Abstract:

In order to explore the breeding direction of new rice varieties in the Huanghuai rice region, this study focused on nationally approved rice varieties in the Huanghuai rice region in the past 10 years (2013-2022), and analyzed the basic situation, characters, and change trends of rice varieties. The results showed that the number of nationally approved rice varieties in the Huanghuai rice region first increased and then decreased. The average annual increment in yield was 49.5 kg/hm². The four yield factors including effective panicles, grain numbers per panicle, seed setting rate, and 1000-grain weight all assumed an increase with each year, increasing by 3600/hm², 1.03 grains, 0.12%, and 0.11g respectively. Grain numbers per panicle and 1000-grain weight contributed more to the yield growth, while the effective panicles were negatively correlated with yield. The head rice rate and amylose content were relatively ideal, while chalkiness degree was poor. Gel consistency showed a decreasing trend. The neck blast gradually became heavier. The breeding of rice varieties in the Huanghuai rice region should focus on pursuing large panicles on the basis of appropriate number of panicles, and ensure seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight by enhancing photosynthetic characteristic through ideal plant type; chalkiness was the main indicator limiting the quality of rice in the Huanghuai rice region, and attention should be paid to the selection of gel consistency; the resistance of rice blast resistant genes was weakening, and it was necessary to continue exploring and introducing resistance sources or resistance genes.

Key words: rice varieties, yield, rice quality, blast resistance, Huanghuai rice region, evolutionary trend, rice quality characteristics