light utility efficiency. A1B3 had the highest yield, which had no significant difference with A1B2, A2B2 and A2B3, but significant difference with other treatments.

  Genetic Diversity of Cucumber Germplasm Resources Analyzed by Morphological Markers and SRAP Markers 2017, 33 (18):  35-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120040 Abstract + ( 697 )   PDF ( 1178KB )   ( 299 ) To explore the genetic diversity of cucumber germplasm resources and provide a basis for future selection of excellent varieties, with 48 accessions of cucumber germplasm resources as the materials, cluster analysis of 13 phenotypic characters of varieties was conducted by DPS software. Meanwhile, SRAP markers were used to study their genetic diversity. The results showed that, based on the cluster analysis of the fruit characters and other morphological characters, the 48 accessions of cucumber germplasm were divided into five groups at 75.0 of the threshold value. Cluster analysis of SRAP molecular markers by UPGMA method showed that the genetic similarity coefficient among cucumber germplasms was between 0.52-0.93, and the 48 accessions of germplasm were divided into 5 groups at 0.64 of genetic similarity coefficient. There was greater difference between morphological markers and SRAP molecular markers. It was concluded that, compared with morphological markers, SRAP markers could better analyze the genetic relationship among varieties, which had better guidance for studying genetic diversity of cucumber.

  Cabbage: Cultivation of Unfertilized Ovary in Vitro and Ploidy Identification of Regenerated Plant 2017, 33 (18):  42-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010009 Abstract + ( 607 )   PDF ( 2188KB )   ( 899 ) The regenerated plant of cabbage was obtained by cultivating its unfertilized ovaryin vitro , effective ploidy identification of regenerated plant would lay a solid foundation for its further application in breeding and selecting excellent varieties of cabbage. In this study, three different-genotypes of cabbage (PMQM, QMF, RMQM) were chosen to produce new regenerated plants, improve the culture system of unfertilized ovary of cabbage in vitro , and identify the ploidy of regenerated plant by using morphological identification, chromosome counting in root-tip cells, and DNA flow cytometry. The results showed that the differentiation rates of callus of three genotypes cultivated in differentiation medium contained 0.4 mg/L ZT were significantly higher than that in the medium with 1.0 mg/L 6-BA, the RMQM genotype demonstrated the best differentiation efficiency. Finally, the medium MS 0.4 mg/L ZT 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D 0.1 mg/L NAA was identified as the most suitable medium for the differentiation of adventitious buds from callus. And through the three identification methods, the ploidy of regenerated plants was clarified as 3.4% haploid, 49.8% diploid, 15.9% tetraploid, and 35.3% chimera.

  The Relationship of Nitrate Accumulation with Nutritional Values and Species of Flowering Chinese Cabbage Cultivars 2017, 33 (18):  49-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070140 Abstract + ( 1003 )   PDF ( 1284KB )   ( 469 ) To identify the relationship between nitrate content and nutritional values of 3 different color cultivars of flowering Chinese cabbage, green cultivars (Caixin), red and white cultivars were analyzed for accumulation of nitrate, vitamin C, soluble solids and other nutritional qualities by technology of integral control of water and fertilization. Results revealed the nitrate contents of green, red and white cultivars were significantly different. The clustering analysis based on the nitrate content classified the 44 cultivars into 2 classes, one class contained 33 cultivars belonging to high nitrate content including 31 of 33 green cultivars and 2 of 5 white cultivars, the other class contained 11 cultivars belonging to low nitrate content including 2 green, 2 white and 6 red flowering Chinese cabbage. According to the nitrate content and nutritional values including vitamin C, reducing sugar, soluble solid material and the protein contents of the 44 cultivars, the clustering analysis classified the cultivars into 3 classes: the first class included 32 green and 2 white cultivars representing the high nitrate content and low nutritional value class; the second class included 6 red and 2 white cultivars with low nitrate content and good nutritional value; the third class included 1 green and 1 white cultivars with the lowest nitrate content and excellent nutritional value. PCA analysis revealed nitrate accumulation had significant difference from other nutritional values and the correlation analysis also showed that nitrate content had significant or highly significant relation with other nutritional factors. The classification engineering based on nitrate content and nutritional values provided significant information for screening and breeding of flowering Chinese cabbage with low nitrate content and supreme quality.

