Effects of Biogas Slurry Irrigation on Accumulation and Leaching of Soil Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Low Hilly Orchards in Southern China

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0139

Abstract

Abstract:

To understand the impact of long-term irrigation with biogas slurry as a water source on soil nutrient accumulation and leaching in orchards of the southern low hills, three citrus orchards with a large-scale pig farms-biogas-orchard cycle system were selected, and their soil types were red sandstone soil, red soil and bole soil, respectively. Representative plots for each of the orchards with biogas slurry irrigation time of 0 (control), 2-3 and 5-7 years were selected, soil samples at different depths were collected from all selected plots for measuring soil quality indicators, including pH, bulk density, organic carbon, active organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and phosphorus saturation. The results showed that long-term biogas slurry irrigation could significantly increase the pH value and organic carbon of 0-30 cm soil in orchards, reduce the bulk density of corresponding soil layers, and increase the active organic carbon of 0-45 cm soil. Long term biogas slurry irrigation could significantly increase the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soils, with total nitrogen mainly accumulating in the 0-30 cm soil layer, total phosphorus mainly accumulating in the 0-15 cm soil layer, and effective phosphorus accumulating in the 0-45 cm soil layer. The depth of effective nitrogen accumulation could reach over 60 cm depth. Research had shown that carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus introduced by biogas slurry mainly underwent leaching in their active forms (active organic carbon, NH₄-N, NO₃-N, available phosphorus) downwards, and the vertical leaching of nitrogen was significantly higher than that of phosphorus. The significant accumulation of available nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface soil and the vertical leaching of available nitrogen and phosphorus into deep soil indicate the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in long-term biogas slurry irrigation.

Key words: biogas slurry, irrigation, orchard, nitrogen, phosphorus, environmental risks, soil nutrients, nutrient accumulation, leaching risk

SHANG Xiaolan, XU Zhu, ZHANG Haijuan, ZHANG Mingkui. Effects of Biogas Slurry Irrigation on Accumulation and Leaching of Soil Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Low Hilly Orchards in Southern China[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(29): 52-58.

Figures/Tables 4

References 26

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土壤	采样深度/cm	pH			容重/(g/cm³)
土壤	采样深度/cm	0 a	2~3 a	5~7 a	0 a	2~3 a	5~7 a
红砂土	0~15	4.65 b	4.72 ab	4.83 a	1.37 a	1.36 a	1.32 b
	15~30	4.53 b	4.51 b	4.69 a	1.42 a	1.42 a	1.39 a
	30~45	4.48 a	4.52 a	4.51 a	1.45 a	1.47 a	1.46 a
	45~60	4.51 a	4.49 a	4.53 a	1.45 a	1.43 a	1.44 a
	60~75	4.42 a	4.45 a	4.41 a	1.48 a	1.51 a	1.49 a
	75~90	4.49 a	4.53 a	4.48 a	1.62 a	1.61 a	1.59 a
红泥土	0~15	5.24 b	5.32 ab	5.42 a	1.34 a	1.34 a	1.31 b
	15~30	5.19 a	5.23 a	5.29 a	1.41 a	1.39 ab	1.38 b
	30~45	5.23 a	5.24 a	5.21 a	1.44 a	1.46 a	1.45 a
	45~60	5.17 a	5.23 a	5.22 a	1.46 a	1.45 a	1.47 a
	60~75	5.22 a	5.21 a	5.18 a	1.53 a	1.54 a	1.51 a
	75~90	5.16 a	5.20 a	5.19 a	1.58 a	1.59 a	1.57 a
红粘土	0~15	5.68 b	5.72 b	5.88 a	1.29 a	1.26 ab	1.23 b
	15~30	5.69 b	5.72 ab	5.81 a	1.38 a	1.37 ab	1.34 b
	30~45	5.58 a	5.63 a	5.62 a	1.39 a	1.40 a	1.37 a
	45~60	5.61 a	5.61 a	5.58 a	1.45 a	1.47 a	1.46 a
	60~75	5.53 a	5.57 a	5.56 a	1.49 a	1.52 a	1.52 a
	75~90	5.57 a	5.59 a	5.53 a	1.56 a	1.58 a	1.57 a

土壤	采样深度/cm	pH			容重/(g/cm³)
土壤	采样深度/cm	0 a	2~3 a	5~7 a	0 a	2~3 a	5~7 a
红砂土	0~15	4.65 b	4.72 ab	4.83 a	1.37 a	1.36 a	1.32 b
	15~30	4.53 b	4.51 b	4.69 a	1.42 a	1.42 a	1.39 a
	30~45	4.48 a	4.52 a	4.51 a	1.45 a	1.47 a	1.46 a
	45~60	4.51 a	4.49 a	4.53 a	1.45 a	1.43 a	1.44 a
	60~75	4.42 a	4.45 a	4.41 a	1.48 a	1.51 a	1.49 a
	75~90	4.49 a	4.53 a	4.48 a	1.62 a	1.61 a	1.59 a
红泥土	0~15	5.24 b	5.32 ab	5.42 a	1.34 a	1.34 a	1.31 b
	15~30	5.19 a	5.23 a	5.29 a	1.41 a	1.39 ab	1.38 b
	30~45	5.23 a	5.24 a	5.21 a	1.44 a	1.46 a	1.45 a
	45~60	5.17 a	5.23 a	5.22 a	1.46 a	1.45 a	1.47 a
	60~75	5.22 a	5.21 a	5.18 a	1.53 a	1.54 a	1.51 a
	75~90	5.16 a	5.20 a	5.19 a	1.58 a	1.59 a	1.57 a
红粘土	0~15	5.68 b	5.72 b	5.88 a	1.29 a	1.26 ab	1.23 b
	15~30	5.69 b	5.72 ab	5.81 a	1.38 a	1.37 ab	1.34 b
	30~45	5.58 a	5.63 a	5.62 a	1.39 a	1.40 a	1.37 a
	45~60	5.61 a	5.61 a	5.58 a	1.45 a	1.47 a	1.46 a
	60~75	5.53 a	5.57 a	5.56 a	1.49 a	1.52 a	1.52 a
	75~90	5.57 a	5.59 a	5.53 a	1.56 a	1.58 a	1.57 a

