Abstract: The paper aims to further understand the genetic diversity of pepper germplasm resources. 152 pairs of SSR primers were designed based on the whole genome coding region sequence of pepper. 4 different species of Capsicum were used to screen 152 pairs of primers, to obtain clear bands, good stability of 14 SSR polymorphic primers. Then, the 14 pairs of SSR primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 26 accessions of pepper germplasm resources. The results showed that the 14 pairs of SSR primers amplified 39 polymorphic bands, with an average of 2.79 loci amplified by each pair of primers, which showed that the SSR primers had higher practicability in the genetic analysis of pepper. Phylip software was used to conduct the cluster analysis of the 26 accessions of pepper germplasm resources, and divided the accessions into seven categories, and the results were basically consistent with the source of pepper species. This study can lay a foundation for the study and rational utilization of genetic diversity of pepper germplasm resources.