  Compound Treatment Effects of Water and Heavy Metal on Growth of Panicum repens L. 李凤麟 2017, 33 (18):  56-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090074 Abstract + ( 651 )   PDF ( 1211KB )   ( 293 ) Studies on the morphological and physiological properties of Panicum repens L. were conducted under both water and heavy metal stress, in view of the urgency of eco-restoration of hydro-fluctuation belts of polluted rivers and their special alternation environment of wetting and drying, to provide references for constructingPanicum repens L.-hydro-fluctuation belt ecological system. This experiment was conducted with pot- cultured method and 5 treatments compositing 2 factors of water and heavy metal were adopted. The results showed that: the total average values of the plant absolute height and branch number ofPanicum repens L. under the low-Cd-Pb-and-flooded treatment with 42 days were higher than that under CK; in addition, although the total average of the plant absolute height and branch number ofPanicum repens L. under high- Cd-Pb-and-flooded treatment were lower than that under CK, but the differences between H-Cd-Pb-flooded treatment were not significant (P >0.05), i.e.Panicum repens L. could maintain normal growth; however, the plant absolute height and branch number ofPanicum repens L. were inhibited under both L-Cd-Pb-drought and H-Cd-Pb-drought treatments; during the experiments under Cd-Pb-drought treatments, the plant had wilt phenomenon in 14 days, and then leaf blade was dry in 21 days, even all the plants were dead in 35 days for those under L-Cd-Pb-drought and in 28 days for those under H-Cd-Pb-drought; as for the physiological features, the proline content and malondialdehyde content under both L-and H-Cd-Pb-flooded treatments were all close to those values under CK and the differences between Cd-Pb-flooded treatments and CK were not significant (P >0.05), which indicated that the hurt from Cd-Pb-flooded treatment were light; however, the proline and malondialdehyde content under both L-and H-Cd-Pb-drought treatments were all significantly higher than those values under CK (P >0.05), which suggested a very active physiological response ofPanicum repens L. to L-and H-Cd-Pb-drought treatments.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Wind Erosion-Resistance of Five Kinds of Soil in Arid Zone of Middle Ningxia with TOPSIS 2017, 33 (18):  61-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060162 Abstract + ( 619 )   PDF ( 1103KB )   ( 662 ) Serious soil erosion and frequently occurred sandstorm are the mainly ecological problems in arid zone of middle Ningxia. In order to control these series disasters, we chose typical pebbling farmland, traditional tillage farmland, artificial shrub land, fenced grasslands and shifting sandy land as the research objects, and wind erosion-resistance were comprehensively analyzed with TOPSIS method. The results showed that shrub land had the strongest ability to resist wind erosion, whose Ci was 0.674257. Traditional tillage farmland and shifting sandy land had relative weaker ability to resist wind erosion, with Ci respectively being 0.087007 and 0.003552. So the traditional tillage farmland and shifting sandy land are the main dust sources.

  Spatial Distribution and Landscape Pattern of Hongya County in Chengdu Plain Edge 姚兴柱, and 2017, 33 (18):  65-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090011 Abstract + ( 648 )   PDF ( 1562KB )   ( 490 ) Rural settlement is the settled places that rural population living for agricultural and non-agricultural activities, and the social performance is the space gathering of the rural resident, it’s spatial and temporal changes and landscape pattern changes are influenced by many factors, such as natural environment, traditional culture, economic development and so on. In this paper, Through the data of three remote sensing images of Hongya County in 1997, 2006 and 2015 and combining with DEM elevation and slope data ,the spatial temporal evolution and landscape pattern of rural residential area in Hongya County were studied, and its influence factors were analyzed. The results show that：(1)From 1997 to 2015, the spatial distribution of the rural residential areas in Hongya County in 18 years shows a tendency of getting to together, and there is no change in the direction of geographic aggregation, which constant gradually focuse on the north of the Hongya County.(2)Slope of Hongya County had a great effect on the layout of the rural residential areas,,and rural residents more than 70% point distribution in the range of 0 to 5 °.Along with the increase of slope,the number of patches and patch area of the rural residential area are all shown as the first decrease and then decreased.(3)Altitude has significant influence on the distribution of rural residential areas in Hongya County,more than 55% of the residential distribution in the range of 0 to 500 m. From 1997 to 2015 in Hongya County, the rural settlements change trendSshows that the distribution in gradually optimized, farmers go down the hill and along the urban agglomeration is obvious. The research in order to provide reference for the new socialist countryside planning, land development and consolidation projects in the edge of Chengdu Plain.

