Distribution Characteristics of Beet Root Exudates in Seedling Stage

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0477

Abstract

Abstract:

The content and distribution of root exudates directly affect the population, structure and function of rhizosphere microorganisms, which indirectly affect the availability of rhizosphere nutrients and crop growth. In this study, the root exudates of sugar beet seedlings were collected and cultured in a sand culture basin. The three major types of root exudates were measured by high performance liquid chromatography, including the common 17 amino acids, 10 organic acids and 4 saccharides in soil. The contents and distribution of amino acids, organic acids and saccharides were analyzed at different distances from the surface of the beet root. The results showed that: in general, the content of root exudates from the organic nitrogen efficient variety ‘KWS8138’ was higher than that from the organic nitrogen inefficient variety ‘Beta176’, which decreased greatly from 0 to 5 mm from the root surface, and then gradually became flat. The total amino acid content, glycine, alanine, serine, arginine and tyrosine showed similar trends. The order of saccharides content was: glucose>fructose>sucrose>galactose. The content changing trend of oxalic acid and formic acid in the organic acid was that the farther away from the root surface, the lower and slower it was. Therefore, the distribution gradient of root exudates was formed along the surface of beet roots, which provided energy and carbon sources for rhizosphere microorganisms. The study could be a theoretical reference for the effective absorption and utilization of plant rhizosphere nutrients.

Key words: sugar beet, root exudates, distribution characteristics, rhizosphere, amino acid, organic acid, saccharides

CLC Number:

S566.3

Wang Qiuhong, Song Baiquan, Wang Xiaochun, Jing Ruonan, Yang Xiya, Zhou Jianchao. Distribution Characteristics of Beet Root Exudates in Seedling Stage[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(17): 13-18.

Figures/Tables 8

References 28

[1]	Haney C H, Samuel B S, Bush J, et al. Associations with rhizosphere bacteria can confer an adaptive advantage to plants[J]. Nature Plants, 2015,1(6):15051. doi: 10.1038/nplants.2015.51 URL
[2]	Oburger E, Jones D L. Sampling root exudates-mission impossible?[J]. Rhizosphere, 2018,6:116-133. doi: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2018.06.004 URL
[3]	Bais H P, Weir T L, Perry L G, et al. The role of root exudates in rhizosphere interactions with plants and other organisms[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2006,57:233-266. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105159 URL
[4]	Philippot L, Hallin S, Börjesson G, et al. Biochemical cycling in the rhizosphere having an impact on global change[J]. Plant Soil, 2009,321:61-81. doi: 10.1007/s11104-008-9796-9 URL
[5]	张福锁. 根分泌物及其在植物营养中的作用[J]. 北京农业大学学报, 1992,18(4):353-357.
[6]	Curl E A, Truelove B. The Rhizosphere[M]. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986.
[7]	Heim A, Brunner I, Frey B, et al. Root exudation, organic acids, and element distribution in roots of Norway spruce seedlings treated with aluminum in hydroponics[J]. Journal of plant nutrition and soil science, 2001,164:519-526.
[8]	O'Sullivan C A, Whisson K, Treble K, et al. Biological nitrification inhibition by weeds, wild radish, brome grass, wild oats and annual ryegrass decrease nitrification rates in their rhizospheres[J]. Crop & Pasture Science, 2017,68:798-804.
[9]	王秋红, 郭亚宁, 胡晓航, 等. 不同有机氮效率的甜菜基因型筛选及差异分析[J]. 植物研究, 2017,37(4):563-571.
[10]	彭春雪, 耿贵, 於丽华, 等. 不同浓度钠对甜菜生长及生理特性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014,(2):59-465.
[11]	孙宝利, 黄金丽, 贺小蔚, 等. 高效液相色谱法测定土壤中有机酸[J]. 分析试验室, 2010,29(5):51-54.
[12]	侯松嵋, 孙敬, 何红波, 等. AQC柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱法测定土壤中氨基酸[J]. 分析化学, 2006,34(10):1395-1400.
[13]	蔡心尧, 朱叶. 高效液相色谱测定糖类[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 1985(5):13-22.
[14]	Haney C H, Samuel B S, Bush J, et al. Associations with rhizosphere bacteria can confer an adaptive advantage to plants[J]. Nature Plants, 2015,1(6):15051. doi: 10.1038/nplants.2015.51 URL
[15]	Badri D V, Vivanco J M. Regulation and function of root exudates[J]. Plant Cell & Environment, 2009,32:666-681.
[16]	Dakora F D, Phillips D A. Root exudates as mediators of mineral acquisition in low-nutrient environments[J]. Plant Soil, 2002,245:35-47. doi: 10.1023/A:1020809400075 URL
[17]	Moe L A. Amino acids in the rhizosphere: from plants to microbes[J]. American Journal of Botany, 2013,100:1692-1705. doi: 10.3732/ajb.1300033 URL
[18]	Farrar J, Hawes M, Jones D L, et al. How roots control the flux of carbon to the rhizosphere[J]. Ecology, 2003,84:827-837. doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0827:HRCTFO]2.0.CO;2 URL
[19]	Yu Z, Zhang Q, Kraus T, et al. Contribution of amino compounds to dissolved organic nitrogen in forest soils[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2002,61:173-198. doi: 10.1023/A:1020221528515 URL
[20]	Grayston S J, Wang S, Campbell C D, et al. Selective influence of plant species on microbial diversity in the rhizosphere[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1998,30:369-378. doi: 10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00124-7 URL
[21]	Kuzyakov Y. Review: factors affecting rhizosphere priming effects[J]. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2002,165:382-396.
[22]	Read D J, Perez-Moreno J. Mycorrhizas and nutrient cycling in ecosystems - a journey towards relevance?[J]. New Phytologist, 2003,157:475-492. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00704.x URL
[23]	Jones D L, Darrah P R. Amino-acid influx at the soil-root interface of Zea mays L. and its implications in the rhizosphere[J]. Plant & Soil, 1994,163(1):1-12.
[24]	Larrainzar E, Wienkoop S, Scherling C, et al. Carbon metabolism and bacteroid functioning are involved in the regulation of nitrogen fixation in Medicago truncatula under drought and recovery[J]. Molecular Plant Microbe Interact, 2009,22:1565-1576. doi: 10.1094/MPMI-22-12-1565 URL
[25]	Okumoto S, Funck D, Trovato M, et al. Editorial: amino acids of the glutamate family: functions beyond primary metabolism[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016,7:318. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00318 pmid: 27047503
[26]	Hoffland E. Quantitative evaluation of the role of organic acid exudation in the mobilization of rock phosphate by rape[J]. Plant and Soil, 1992,140:279-289. doi: 10.1007/BF00010605 URL
[27]	Dinkelaker B, Rmheld V, Marschner H. Citric acid excretion and precipitation of calcium citrate in the rhizosphere of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.)[J]. Plant Cell & Environment, 2010,12(3):285-292.
[28]	Jones D L, Darrah P R. Re-sorption of organic compounds by roots of Zea mays L. and its consequences in the rhizosphere[J]. Plant & Soil, 1996,178(1):153-160.

