Abstract: Flesh browning is one of the important traits which affect the flesh quality of Luffa cylindrical . The genetic analysis of flesh browning degree in Luffa cylindrical was conducted, which provided a basis for quality improvement of Luffa cylindrical. The six generations (P1, P2, F1, B1, B2 and F2) crossed between‘YX014’(high browning, P1) and‘LJ-01’(browning-resistant, P2) were use as materials, the mixed major gen + polygene inheritance model was used to analyze the genetic model of browning traits in Luffa cylindrical. The results showed that the optimal genetic model of browning degree in Luffa cylindrical was E-1 model, which was controlled by two additive-dominant-epitasis major genes + additive-dominant polygenes. The heritability of major gene in the B1, B2 and F2 populations was 81.20%, 72.08% and 0.52%, respectively, and the heritability of polygenes in the B1, B2 and F2 generations was 0. The variance of the environment accounted for 18.8%, 27.92% and 99.48% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The results indicated that the browning of Luffa cylindrical was dominated by two major genes, and the hereditary effect was the dominant, meanwhile the environment influence was also obvious. The major-gene selection of B1 and B2 generations was high, the selection should be conducted in early generations. In the population improvement of Luffa cylindrical browning, the directional selection or recurrent selection should be used for the light browning single line to improve breeding efficiency.