Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.19 Published:11 July 2017

  Effects of Salt Stress on Antioxidant Enzymes and Osmotic Adjustment Substances of Winter Wheat Zhu Yupeng,Meng Xianghao,Gai Weiling,Liu Yiguo,Shi Changhai,Zhang Yumei,Li Lingyan and Lin Qi 2017, 33 (19):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100002 Abstract + ( 1135 )   PDF ( 618KB )   ( 530 ) The objective is to explore the change of antioxidant enzymes and osmolytes in wheat suffering post anthesis salt stress.‘Qingmai 6’and‘Jimai 22’was used as materials, the normal soil as control, 2‰ and 4‰ NaCl concentrations were set up. The water content of 0-40 cm soil layer was strictly controlled by the time domain moisture content analyzer (TDR). The wheat flag leaf was obtained from 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after anthesis. The superoxide enzyme (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, soluble protein content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, soluble sugar content and free proline content were determined. The results showed that with the increase of salt concentration and stress time, leaf SOD activity, POD activity and soluble protein content decreased in different degree; MDA content, soluble sugar content, free proline content increased to a certain extent.‘Qingmai 6’had better salt tolerance, free proline content and salt tolerance of wheat had a positive correlation, SOD, POD, MDA could be used as a measure for stress resistance.

  High Efficient Utilization of Water and Fertilizer in Winter Wheat Cultivation in Eastern Shandong Sun Xiaohui,Liu Cuiling,Li Laimin,Xin Qingguo,Yan Meiling,Sun Nina,Zhao Ming,Yu Jingchuan,Jiang Hongming and Li Linzhi 2017, 33 (19):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030206 Abstract + ( 1320 )   PDF ( 457KB )   ( 416 ) To clarify the water saving irrigation system and the suitable nitrogen application amount under the condition of water saving and late sowing, effects of variety, irrigation pattern, sowing date, sowing quantity, nitrogen application amount on yield and yield structure of winter wheat were studied by using 5 factors and 4 levels orthogonal optimization design under field condition. The results showed that: variety, sowing date and sowing quantity had significant effects on grain yield of wheat, irrigation pattern and the nitrogen application amount came the second. The yield of‘Yan 0428’was 9324.3 kg/hm2 which was the highest, the second was ‘Yannong21’, whose grain yield was 9142.8 kg/hm2. The results showed that‘Yan 0428’and‘Yannong 21’ were drought resistant and water-fertilizer saving varieties. The yield of the third treatment (jointing irrigation, flowering irrigation, filling irrigation) and the first treatment (jointing stage irrigation) was higher and had no significant difference, indicating that the optimal irrigation system suitable for water saving production in east Shandong was the first treatment (jointing stage irrigation). Therefore, the suitable sowing date adapting to climate change in east Shandong and water saving was October 6th-18th, the range of suitable sowing quantity was 127.5 -165 kg/hm2.

  Yield Capability Analysis and Yield Increase Approach of High-yield Summer Maize‘Xundan 29’ Li Jianjun,Wang Changliang,Chang Jianzhi,Yan Lihui,Li Yanchang and Zhang Wenbo 2017, 33 (19):  12-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070081 Abstract + ( 1017 )   PDF ( 558KB )   ( 517 ) The aims are to understand the regulating effect of different cultivation techniques on the yield capability of high-yield summer maize‘Xundan 29’and find out technical approaches for its higher yield potential.‘Xundan 29’was used as material. A field comparison experiment with different planting densities and production levels was set up for 3 years from 2013 to 2015 in Hebi, Henan Province. The results showed that light and temperature affected the growth of‘Xundan 29’significantly during the growth. Low temperature and little sunbeam prolonged the growth period at the seedling stage. The pollination was directly affected by high temperature or rain during corn pollen-shedding. High temperature with less rain or low temperature with rain decreased thousand kernel weight during the filling stage, eventually resulted in a decline of yield. As the density increasing, yield, leaf area index and ears increased, while grain per spike and thousand kernel weight decreased. The density increase could increase the leaf area index, growth days and grain per spike. The conclusion was that the yield of‘Xundan 29’could reach 12000 kg/hm2 or above with growth days of 108 d, effective spikes of 71000 plants/hm2, grains per spike of 580 and 1000-grain weight of 297 g.