类别	基因型	来源	倍性	粒性
有机氮高效材料	KWS8138	德国KWS公司	二倍体	单粒
有机氮低效材料	Beta176	美国Beta公司	二倍体	多粒

类别	基因型	来源	倍性	粒性
有机氮高效材料	KWS8138	德国KWS公司	二倍体	单粒
有机氮低效材料	Beta176	美国Beta公司	二倍体	多粒

名称		配制浓度	石英砂中用量/(mL/kg)
Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O		1 mol/L	3.57
MgSO₄·7H₂O		1 mol/L	2
KH₂PO₄		1 mol/L	2.11
K₂SO₄		0.5 mol/L	2.16
CaCl₂		1 mol/L	1.43
EDTA-Fe	EDTA（乙二胺四乙酸）	2.9 g/L	4
	FeSO₄·7H₂O	2.8 g/L
	KOH	3.3 g/L
混合微素	H₃BO₃	2.89 g/L	1
	MnSO₄·H₂O	2.50 g/L
	ZnSO₄·7H₂O	1.67 g/L
	CuSO₄·H₂O	0.08 g/L

名称		配制浓度	石英砂中用量/(mL/kg)
Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O		1 mol/L	3.57
MgSO₄·7H₂O		1 mol/L	2
KH₂PO₄		1 mol/L	2.11
K₂SO₄		0.5 mol/L	2.16
CaCl₂		1 mol/L	1.43
EDTA-Fe	EDTA（乙二胺四乙酸）	2.9 g/L	4
	FeSO₄·7H₂O	2.8 g/L
	KOH	3.3 g/L
混合微素	H₃BO₃	2.89 g/L	1
	MnSO₄·H₂O	2.50 g/L
	ZnSO₄·7H₂O	1.67 g/L
	CuSO₄·H₂O	0.08 g/L