  Effects of Irrigation Methods on Soil Water and SaltMigration and Oil Sunflower Yield 2017, 33 (18):  71-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080129 Abstract + ( 570 )   PDF ( 1093KB )   ( 1109 ) In order to study the effects of different irrigation and film mulching methods on saline alkali soil moisture and salt migration process and yield of oil sunflower,the water salt control technology system and precision irrigation technology was proposed based on maximizing yield of oil sunflower.We designed two factors, factor one was irrigation methods: drip irrigation and flood irrigation; factor two was the covered way: no mulching and film mulching. The results showed that soil total salt of drip irrigation under plastic film mulching was in low variation, pH value and soil water content changed to a favorable direction of sunflower growth, the yield of oil sunflower from high to low followed an order of drip irrigation under plastic film mulching＞flood irrigation under plastic film mulching＞flood irrigation under no mulching＞drip irrigation under no mulching, the yield of drip irrigation under plastic film mulching increased the yield by8.8% compared withflood irrigation under no mulching. The treatment of drip irrigation under film mulching could reduce soil evaporation, effectively control saltreturn in surface, inhibit salt accumulation, provide a low salt environment for oil sunflower root growth, and improve oil sunflower yield.

  Effects of Oil Residue and Biochar on Soil Fertility in Walnut Garden 2017, 33 (18):  76-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060091 Abstract + ( 686 )   PDF ( 1195KB )   ( 375 ) In order to explore the effects of biochar and oil residue on soil nutrients and soil fertility and provide theoretical basis for soil fertility promotion in walnut garden in Wushi, Xinjiang, on the basis of conventional NPK fertilization, oil residue (27.3, 54.6 and 81.9 kg/plant) and biochar (168.2, 336.4 and 504.6 kg/plant) were added, the promotion effect was evaluated by soil fertility evaluation index (SFI) model of Wushi walnut garden. The results showed that soil organic matter, total and available nutrient were increased by adding oil residue and biochar, and the effect of oil residue was more significant. Oil residue increased the contents of Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn, but decreased the contents of Mg and Cu, biochar increased the contents of Ca and Mg, but decreased the contents of Mn and Cu. Compared with CK, the application of biochar and oil residue promoted soil fertility. In all the treatments of oil residue fertilizer, SFI reached the maximum when the application amount was 54.6 kg/plant, in all the treatments of biochar, SFI reached the maximum when the application amount was 168.2 kg/plant, and excessive application amounts of biochar and oil residue decreased soil fertility. Therefore, the optimum application amount was oil residue 54.6 kg/plant or biochar 168.2 kg/plant.

  Circulation Characteristics and Forecast Factors Analysis of an Water-logging Process at Milk-ripe Stage of Summer Maize in 2014 2017, 33 (18):  81-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060092 Abstract + ( 632 )   PDF ( 2020KB )   ( 452 ) To better understand the synoptic cause of water-logging process at milk-ripe stage of summer maize, and provide better service to meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation in Henan, NCEP/NCAR 2.5°×2.5° reanalysis daily average data and conventional meteorological observation data were used to analyze the circulation conditions and characteristics of temperature, humidity and wind of a high-impact and longstanding water- logging process. The results showed that: (1) the water- logging process had a significant circulation characteristic, which meant upper troposphere stably maintained unusual high-wedges over the Ural Mountains and the Okhotsk Maintains constantly as well as unusual low-trough over the Balkhash Lake and Japan; the jet stream on 200 hPa happened and maintained; south Asia high maintained eastward and northward as well as subtropical high maintained westward; (2) a low boundary-layer-easterly wind happened and maintained during the progress, the beginning and ending of easterly wind corresponds with the rainfall; the enhancement and unusual change of easterly wind cooperating with the unusual- warm on 700 hPa corresponded with obvious rainfall increase; (3) average and anomaly height on 500 hPa along 50°E-time section (Figure 55) could be used in prediction of the continuous-rain’s beginning and maintaining time in medium time.