  Yield Increasing Effect of Fully Covered Double Furrow Sowing Cultivation: For Maize in Huanxian, Gansu Province Liu Shengrui,Yang Zifan,Dun Zhiheng,Chen Yanfeng and Fan Rong 2017, 33 (19):  18-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080133 Abstract + ( 923 )   PDF ( 483KB )   ( 425 ) The authors selected maize as the research object and took Huanxian—a typical arid area in Gansu Province as the study area, compared film mulching with no film mulching (as the control), adopted maize suitability index method, evaluated maize suitable planting area based on determination of hierarchical evaluation model of maize suitability and evaluation index and the membership degree. The results showed that the fully covered double furrow sowing cultivation could effectively maintain soil moisture and nutrients compared with traditional open field cultivation, improved soil moisture content and the effective accumulated temperature, significantly increased the high suitable planting area for maize, and had obvious yield increasing effect. The high suitable planting area increased by 51368.57 hm2 (25.81%) compared with that of conventional cultivation. The suitable planting area decreased by 21566.2 hm2 (10.82%), the barely suitable planting area decreased by 16975.1 hm2 (8.53%) and the unsuitable planting area reduced by 12827.2 hm2 (6.45%).

  Salt Tolerance of Sugarbeet: From Germination to Seedling Stage Yu Lihua,Wang Yuguang,Sun Fei,Yang Ruirui,Wang Qiuhong and Geng Gui 2017, 33 (19):  22-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030165 Abstract + ( 1026 )   PDF ( 564KB )   ( 510 ) The paper aims to clarify salt tolerance of sugarbeet from germination to seedling stage. By hydroponics indoor, we studied the germination rate of sugarbeet seeds, seedlings’growth during the cotyledon stage and the stage of third- pair true leaves, and some physiological indexes changes under different concentrations of NaCl. The results showed that: under NaCl stress at germination stage, the germination rate of sugarbeet seed was 75% and 22% in low and high concentration (140, 280 mmol/L), respectively; with the increase of NaCl concentration, the germination time of sugarbeet seed gradually extended, and the germination rate decreased significantly; during the stage of cotyledon and third-pair true leaves, salt stress could not cause plant death; the biomass of root, leaf, petiole and the whole plant, leaf area and chlorophyll content were significantly lower than those of CK, so the damage rate increased at the cotyledon stage; only biomass and leaf area reduced under high concentration of NaCl at the stage of the third-pair true leaves. Therefore, the effect ofNaCl stress on sugarbeet at germination stage was the biggest, followed by that at the cotyledon stage, while the smallest was that at third-pair true leaves stage.

  Heavy Metal Cadmium: Effects on Absorption of Several Microelements in Sugar Beet Zhang Fushun and Liu Wei 2017, 33 (19):  29-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030198 Abstract + ( 579 )   PDF ( 706KB )   ( 376 ) The authors studied the effect of cadmium on the nutrient uptake of microelements in sugar beet by adding different concentrations of Cd2 ions in the nutrient solution, in order to provide basic data for further understanding the effects of cadmium pollution on sugar beet growth, and provide a basis for the safe production of sugar beet. The results showed that: (1) with the increase of Cd2 concentration, sugar beet seedlings gradually faded and yellowed, and the dry and fresh weight of the seedlings decreased; (2) Cd2 ion concentration in sugar beet seedlings increased under cadmium stress; (3) Cd2 ions were added to the nutrient solution, so that boron, copper, zinc, iron, manganese and molybdenum in root, stem and leaf had different changes, some increased in absorption while some decreased. The presence of cadmium in the nutrient solution could affect the nutrient absorption of sugar beet, destroy the nutrient balance resulting in the change of sugar beet growth and various degrees of harm. With the increase of Cd2 concentration in the nutrient solution, the sugar beet seedlings were seriously damaged and the effect of cadmium was obvious.

  SWEET Gene Family in Plants：Research Advances Chen Huimin,Li Wei,Ma Xiongfeng,Zhang Fei,Yang Daigang and Hu Shoulin 2017, 33 (19):  34-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030193 Abstract + ( 876 )   PDF ( 764KB )   ( 566 ) In order to further study the role of newly identified type of sugar transporter SWEET gene family in plants, the discovery of SWEET gene family was introduced, and the protein structures, evolutionary analysis results and physiological functions of SWEET genes in plants were summarized. It is indicated that SWEET transporters have many different physiological functions and play an important role in plant growth and metabolism. These provide a theoretical basis for the follow-up study of SWEET gene family in plants.

