Fruit Quality Performance of Litchi chinensis ‘Guiwei’ and Regional Test Cultivars in Yongde of Yunnan

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0833

Abstract

Abstract:

The fruit quality of the major litchi cultivar ‘Guiwei’ in Yongde County of Yunnan Province and seven other litchi cultivars of regional test were evaluated to make suggestions for the improvement of ‘Guiwei’ quality and cultivar breeding. The fruit quality of ‘Guiwei’ and the seven regional test cultivars collected in 30 orchards were determined, graded and ranked according to the quality weight-added score and economic benefit index. Meanwhile, the pollination source and air temperature during the flowering period were analyzed to explain the reason of the low aborted-seed rate of ‘Guiwei’. The results showed that the average fruit weight, total soluble solids (TSS), and edible percentage of ‘Guiwei’ were 22.53 g, 19.27%, and 76.61%, respectively. The average fruit weight and TSS of ‘Guiwei’ from Yongde County were higher than those of ‘Guiwei’ in most Guangdong litchi producing areas. While, the aborted-seed rate of ‘Guiwei’ in Yongde was only 44.00%, lower than that in most Guangdong litchi producing areas. The seven regional test cultivars of litchi were better than ‘Guiwei’ according to the evaluation results of the economic benefit index. According to the data of fruit quality performance of the regional test, the introduction of cultivars was successful except litchi cultivar ‘Lingfengnuo’. Mixed-planting of ‘Guiwei’ with the big kernel cultivar ‘Huaizhi’ could cause the synchronized flowering period of the two cultivars, and pollination source plus the long-term low temperature during pollination was speculated to be related to the low aborted-seed rate of ‘Guiwei’. The present paper suggests that increasing the aborted-seed rate is the key to improve the fruit quality and economic benefits of ‘Guiwei’. Some cultivars including ‘Wuheli’, ‘Guifeihong’, ‘Bingli’ and ‘Xianjinfeng’ show excellent performance in the regional test of introduction, and can be the alternatives to improve the local litchi cultivars.

Key words: Litchi chinensis ‘Guiwei’, fruit quality, regional test of introduction, seed abortion, Yongde

ZHENG Jian, RUI Danping, GAO Xianyu, ZHANG Huiyun, SONG Yunlian, PAN Jihong, YU Weilin, WANG Yuequan, LIU Siyuan, ZHENG Pingqing, LUO Xinping. Fruit Quality Performance of Litchi chinensis ‘Guiwei’ and Regional Test Cultivars in Yongde of Yunnan[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(4): 44-51.

Figures/Tables 6

References 39

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品种	审认定编号	品种特性	单果重/g	可溶性固形物/%	可食率/%	焦核率/%	参考文献
冰荔	粤审果2018001	优质、焦核、不易裂果	20.70	19.40	75.30	—	[27]
贵妃红	热品审2014003	果大、丰产、质优	35.40	18.70	73.50	46.00	[28]
观音绿	粤审果2012002	肉质细软，香甜蜜味、品质特优	21.00~25.00	18.50	81.60	95.00	[29]
仙进奉	粤审果2011009	迟熟、抗裂、优质	25.00	19.10	79.00	85.00	[30]
凤山红灯笼	粤审果2011005	坐果力强、抗裂	25.50	17.80	80.00	82.00	[31]
岭丰糯	粤审果2010002	果肉细嫩、爽脆，品质上乘	25.80	17.60~18.80	80.40	95.60	[32]
无核荔	粤审果2005002	果实较大、无核、品质优	35.31	16.00~18.00	80.00	90.00	[33]

品种	审认定编号	品种特性	单果重/g	可溶性固形物/%	可食率/%	焦核率/%	参考文献
冰荔	粤审果2018001	优质、焦核、不易裂果	20.70	19.40	75.30	—	[27]
贵妃红	热品审2014003	果大、丰产、质优	35.40	18.70	73.50	46.00	[28]
观音绿	粤审果2012002	肉质细软，香甜蜜味、品质特优	21.00~25.00	18.50	81.60	95.00	[29]
仙进奉	粤审果2011009	迟熟、抗裂、优质	25.00	19.10	79.00	85.00	[30]
凤山红灯笼	粤审果2011005	坐果力强、抗裂	25.50	17.80	80.00	82.00	[31]
岭丰糯	粤审果2010002	果肉细嫩、爽脆，品质上乘	25.80	17.60~18.80	80.40	95.60	[32]
无核荔	粤审果2005002	果实较大、无核、品质优	35.31	16.00~18.00	80.00	90.00	[33]