  Atmospheric Pollutants in Beibei: Variation Characteristics and Correlation with Meteorological Elements 2017, 33 (18):  88-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060097 Abstract + ( 636 )   PDF ( 1478KB )   ( 397 ) The paper aims to understand the correlation between atmospheric pollutants and meteorological factors in Beibei District of Chongqing, and to provide a basis for improving air quality in Beibei. The authors analyzed the variation characteristics of atmospheric pollution in Beibei and the correlation between atmospheric pollutants and meteorological elements by using linear regression, mathematical statistics method based on the air quality data and ground meteorological observation data from 2009 to 2014. The results showed that: the average annual variation of PM10 in Beibei had a rising trend; its seasonal change was obvious, following the order: winter >autumn> spring>summer; the monthly variation presented a“V”type, the minimum and maximum value occurred in July and December, respectively; the atmospheric pollutant concentration in Beibei decreased with the increase of temperature, wind speed and precipitation, and PM10 value tended to be large when there was static wind. In winter, the atmospheric pollutant concentration in Beibei reached the maximum, which was closely related to the atmospheric circulation.

  Diagnosis Analysis of a Cold Wave Weather Process 2017, 33 (18):  94-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060108 Abstract + ( 821 )   PDF ( 1500KB )   ( 633 ) By using the conventional meteorological observation data, NCEP/NCAR 1°× 1° reanalysis data and radiosonde data, adopting synoptic meteorology principle and methods, the influenced system configuration, cold air path and changing circumstance of the high and low air circulation, and physical characteristics of the cold wave weather process in Shanxi during the spring festival on January 21-24, 2016 were analyzed. The results showed that: this was a “horizontal groove type” cold wave process, the cold eddy in the east of Lake Baikal of 500 hPa guiding the cold air, and the cold air path belonged to the west by northwest, and strengthening south of the ground cold high induced the cold wave in Shanxi; the main cause of temperature drop was the puissant cold advection in 850 hPa; but due to the cold air moving path by west, and cold high pressure subject was north, caused by the cooling rate only individual site break through the historical extreme value. Water vapor condition was bad, so precipitation was less; plus-minus surface variation in 3 hours was up to 10 hPa, which was beneficial to produce allobaric wind, then formed the strong wind weather.

  Autumn Precipitation in Jiangxi: Temporal and Spatial Distribution and Anomaly Circulation Features in Recent 55 Years 2017, 33 (18):  103-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060114 Abstract + ( 1064 )   PDF ( 2191KB )   ( 536 ) Based on the daily precipitation data of 86 stations in Jiangxi and the NCEP/NCAR monthly reanalysis data from 1961 to 2015, the Temporal and spatial distribution of autumn precipitation and anomaly circulation features in Jiangxi in the latest 55 years were analyzed by using the EOF, REOF, Morlet wavelet, linear trend, Mann-Kendall analysis and composite analysis methods. The results show that: the autumn precipitation in Jiangxi presented an upward tendency during the 55 years. Abrupt changes appeared in 1981, 1984 and 1987, respectively. There were a long changing period of 12-14 and a short changing period of 2-4 years. The space filed of autumn precipitation in Jiangxi was divided into the overall consistency, the south-north inverting type and the south with north-middle inverting type, and the generally consistent type was the main form of it. Spatially, it could be subdivided into the following five regions: mid-west of north Jiangxi, south of Jiangxi, west of central Jiangxi, east of north Jiangxi and mid-east of central Jiangxi. Autumn precipitation was increasing in mid-west of north Jiangxi, west of central Jiangxi and mid-east of central Jiangxi, while decreasing in south of Jiangxi, and stable in mid-east of central Jiangxi. Different times of abrupt changes appeared in all five regions during the 55 years in different years, and abrupt changes appeared in early 1960s in the region of south of Jiangxi, west of central Jiangxi, and east of north Jiangxi. There was a changing period of 2-4 years in all the five regions and a changing period of 4-6 years in several regions. The longest changing period was 14 years. In addition, the circulation features of flood years and drought years showed that when the trough in the east of Europe at 500 hPa became stronger, and Jiangxi Province was controlled by northwest wind, besides, northeast anomaly wind at 850 hPa controlled Jiangxi and weak southwest anomaly wind appeared over Jiang-Huai Basin resulting in precipitation in autumn less than that in the same period of normal years in drought years of Jiangxi. The circulation pattern were contrary to the patterns mentioned above in flood years of Jiangxi resulting in precipitation in autumn more than that in the same period of normal years.