  Multiple Sites Editing Vector Construction of Rice Blast Resistance Gene Pita2 Candidate Genes Wang Xiaowan,Deng Senwen,Li Kai,Wang Chuntai and Xu Xin 2017, 33 (19):  40-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020123 Abstract + ( 721 )   PDF ( 731KB )   ( 450 ) Pita2 is a broad-spectrum rice blast resistance gene located in centromere region of chromosome 12. In our previous research, 5 candidate genes were obtained from fine-mapping and their function and molecular mechanism were unknown. In this study, we constructed multiple sites editing vectors of those 5 candidate genes by high-efficiency and designated-editing CRISPR/Cas9 system. 2 protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences were selected from the exons of each candidate genes to construct the gateway vector SK-gRNA separately. Then 2 targeted gRNAs on the SK-gRNA vectors were separately digested by isocaudarner and ligated into the binary expression vector pC1300-Cas9 using one step reaction. The results of PCR and Sanger sequencing from plasmid DNA showed that 5 multiple sites editing vectors for each candidate genes were successfully constructed. Our results lay the foundation for the further study on the function of Pita2 candidate genes by agrobacterium-mediated transformation and the analysis of the relationship between gene expression and resistance.

  Research Progress of Zinc Nutrition in Tobacco Fang Xiu,Fan Yikuan,Xu Zicheng,Zhang Sen,Wei Zhuangzhuang and Ren Zhiguang 2017, 33 (19):  46-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060133 Abstract + ( 549 )   PDF ( 466KB )   ( 288 ) Zinc is one of main micro elements influencing the normal growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, so zinc nutrition has multiple biological functions in flue- cured tobacco, and has an important influence on yield and quality of tobacco. With the development of researches on micro nutrients in recent years, researches on zinc nutrition of flue-cured tobacco are increasing. The paper summarized the relationship between zinc content in tobacco leaf and zinc content in soil, the accumulation and distribution rules of zinc in tobacco leaves, the effects of zinc on growth, physiology characteristics and quality of tobacco, the effect of zinc on the antiviral properties of tobacco, the interaction between zinc and other nutritional elements, and discussed the research trend and development prospect of zinc in tobacco, expecting to improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco and provide a feasible basis for the rational application of zinc fertilizer.

  Effect of Different Preservative Methods on Storage Characters of Melon Fruit Zaituna·Maimaiti,Zhang Xiaomei,Ma Xixin and Xu Jian 2017, 33 (19):  52-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070018 Abstract + ( 578 )   PDF ( 705KB )   ( 285 ) The study aims to investigate the influence of different preservation methods on melon. An experiment was carried out by taking‘Xizhoumi No.25’as material to study the effect of preservative (1-MCP), fungicide and fungicide composite preservative (1-MCP) treatments on storage characters of melon fruit under the condition of room temperature. The results showed that under the condition of normal temperature storage, 1-MCP treatment effectively restrained soluble solids decrease and weight lose rate, and controlled the skin color. Fungicide was more significant for reducing decay rate of melon. Combining the advantages of both, compound preservation processing had effective inhibition on postharvest senescence caused by physiological disorder and pathological decay, and showed the best effect on maintaining fruit quality and reducing fruit rot rate.

  Advances in Breeding Apple Dwarf Rootstock in China Du Xuemei,Yang Tingzhen,Gao Jingdong,Wang Qian,Cai Huacheng,Li Chunyan and Gong Guihua 2017, 33 (19):  57-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010115 Abstract + ( 761 )   PDF ( 618KB )   ( 553 ) For improving apple dwarf rootstock breeding, its study status in China is summarized from dwarf germplasm resources, breeding effect, preselected indices of seedling, breeding problem and etc. Crossbreeding, selection breeding of strain lines, selecting by seedlings are chief methods of apple rootstock breeding in China now, better series applied to production are selected, such as SH series, Y series,‘GM256’ and so on. Gene project breeding and molecular marker assisted breeding are studied and have great progress. Preselected indices which could be applied in crossbreeding seedling, such as ratio of xylem and phloem, shoot electron resistance, POD enzyme and hormones, are screened out. Dwarf property of offspring should be forecasted combined with many preselect indices, not by an individual index. Some problems are analyzed including inadequate rootstock breeding system and modern breeding technology, weak breeding ability and etc., and the breeding prospect of apple rootstock is discussed.

