Abstract: To rationally plan the planting structure in Guangxi and promote competitiveness of cassava industry, the exploratory spatial data analysis method was used to analyze the spatial distribution, gathering situation and variation of cassava planting in 88 counties of Guangxi in 2000, 2011, 2012 and 2013, and the influencing factors of spatial distribution evolution. The results showed that cassava planting in Guangxi had a trend of shifting to south, and north-south differentiation appeared. The line f“Longzhou—Fuchuan”divided Guangxi into two parts, and gradually formed a tripartite confrontation situation; cassava planting in Guangxi had a significantly positive spatial dependence, besides, the phenomenon of geographical clustering gradually changed from weakening to enhancement. The results of Moran scatter plot showed that the H-H clustering regions increased as well as L-L regions, and the individual differences were larger between the research units in the H-H clustering regions. Lisa clustering showed that a diffusion effect came out in local scope of Guangxi cassava planting, and the South- high- North- low spatial concentration distribution pattern appeared. The combined action of natural resources, the capacity of local cassava processing factories, the comparative effectiveness, the number of migrant workers and the wage income of rural households were the main reasons for the change of spatial distribution. The spatial correlation of cassava planting in Guangxi was identified, which laid a foundation for the spatial optimization and industrial development in cassava planting industry.