果园编号		单果重/g		果皮重/g	种子重/g	焦核率/%		可溶性固形物/%		可食率/%		品质加权分		排名
1		23.75		4.23	1.22	40.00		19.72		76.90		75.655		7
2		21.61		3.58	1.22	60.00		19.14		78.03		73.911		17
3		24.87		4.47	0.70	90.00		20.14		79.26		77.812		1
4		19.05		3.33	0.66	90.00		19.65		79.16		74.043		15
5		21.03		3.79	1.97	10.00		20.09		72.65		73.593		20
6		19.18		3.45	0.92	80.00		19.93		77.49		74.066		14
7		25.82		4.31	1.31	40.00		19.62		78.18		76.904		4
8		22.08		3.77	0.81	70.00		20.67		79.37		77.523		2
9		26.45		4.50	1.63	30.00		18.56		76.91		74.741		9
10		17.41		3.02	0.87	60.00		18.93		77.87		71.431		28
11		24.35		4.19	1.52	20.00		18.85		76.36		74.095		13
果园编号	单果重/g		果皮重/g		种子重/g		焦核率/%		可溶性固形物/%		可食率/%		品质加权分	排名
12	21.21		3.91		1.60		40.00		20.11		73.98		74.177	12
13	22.61		3.55		2.18		0.00		18.58		74.61		72.140	25
14	24.49		4.14		2.22		20.00		19.30		74.15		74.262	11
15	25.55		4.47		1.68		50.00		18.65		76.43		74.310	10
16	22.11		3.77		1.74		20.00		19.24		75.12		73.333	22
17	22.31		3.88		0.49		100.00		18.59		80.34		73.990	16
18	23.07		3.96		1.49		40.00		20.03		76.39		75.751	6
19	22.50		3.66		1.11		70.00		19.58		78.83		75.455	8
20	21.78		4.03		1.89		20.00		18.77		72.89		71.511	27
21	22.07		3.83		0.55		80.00		18.40		80.19		73.457	21
22	22.33		3.40		2.23		0.00		18.99		74.76		72.842	24
23	23.11		4.16		1.43		50.00		20.52		76.15		76.620	5
24	24.18		3.93		1.55		20.00		18.53		77.39		73.756	18
25	21.10		3.81		2.35		0.00		19.07		70.72		71.011	30
26	26.61		4.63		2.91		0.00		17.72		71.63		71.387	29
27	18.47		2.97		0.81		70.00		19.50		79.59		73.622	19
28	22.69		3.71		1.75		30.00		18.75		76.03		72.993	23
29	21.88		4.08		0.80		70.00		20.82		77.74		77.149	3
30	22.20		3.41		1.24		50.00		17.65		79.10		71.712	26
均值	22.53		3.86		1.43		44.00		19.27		76.61		74.108
标准差	2.23		0.42		0.60		29.70		0.81		2.55		1.87
最大值	26.61		4.63		2.91		100.00		20.82		80.34		77.81
最小值	17.41		2.97		0.49		0.00		17.65		70.72		71.01
变异系数	0.099		0.108		0.421		0.674		0.042		0.033		0.025