  Effect of Different Substrates on Yield and Quality of Strawberry in Intelligent Greenhouse Zheng Hongbo,Qiao Jiangfei,Geng Qinglong and Zheng Zhong 2017, 33 (19):  65-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060148 Abstract + ( 694 )   PDF ( 537KB )   ( 334 ) To improve the yield of strawberry, variety‘Fengxiang’was taken as the material to study its growth in 7 different substrates under the same nutrient solution to look for the best one for strawberry cultivation. SPSS data processing software was adopted to analyze strawberry indicators’variances during the vegetative growing period, and multiple comparisons were conducted according to significant differences. The results showed that: (1) mushroom residue perlite vermiculite (C3) had the highest yield (781.56 g/plant), followed by mushroom residue vermiculite (C2) (745.61 g/plant), there was no significant difference between them, the average fruit weight of (C3) was 19.21 g, which was significantly superior to the control treatment (turf vermiculite); (2) mushroom residue vermiculite perlite (C3) had the best flavor; the sugar acid ratio was 13.69, followed by mushroom residue vermiculite (C2), which was better than the control treatment (turf vermiculite). Therefore, C3 was superior to other ubstrates; it could make use of industrial waste and have longterm application value in production.

  Comparison Test of Several Strawberry Varieties Under Facility Cultivation in Guangxi Zhao Yanli,Liu Lujiang,Fu Changzhi and Chen Yanhong 2017, 33 (19):  70-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070009 Abstract + ( 685 )   PDF ( 490KB )   ( 376 ) Abstract:[Objective][Method]The comprehensive test of botany characteristics, biological characteristics of introduced 7 varieties of strawberry was conducted, so as to screen the strawberry of fine quality, high yield, sightseeing and picking that would be suitable for facilities in south China. [Result]The results showed that three strawberry varieties of ‘Jingtaoxiang’, ‘Jingquanxiang’ and ‘Taikong2008’ showed good characters and excellent quality, which can be suitable for cultivation in south China, and can be further demonstrated; while other strawberry varieties showed worse characters and remained to be further explored.

  Risk Assessment of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollution in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Song Chao,Qiu Liping,Zhang Cong,Fan Limin,Meng Shunlong,Hu Gengdong and Chen Jiazhang 2017, 33 (19):  74-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060153 Abstract + ( 602 )   PDF ( 757KB )   ( 344 ) The paper aims to evaluate the pollutant of TPH in the lower reach of the Yangtze River. 15 water samples (3 samples in each sample site) and 25 fish samples were collected to determinate the TPH in different samples. The results showed that: the concentration of TPH in water ranged from 0.02 to 0.21 mg/L with the average value of 0.08 mg/L, the result of risk assessment, based on SSD approach, showed that the influence chance on 5% fish was only 0.72%, namely, the risk was very low; the value of TPH in fish ranged from ND (no detected) to 30.07 mg/kg with an average value of 9.09 mg/kg; the majority of TPH residue in fish tissue did not exceed the standard limit, however, of all Hemiculter leucisculus, 67% samples exceeded the standard limit. In total, the dietary risk of aquatic product quality safety was very low. The paper provided detailed information to protect fish resource and ecology, and facilitated the management of aquatic product quality safety.

  The Cellulase Producing Conditions of Hyperaccumulation Plant Degradation Bacterium Bacillus subtilis BS-C3 2017, 33 (19):  80-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060150 Abstract + ( 759 )   PDF ( 689KB )   ( 293 ) This study aims at providing references for degrading hyperaccumulation plants by researching cellulase production conditions of a capable of degrading hyperaccumulator Bacillus subtilis subspecies BSC3. By setting different carbon sources, nitrogen sources, inoculation amount, culture temperature, liquid volume, initial pH value and culture time of growing conditions, single factor and orthogonal experiment were carried out. The experiment results showed that the optimum condition for producing cellulase by strain BS-C3 was 1% CMC-Na as carbon source, 1% peptone and 1% yeast powder as nitrogen source, inoculation quantity was 3%, temperature was 37℃, liquid volume was 70 mL, the initial pH value was 8, the filter paper enzyme activity FPA and carboxymethyl cellulase activity CMCA reached the maximum value of 223.74 U/mL and 257.67 U/mL on the fourth day and the fifth day respectively. We obtained the best condition of strain BS-C3 producing cellulase.