  Rainy and Sunless Weather in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River in Late Summer of 2014 2017, 33 (18):  116-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080077 Abstract + ( 653 )   PDF ( 3058KB )   ( 331 ) Based on the observations and NCEP reanalysis data, the authors analyzed to investigate the reasons resulted in the rainy and sunless weather in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River in late summer of 2014. The results showed that: the circulation anomalies were caused by abnormal large scale weather patterns, including the south Asia high, the western Pacific subtropical high and the east Asia monsoon. The location of south Asian high at 200 hPa was by southeast relatively to the normal, which was dynamically favorable for precipitations in the region; the polar vortex intensity at 500 hPa in the northern hemisphere was stronger than normal, leading to strong cold air masses intruding in China; both the western Pacific subtropical high and anti-cyclone circulation at 850 hPa were stronger and much by south and west to normal; two different circulation patterns in Eurasian mid-latitude displayed in the second half of August: period 1 (16-20), the pattern with two ridges and two troughs showed at 500 hPa, with meridional circulations much stronger than normal and more favorable for cold air masses to eastern China; the strong westerly flow over southern China at 850 hPa together with the subtropical high enhanced the southwest low level jet over the east China sea; period 2 (21-31), only one ridge and one trough circulation existed at 500 hPa with meridional circulation weakening, which was favorable for weak cold air reaching the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. There existed θse frontal zone, frontogenesis, up lift, mid-low-level water vapor convergence and wet tongue from the ground during the two periods, with all the physical elements much significant and consistent with the weather during period 1.

  Nutrition Quality of Walnut Cultivars in Jinzhong 2017, 33 (18):  134-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080107 Abstract + ( 659 )   PDF ( 1213KB )   ( 313 ) This paper analyzed nutritional quality of walnut and compared nutrition contents among different walnut cultivars in Jinzhong. Regarding the nutritional quality, the results showed that the variation coefficient of soft walnut cultivars in Zuoquan was larger than that of premium walnut cultivars, and had good genetic diversity. The fat content of soft walnut cultivars in Zuoquan was apparently higher than that of other cultivars, the linolenic acid andα -linolenic acid of Xiyang walnut cultivars were higher than those of other cultivars, and the protein content of the premium cultivars was higher than that of other cultivars.

  Chemometrics Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition of Different Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Varieties 李 群,张倩茹,尹 蓉,王贤萍,胡晓军,高忠东 and 2017, 33 (18):  141-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090093 Abstract + ( 605 )   PDF ( 1245KB )   ( 479 ) To study the fat content and fatty acid composition characteristics of different walnut varieties in Jinzhong Prefecture of Shanxi, and provide a basis for the cultivating, breeding, processing and utilization of walnut, the total fat content and fatty acid composition of 37 walnut varieties (Juglans regia L.) were analyzed by Soxhlet extraction and gas chromatography, and the data were calculated by variation analysis, correlation analysis, path analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that: (1) the total fat content of the 37 walnut varieties ranged from 56.8% to 70.88%, with an average of 65.78%; palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were the major fatty acids, and the variation coefficient of oleic acid was the highest while that of linoleic acid was the lowest; (2) the composition of different fatty acids were all positively correlated with the total fat content, of which the linoleic acid and the total fat content were highly and significantly correlated, while the palmitic acid and the total fat content were significantly correlated; (3) the oleic acid had the maximum direct effect on total fat content, but the palmitic acid had the opposite effect; (4) the main information of fatty acid composition could be presented by a linear combination of the various compositions; (5) the 37 walnut varieties could be divided into“high oil content with high linolenic acid”variety group and“low oil content with high oleic acid”variety group.

