Rational Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates Improving the Bacterial Community Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Winter Wheat Tillage Soil

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1058

Abstract

Abstract:

Through the study of soil bacterial community diversity and soil physicochemical properties of winter wheat under different nitrogen application rates in the Loess Plateau, the changes of soil bacterial community structure under different nitrogen application rates are revealed, which can provide a basis for scientific fertilization and sustainable soil ecosystem. The experiment set treatments of 5 different nitrogen rates, which were 0 (N0), 90 (N6), 180 (N12), 240 (N16) and 300 (N20) kg/hm², and N0 treatment was used as a control. Using the high-throughput sequencing method, the effects of different nitrogen application rates on soil bacterial community structure and physicochemical properties were studied. The results showed that the increase of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the soil water-stable aggregate mean weight diameter (MWD) (P<0.05). With the increase of nitrogen application rate, soil enzyme activity first increased and then decreased, and the soil enzyme activity was the highest under N12 treatment. The nitrogen application rates had a significant effect on the soil bacterial diversity index. The 16S rRNA gene copy number of soil bacteria in different nitrogen application treatments was 6.47×10¹⁰ to 15.18×10¹⁰, which reached the maximum in N12 treatment. At the level of the phylum, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi and Gemmatimonadetes were the dominant in the 15 samples; N12 treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Nitrospira, and the relative abundance of Acidobacteria was the lowest in N12 treatment. Principal component analysis results showed that N12 treatment was far away from other treatments. Redundancy analysis showed that soil physicochemical properties and soil enzymes were closely related to bacterial communities. Therefore, the nitrogen application rate could significantly affect the soil bacterial community structure and physicochemical properties. When the nitrogen application rate is 180 kg/hm², it is beneficial to increasing the bacterial community diversity and improving the soil structure.

Key words: nitrogen application rate, soil, bacterial community structure, physicochemical properties, winter wheat

CLC Number:

S154.3

LIU Qi, GAO Zhiqiang, YANG Zhenping, QIAO Yuejing. Rational Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates Improving the Bacterial Community Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Winter Wheat Tillage Soil[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(30): 77-84.

Figures/Tables 6

References 31

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处理	pH	全氮/ (g/kg)	容重/ (g/cm³)	土壤重量含水率/ %	平均重量直径/ mm	蔗糖酶活性/ [mg/(g·24 h)]	脲酶活性/ [mg/(g·24 h)]	磷酸酶活性/ [mg/(g·24 h)]
N0	8.00 a	1.36 a	1.54 a	10.75 c	1.36 c	13.47 c	0.59 c	1.74 ab
N6	7.98 a	1.36 a	1.49 b	11.74 b	1.17 cd	16.84 b	0.57 c	1.59 b
N12	7.98 a	1.40 a	1.40 c	12.52 a	2.46 a	18.24 ab	0.87 a	1.94 a
N16	7.94 b	1.46 a	1.39 c	12.37 a	1.87 b	19.42 a	0.86 a	1.79 ab
N20	7.92 b	1.35 a	1.39 c	12.29 a	0.86 d	12.77 c	0.72 b	1.71 ab

处理	pH	全氮/ (g/kg)	容重/ (g/cm³)	土壤重量含水率/ %	平均重量直径/ mm	蔗糖酶活性/ [mg/(g·24 h)]	脲酶活性/ [mg/(g·24 h)]	磷酸酶活性/ [mg/(g·24 h)]
N0	8.00 a	1.36 a	1.54 a	10.75 c	1.36 c	13.47 c	0.59 c	1.74 ab
N6	7.98 a	1.36 a	1.49 b	11.74 b	1.17 cd	16.84 b	0.57 c	1.59 b
N12	7.98 a	1.40 a	1.40 c	12.52 a	2.46 a	18.24 ab	0.87 a	1.94 a
N16	7.94 b	1.46 a	1.39 c	12.37 a	1.87 b	19.42 a	0.86 a	1.79 ab
N20	7.92 b	1.35 a	1.39 c	12.29 a	0.86 d	12.77 c	0.72 b	1.71 ab

处理	序列数	Chao1指数	ACE指数	Shannon指数	Simpson指数
N0	40061a	2335.12b	2521.09b	10.26c	0.99845a
N6	28861b	2560.50b	2751.35b	10.30c	0.99850a
N12	34362ab	3229.18a	3316.93a	10.41a	0.99863a
N16	32653ab	3052.21a	3286.77a	10.36b	0.99826a
N20	32019ab	2802.14b	2872.81b	10.36b	0.99847a

处理	序列数	Chao1指数	ACE指数	Shannon指数	Simpson指数
N0	40061a	2335.12b	2521.09b	10.26c	0.99845a
N6	28861b	2560.50b	2751.35b	10.30c	0.99850a
N12	34362ab	3229.18a	3316.93a	10.41a	0.99863a
N16	32653ab	3052.21a	3286.77a	10.36b	0.99826a
N20	32019ab	2802.14b	2872.81b	10.36b	0.99847a