  Heavy Metal Contamination and Its Effect on Organism in Soil: A Review Wang Xiwei,Wang Qiuhong and Yu Lihua 2017, 33 (19):  86-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040061 Abstract + ( 618 )   PDF ( 593KB )   ( 446 ) Heavy metals pollution is a worldwide problem in the environment and ecological system. Due to increasing urbanization of human society, unreasonable emission of the "three wastes" from industrial production and using all kinds of pesticide and fertilizer in modern agriculture, the content of heavy metals in soil is seriously the pollution. Especially, the research of the heavy metals cadmium, mercury, lead enrichment in organism body and and antibiosis has attracted more and more attention at the present. This review focuses on the heavy metal contamination and effects on organism in soil, as the above concluded, in the future it should provide the scientific basis for the comprehensive management and remediation on soil of heavy metal pollution.

  Distribution Characteristics and Correlations of Heavy Metals in Contaminated Farmland Soils in Yuebei Mining Area Jiao Hongpeng,Zhu Huangrong,Jiang Haiyan,Chen Yagang,Feng Xiancui and Zhao Qiuxiang 2017, 33 (19):  93-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030167 Abstract + ( 539 )   PDF ( 870KB )   ( 341 ) To understand the contamination status of the survey area and provide a scientific basis for soil restoration in Yuebei mining area, 144 surface soil samples were collected by using systematic grid sampling method, and the test data of soil samples were analyzed by single factor pollution index method, comprehensive pollution index method and correlation analysis etc. The results showed that: the contents of heavy metals Cd, Zn, Ni, Pb exceeded the standard rate by 100%, 96.53%, 6.25%, 3.00%, respectively; the Cd and Zn single pollution index in soil were 3.59 and 1.90, indicating that the land was polluted by two kinds of heavy metals, in which Cd pollution was most serious; however, the single pollution index of Pb, Ni and Cu were less than 0.7, indicating that the pollution degree was within the safe range; thereinto, the correlation between available and total heavy metals Cd, Pb and Zn in soil reached the extremely strong level; the correlation coefficient of Pb in soil was the highest (0.9851), followed by that of Zn (0.9197) and Cd (0.8994), indicating that Cd, Pb and Zn were easily transported in soil, and the potential ecological pollution risk was high; additionally, the correlation between available and total heavy metals Cu and Ni also reached a strong level, and their migration ability in soil could not be ignored.

  Research article

  Spatial interpolation of daily minimum temperature and daily maximum temperature in Hainan Island Zhang Guofeng, Bai Rui, Li Weiguang, Tian Guanghui, Cai Daxin, Zou Haiping, 2017, 33 (19):  101-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030062 Abstract + ( 587 )   PDF ( 3495KB )   ( 340 ) The paper aims to find the suitable spatial interpolation method for daily minimum temperature and daily maximum temperature in Hainan Island, multiple linear regression (MLR), geographically weighted regression (GWRK), multiple linear regression-Kiging (MLRK) and geographically weighted regression-Kriging (GWRK) were compared to interpolate daily minimum temperature and daily maximum temperature in Hainan Island on January 1-June 30, 2016 by using longitude, latitude, elevation, slope, aspect, closest distance to the seaside, NDVI as covariates. The results showed that: the mean absolute errors (MAE) of the four methods for all daily minimum temperature samples were MLR> GWR>GWRK>MLRK; however, the MAEs of GWR, GWRK, and MLRK for all daily minimum temperature samples were very close, the MAEs of GWRK and MLRK for daily minimum temperature were also very close; the daily maximum temperature was the same; the MAE of MLRK for daily minimum temperature and daily maximum temperature was 0.50℃ and 0.73℃, respectively; the main differences of the spatial distributions interpolated by GWRK and MLRK for the daily minimum temperature were in the site sparse mountainous areas; the daily maximum temperature was the same. Therefore, in Hainan Island, the daily minimum temperature and daily maximum temperature should be interpolated by using MLRK.

