Abstract: Rural settlement is the settled places that rural population living for agricultural and non-agricultural activities, and the social performance is the space gathering of the rural resident, it’s spatial and temporal changes and landscape pattern changes are influenced by many factors, such as natural environment, traditional culture, economic development and so on. In this paper, Through the data of three remote sensing images of Hongya County in 1997, 2006 and 2015 and combining with DEM elevation and slope data ,the spatial temporal evolution and landscape pattern of rural residential area in Hongya County were studied, and its influence factors were analyzed. The results show that：(1)From 1997 to 2015, the spatial distribution of the rural residential areas in Hongya County in 18 years shows a tendency of getting to together, and there is no change in the direction of geographic aggregation, which constant gradually focuse on the north of the Hongya County.(2)Slope of Hongya County had a great effect on the layout of the rural residential areas,,and rural residents more than 70% point distribution in the range of 0 to 5 °.Along with the increase of slope,the number of patches and patch area of the rural residential area are all shown as the first decrease and then decreased.(3)Altitude has significant influence on the distribution of rural residential areas in Hongya County,more than 55% of the residential distribution in the range of 0 to 500 m. From 1997 to 2015 in Hongya County, the rural settlements change trendSshows that the distribution in gradually optimized, farmers go down the hill and along the urban agglomeration is obvious. The research in order to provide reference for the new socialist countryside planning, land development and consolidation projects in the edge of Chengdu Plain.