果园编号		单果重/g		果皮重/g	种子重/g	焦核率/%		可溶性固形物/%		可食率/%		品质加权分		排名
1		23.75		4.23	1.22	40.00		19.72		76.90		75.655		7
2		21.61		3.58	1.22	60.00		19.14		78.03		73.911		17
3		24.87		4.47	0.70	90.00		20.14		79.26		77.812		1
4		19.05		3.33	0.66	90.00		19.65		79.16		74.043		15
5		21.03		3.79	1.97	10.00		20.09		72.65		73.593		20
6		19.18		3.45	0.92	80.00		19.93		77.49		74.066		14
7		25.82		4.31	1.31	40.00		19.62		78.18		76.904		4
8		22.08		3.77	0.81	70.00		20.67		79.37		77.523		2
9		26.45		4.50	1.63	30.00		18.56		76.91		74.741		9
10		17.41		3.02	0.87	60.00		18.93		77.87		71.431		28
11		24.35		4.19	1.52	20.00		18.85		76.36		74.095		13
果园编号	单果重/g		果皮重/g		种子重/g		焦核率/%		可溶性固形物/%		可食率/%		品质加权分	排名
12	21.21		3.91		1.60		40.00		20.11		73.98		74.177	12
13	22.61		3.55		2.18		0.00		18.58		74.61		72.140	25
14	24.49		4.14		2.22		20.00		19.30		74.15		74.262	11
15	25.55		4.47		1.68		50.00		18.65		76.43		74.310	10
16	22.11		3.77		1.74		20.00		19.24		75.12		73.333	22
17	22.31		3.88		0.49		100.00		18.59		80.34		73.990	16
18	23.07		3.96		1.49		40.00		20.03		76.39		75.751	6
19	22.50		3.66		1.11		70.00		19.58		78.83		75.455	8
20	21.78		4.03		1.89		20.00		18.77		72.89		71.511	27
21	22.07		3.83		0.55		80.00		18.40		80.19		73.457	21
22	22.33		3.40		2.23		0.00		18.99		74.76		72.842	24
23	23.11		4.16		1.43		50.00		20.52		76.15		76.620	5
24	24.18		3.93		1.55		20.00		18.53		77.39		73.756	18
25	21.10		3.81		2.35		0.00		19.07		70.72		71.011	30
26	26.61		4.63		2.91		0.00		17.72		71.63		71.387	29
27	18.47		2.97		0.81		70.00		19.50		79.59		73.622	19
28	22.69		3.71		1.75		30.00		18.75		76.03		72.993	23
29	21.88		4.08		0.80		70.00		20.82		77.74		77.149	3
30	22.20		3.41		1.24		50.00		17.65		79.10		71.712	26
均值	22.53		3.86		1.43		44.00		19.27		76.61		74.108
标准差	2.23		0.42		0.60		29.70		0.81		2.55		1.87
最大值	26.61		4.63		2.91		100.00		20.82		80.34		77.81
最小值	17.41		2.97		0.49		0.00		17.65		70.72		71.01
变异系数	0.099		0.108		0.421		0.674		0.042		0.033		0.025

果园编号	焦核情况（焦核数/测量数）	果园内和临近果园荔枝品种
1	4/10	桂味、怀枝、大红袍、黑叶
2	6/10	桂味、怀枝
3	9/10	桂味、怀枝、黑叶
4	9/10	桂味、怀枝、大红袍、黑叶
5	1/10	桂味、怀枝、大红袍、黑叶、贵妃红
6	8/10	桂味、怀枝、大红袍、黑叶
7	4/10	桂味、怀枝、黑叶，白腊
8	7/10	桂味、怀枝、黑叶，三月红
9	3/10	桂味、怀枝、大红袍
10	6/10	桂味、怀枝、大红袍、黑叶
11	2/10	桂味、怀枝、大红袍、黑叶
12	4/10	桂味、怀枝、黑叶、白腊、三月红
13	0/10	桂味、怀枝、大红袍、黑叶
14	2/10	桂味、怀枝、大红袍、黑叶
15	5/10	桂味、怀枝、大红袍、黑叶
16	2/10	桂味、怀枝、大红袍、黑叶
17	10/10	桂味、怀枝、大红袍、黑叶、白腊
18	4/10	桂味、怀枝、黑叶
19	7/10	桂味、怀枝
20	2/10	桂味、怀枝、大红袍、黑叶、贵妃红、无核荔
21	8/10	桂味、怀枝
22	0/10	桂味、怀枝
23	5/10	桂味、怀枝、大红袍、黑叶
24	2/10	桂味、怀枝、妃子笑
25	0/10	桂味、怀枝、大红袍
26	0/10	桂味、怀枝
27	7/10	桂味、怀枝
28	3/10	桂味、怀枝、大红袍、黑叶
29	7/10	桂味、怀枝、三月红、妃子笑、黑叶、冰荔、观音绿、岭丰糯
30	5/10	桂味、怀枝、大红袍、黑叶、白腊