  A Strong Cooling Process in 2014: Effect on Freeze Injury of Apricots and Countermeasures Duan Wenyu, Sun Yuefei, Ma Guang, Liu Xingyan, Zhao Bin, Wang Xinning, Sun Xiaoxia and Gu Runxiang 2017, 33 (19):  110-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040194 Abstract + ( 570 )   PDF ( 1197KB )   ( 379 ) A serious frost damage occurred in the apricot planting region in Zhangjiakou Area from May 3 to 5, 2014. By using the real-time MICAPS data and ground observations, the analysis for this weather process in weather cause, early climate background and forecast experience index was conducted. It was found that the strong high and low altitudes cold-air advection provided the basic advection temperature drop conditions for the frost damage; the continuous cold advection functions and rapidly developed northeast low pressure which was stably maintained in the north of Zhangjiakou was one of the key links for the long low temperature lasting time in this frost damage; a rainfall prior to the frost event was the main reason for the serious freeze injury of apricots. The accurate weather forecasts is an important foundation for the freeze injury defense for apricots and the frost forecast experience index can be a theoretical reference for preventing apricot freeze injury.

  Low Temperature Freezing Disaster: Risk Assessment Based on GIS Shi Chunyan,Zhang Qiandong,Zhang Yanfei,Liu Peng and Zhang Lu 2017, 33 (19):  116-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090042 Abstract + ( 642 )   PDF ( 1169KB )   ( 693 ) To mitigate low temperature freezing disaster and provide a basis for decision making on disaster prevention, based on disaster formation mechanism and risk assessment principle, we used climatic data, historical disaster data, geographic information data and social economy data to analyze 4 evaluation indexes (risk, susceptibility, vulnerability and the ability to prevent and mitigate natural disasters) and carry out risk assessment and comprehensive regionalization of low temperature freezing disaster in Changqing through GIS, AHP and weighting comprehensive evaluation method. The results showed that: the low temperature freezing disaster had no regular distribution law with strong spatialization and high comprehensive risk; the areas with the highest comprehensive risk were Wenchang, Wufengshan and parts of Shuangquan, which belonged to the key areas of low temperature freezing disaster prevention; light and low risks were mainly distributed in Pingan, Wande, Mashan and some parts of Guyunhu. The results can provide references for planning of crop planting and decision making on freezing disaster prevention.

  Snow Disaster: Loss Assessent on Farming Gao Yibo,Hu Bo,Ding Yeyi and Zhao Wujie 2017, 33 (19):  122-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030186 Abstract + ( 781 )   PDF ( 1016KB )   ( 347 ) The paper aims to analyze and assess the loss of snow disaster on farming in Ningbo. Based on the theory of natural disaster, considering the risk, exposure, vulnerability and the capabilities of disaster prevention and mitigation resulting in snow disaster loss, the authors selected a snowfall process in 2014 in Ningbo, and built the snow disaster loss assessment model by combining remote sensing, GIS technology and snow disaster loss. Combining the farm land extracted from land-use map, the authors divided the loss of the snow disaster into small loss, medium loss and high loss, and did zoning reviews. The results showed that: the largest area of snow disaster and the worst-hit area were all in Yuyao; there were no snow disaster loss in Haishu, Jiangdong and Jiangbei district. The high snow disaster loss areas were mainly in southern Yuyao and western mountainous Yinzhou where the altitude were high.

  Pepper in Wudu District, Gansu: Meteorological Condition Analysis and Climate Adaptability Regionalization Liu Li,Zhang Yan,Sun Chang and Pu Jing 2017, 33 (19):  126-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030121 Abstract + ( 732 )   PDF ( 946KB )   ( 489 ) The paper aims to study the suitable meteorological conditions for pepper growth so as to determine the corresponding meteorological index and geographic coverage, and support the scientific planning of pepper industry as well as making rational use of climatic resources in Wudu, which is with particular topographic and climatic conditions. Considering the whole growth period and the botanical developmental characteristics ofpepper, we conducted a contrastive observation between botanical developmental characteristics and meteorological data obtained by agricultural climate observing stations in continued two years based on the selection of typical pepper breeds. The critical periods of pepper development as well as dominant and subsidiary meteorological indexes that had the greatest effects on pepper growth were determined. After the region indexes were determined, the pepper plantation region of Wudu was analyzed by ideal condition, preferable condition, suitable condition and unsuitable condition. Finally, the suitable regionalized charts of pepper plantation in Wudu district were proposed through GIS. The results showed that: the districts whose altitude were between 900 m and 1200 m, such as the valleys, plains and gentle slope belts of mountains in southern Wudu area and Bailong river basin, were ideal climatic zones for planting pepper trees; meanwhile, the cold and damp mountainous areas in northwest of Wudu whose altitude was over 2000 m, as well as the dry and hot areas in Wudu whose altitude was below 700 m, were the most unsuitable climatic zones for planting pepper trees. The results are in according with the requirements of pepper growth and provide references for planning the pepper industry in Wudu.