  Toxicity of Several Fungicides Against Botrytis cinerea on Amorphophallus Konjac 2017, 33 (18):  150-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080001 Abstract + ( 734 )   PDF ( 1122KB )   ( 622 ) In production, the selection of fungicides to control konjac gray mold that caused by Botrytis cinerea was in chaos, toxicity of fungicides against B. cinerea was not clear. Therefore, the toxicity of 7 fungicides against B. cinerea was tested by mycelium growth rate method. The results showed that carbendazim and iprodine had the best inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of B. cinerea , with the EC 50 value of 0.001 and 0.005 mg/L; then were ningnanmycin, pyrimethanil and dimethachlon, which had good inhibition rates, with theEC 50 value of 0.043, 0.052 and 0.084 mg/L; the inhibitory effect of copper oxychloride and copper calcium sulphate were the worst, with theEC 50 value ≥ 200 mg/L.

  Effect of Water-fertilizer Integrative Drip Irrigation Mode on Tobacco Quality and Economic Benefit 2017, 33 (18):  153-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100012 Abstract + ( 692 )   PDF ( 1197KB )   ( 441 ) To investigate the integration of water and fertilizer, and its effect on tobacco quality and economic benefit, different water and fertilizer management tests were carried out in Luoyang, Henan, which included four treatments:‘Yuyan 6’(DF6) and‘Qinyan 96’(DF96) of water-fertilizer integration and‘Yuyan 6’ (DF6) and‘Qinyan 96’(DF96) of conventional fertilization treatment. The results showed that DF6 and DF96 significantly increased the plant height, leaf area and remained leaf number, increased the output value and reduced the production cost. In addition, it significantly improved flue-cured tobacco appearance quality, such as luster, softness, foliar tissue structure, color and oil and other indicators, coordinated chemistry component in tobacco leaves, and improved aroma components of flue cured tobacco leaf, especially degradation products of cembranoids. Meanwhile, the smoking quality of tobacco was enhanced. Thus, the drip irrigation mode of integration of water and fertilizer could improve quality and economic benefit of tobacco.

  Performance of a New Framework for Agricultural Greenhouse 李 军, and 2017, 33 (18):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070051 Abstract + ( 591 )   PDF ( 1404KB )   ( 442 ) The aim is to research the economic performance and mechanical behavior of photovoltaic agricultural greenhouses based on composite materials, and to clarify the practicability of using composite material instead of steel. [Method] In this paper, there are some analyses about the photovoltaic greenhouse framework by using numerical calculation and theoretical analysis from the following three aspects: the Midas FEA for bearing capacity and lateral deformation capacity of the framework of photovoltaic agricultural greenhouses, checking calculation for the bearing capacity of the bolt which at the most unfavorable node of photovoltaic greenhouse, and the analysis of economic performance from two aspects just like the surface maintenance and material consumption of frameworks. [Result]The results show the following. The composites framework the maximum stress of members is about 27.5kPa and the maximum displacement at the top of column is about 9.4mm, then the demand for bearing capacity and allowable displacement of the similar structure are satisfied; the bolt at the most unfavorable node of photovoltaic greenhouse is calculated, and its strength can meet the demand; through the comprehensive analysis from two aspects, namely, the surface maintenance and material consumption of frameworks, in terms of initial cost for each greenhouse, the composites framework is 300RMB more expensive than the steel framework, but in the course of using there is no required additional maintenance fee. [Conclusion] Therefore, from the perspective of sustainable development, the cost investment has not big difference in the case of using the same framework. The composite material is more environmentally and has no adverse effects on agricultural cultivation and planting. It can be concluded that the bearing capacity of the composite frame never lose to the steel frame greenhouses as long as the reasonable structure design.