  Effects of Herbicides on Weed Control and Grain Yield of Different Oat Varieties Wang Juan,Li Yinfan,Yang Fu,Li Gang and Zheng Minna 2017, 33 (19):  133-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060121 Abstract + ( 661 )   PDF ( 816KB )   ( 442 ) In order to choose high efficient and safe herbicide, field experiments were carried out in north Shanxi.‘Tianpu’herbicide (dominant ingredient was pendimethalin) was used as the test agent and 8 different types of oat varieties were used. The results showed that control effect of ‘Tianpu’ herbicide on Chenopodiaceae, Polygonaceae, Gramineae and Amaranthaceae weed was obvious, especially on Chenopodiaceae weed, the control effect reached the highest of 100%, and the control effect on Portulacaceae, Compositae and Convolvulaceae weed was not good;‘Tianpu’herbicide had certain inhibiting effect on ear length, round number and spikelet number, and had promoting effect on 1000 seed weight; the average grain yield of herbicide treatment increased by 70.5% and 4.3% respectively compared with that of no-herbicide treatment and artificial weeding treatment. This herbicide did not have obvious phytotoxicity effect on the after reap crop (rape), which could be used safely in oat-rape rotation.

  Occurrence Regularity of Thrips in Cowpea and Evaluation of Insecticides Qiu Haiyan,Fu Buli,Tang Liangde,Chen Junyu and Liu Kui 2017, 33 (19):  138-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060144 Abstract + ( 1692 )   PDF ( 634KB )   ( 802 ) To investigate the thrips species on the cowpea Vigna unguiculata and to explore the population trends of various kinds of thrips throughout the winter growing season of cowpea, the thrips species and number were surveyed weekly from 2014 to 2016 in Sanya, Hainan Province. The investigation indicated that there were four kinds of thrips: Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall), Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom), Thrips palmi Karny and Thrips hawaiiensis Morgan attacked cowpea. M. usitatus and T. palmi occured throughout the winter growing season of cowpea crop, when F. intonsa and T. hawaiiensis occurred only in flowering phase. M. usitatus was the dominant thrips species, and its occurrence peak appeared in the full bloom stage. F. intonsa was the second important thrips, and its quantity increased gradually in the later growth stage of cowpea. Though T. palmi increased in the bloom stage, it was still at a low level. T. hawaiiensis occurred occasionally, and was few in number. Field trials were carried out to evaluate the control efficiencies of new insecticides against thrips during the cowpea full bloom stage. The result indicated that spinetoram and matrine showed better control efficiency than acetamiprid (control) on thrips, and the control efficiencies of spinetoram and matrine were 79.14% and 62.14% respectively at 3 days after spraying (d.a.s.). But the control efficiencies of all treatments excepted spinetoram were less than 50% at 7 d.a.s.. These findings suggest that spinetoram and matrine were considered as optimal pesticides among the five new insecticides for managing thrips, which could be used in alternation with acetamiprid to control thrips in cowpea.

  Residue Analysis of Tebuconazole and Difenoconazole in Lonicera japonica Wang Xiaolin,Liu Yuxia,Gao Suxia,Yang Fan,Wang Fei and Liu Hongyan 2017, 33 (19):  143-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030103 Abstract + ( 1003 )   PDF ( 545KB )   ( 376 ) The paper aims to solve the problem of fungicides use in Lonicera japonica planting. Two broadspectrum fungicides, tebuconazole and difenoconazole, were used on L. japonica for root irrigation treatment in this study. Recommended dose, double recommended dose of fungicides for twice and triple times treatment were adopted. The final fungicide residues were analyzed. In the treatments of the first crop flowers,difenoconazole was not detectable, while for the second crop of flowers, tebuconazole residues was 0.14- 0.22 mg/kg which had a risk of exceeding standard. It is recommended to use 10% of difenoconazole WG of 4000 times dilution for the root treatment of L. japonica for 2-3 times with 15 days of safety interval.

  Study on Purple Sweet Potato Granules Yang Lei and Hu Ali 2017, 33 (19):  148-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030047 Abstract + ( 627 )   PDF ( 872KB )   ( 350 ) The aims are to reduce water content and prolong the preservation time of sweet potato. Glucoamylase and amylase were added in this study. The parameters of granules processing technology were optimized by response surface analysis (RSA). The optimal parameters of processing technology were as following: the steamed time was 9 min, amylase content was 130 U/g, glucoamylase : amylase was 4:1, dryingtemperature was 45℃, and sieving mesh was 80. The lowest starch content of purple sweet potato granules could be obtained according to the processing technological parameters, indicating that the quality of purple sweet potato granules was good, and the cell fragmentation was less.

  Quality Analysis of ‘Golden Fuji’ Harvested at Different Times Sun Yanxia,Song Laiqing,Qu Henghua,Tang Yan,Liu Meiying,Zhao Lingling and Jiang Zhongwu 2017, 33 (19):  152-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060137 Abstract + ( 607 )   PDF ( 507KB )   ( 305 ) The research aim was to analyze the difference of fruit quality and aroma components of‘Fuji’ apple picked up with bag and‘Fuji’apple of conventional picking in different periods, and to provide theoretical basis for timely harvest. The quality and aroma components of fruit were analyzed by routine fruit quality determination and solid phase micro extraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that from October 16 to 28, the content of soluble solid of‘Golden Fuji’increased from 12.1% to 14.75%, the content of Vc increased from 1.92 mg/100 g to 2.22 mg/100 g, the content of soluble sugar increased from 10.26% to 11.09% , the titratable acid decreased from 0.318% to 0.268%, and the hardness decreased from 8 kg/cm2 to 7 kg/cm2; 29 kinds of aroma components were tested in the fruits harvested on October 23, among which, types and content percentage of ester were the highest, respectively 15 and 65.2%, the feature components of aldehydes 2- hexene aldehydes and alcohols hexyl alcohol were also the highest, respectively 19.78% and 4.94%. Therefore, appropriate delayed harvest period is helpful to increase the fruit sugar degree and kinds of aroma components, but will affect fruit hardness and storage property, so we can harvest‘Golden Fuji’after October 20 according to different purposes.

  Study on Aromatic Components of Four Kinds Quince Fruits by SPME-GC-MS Che Yuhong,Wu Jinrong,Guo Chunmiao and Yang Bo 2017, 33 (19):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090063 Abstract + ( 643 )   PDF ( 602KB )   ( 314 ) The objective is to analyze the aromatic components in‘apple quince’,‘green quince’,‘rills of quince’and‘yellow quince’. Using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the relative contents of aroma components were calculated and compared by peak area normalization method. The results showed that 36, 47, 39 and 50 aromatic components were identified from mature fruits of‘apple quince’,‘green quince’,‘rills of quince’and‘yellow quince’, respectively. The 10 common components were identified in all the four quinces, the major components were esters and terpenoids, followed by alcohols. The main aromatic compounds of quince varieties were consistent, respectively 2- methyl ethyl butyrate, àfarnesene and octanoic acid ethyl ester, whose relative content was among the top five in each variety. The ‘apple quince’,‘rills of quince’and‘yellow quince’had fruity and wine flavor, while‘green quince’had fragrance. There were significant differences in aromatic trace components and relative contents among these four varieties, which did not play a decisive role (most relative content＜1% ). Hexanol, leaf alcohol and limonene had pharmacological effects on antitussive, antiasthmatic, sedative and others. Hexanol existed in apple quince, rills of quince and yellow quince, the content was 6.90%, 6.45% and 5.72%, respectively. Leaf alcohol and limonene only existed in‘rills of quince’and‘yellow quince’, which were 1.55% and 1.02%, 0.56% and 0.52%, respectively. The study could provide a theoretical basis for selecting‘rills of quince’and ‘yellow quince’as raw materials, which were used as extract food and medicine with quince essential oil.