土壤	采样深度/cm	有机碳			活性有机碳
土壤	采样深度/cm	0 a	2~3 a	5~7 a	0 a	2~3 a	5~7 a
红砂土	0~15	5.23 c	5.87 b	6.74 a	1.97 b	2.26 b	2.85 a
	15~30	4.28 b	4.55 a	4.76 a	1.03 c	1.41 b	1.65 a
	30~45	2.43 a	2.41 a	2.35 a	0.41 b	0.51 a	0.53 a
	45~60	2.14 a	2.11 a	2.09 a	0.29 a	0.32 a	0.31 a
	60~75	2.03 a	2.12 a	2.15 a	0.23 a	0.20 a	0.21 a
	75~90	1.74 a	1.71 a	1.78 a	0.19 a	0.22 a	0.21 a
红泥土	0~15	11.68 c	12.97 b	13.79 a	3.59 b	4.52 ab	5.14 a
	15~30	8.54 b	9.05 ab	9.64 a	2.04 b	2.59 ab	3.12 a
	30~45	3.24 a	3.29 a	3.18 a	0.78 a	0.76 a	0.82 a
	45~60	1.18 a	1.17 a	1.23 a	0.32 a	0.31 a	0.35 a
	60~75	1.09 a	1.10 a	1.04 a	0.24 a	0.24 a	0.22 a
	75~90	0.65 a	0.72 a	0.71 a	0.21 a	0.20 a	0.22 a
红粘土	0~15	14.69 b	15.47 b	16.33 a	3.97 b	4.74 ab	5.24 a
	15~30	6.25 b	7.46 ab	8.54 a	1.43 b	2.14 a	2.65 a
	30~45	3.25 a	3.29 a	3.32 a	0.38 a	0.42 a	0.53 a
	45~60	1.74 a	1.72 a	1.68 a	0.21 a	0.24 a	0.23 a
	60~75	1.03 a	1.09 a	1.01 a	0.16 a	0.17 a	0.15 a
	75~90	0.54 a	0.63 a	0.61 a	0.12 a	0.11 a	0.13 a

土壤	采样深度/cm	有机碳			活性有机碳
土壤	采样深度/cm	0 a	2~3 a	5~7 a	0 a	2~3 a	5~7 a
红砂土	0~15	5.23 c	5.87 b	6.74 a	1.97 b	2.26 b	2.85 a
	15~30	4.28 b	4.55 a	4.76 a	1.03 c	1.41 b	1.65 a
	30~45	2.43 a	2.41 a	2.35 a	0.41 b	0.51 a	0.53 a
	45~60	2.14 a	2.11 a	2.09 a	0.29 a	0.32 a	0.31 a
	60~75	2.03 a	2.12 a	2.15 a	0.23 a	0.20 a	0.21 a
	75~90	1.74 a	1.71 a	1.78 a	0.19 a	0.22 a	0.21 a
红泥土	0~15	11.68 c	12.97 b	13.79 a	3.59 b	4.52 ab	5.14 a
	15~30	8.54 b	9.05 ab	9.64 a	2.04 b	2.59 ab	3.12 a
	30~45	3.24 a	3.29 a	3.18 a	0.78 a	0.76 a	0.82 a
	45~60	1.18 a	1.17 a	1.23 a	0.32 a	0.31 a	0.35 a
	60~75	1.09 a	1.10 a	1.04 a	0.24 a	0.24 a	0.22 a
	75~90	0.65 a	0.72 a	0.71 a	0.21 a	0.20 a	0.22 a
红粘土	0~15	14.69 b	15.47 b	16.33 a	3.97 b	4.74 ab	5.24 a
	15~30	6.25 b	7.46 ab	8.54 a	1.43 b	2.14 a	2.65 a
	30~45	3.25 a	3.29 a	3.32 a	0.38 a	0.42 a	0.53 a
	45~60	1.74 a	1.72 a	1.68 a	0.21 a	0.24 a	0.23 a
	60~75	1.03 a	1.09 a	1.01 a	0.16 a	0.17 a	0.15 a
	75~90	0.54 a	0.63 a	0.61 a	0.12 a	0.11 a	0.13 a

土壤	采样深度/cm	全氮/(g/kg)			NO₃-N/(mg/kg)			NH₄-N/(mg/kg)
土壤	采样深度/cm	0 a	2~3 a	5~7 a	0 a	2~3 a	5~7 a	0 a	2~3 a	5~7 a
红砂土	0~15	0.48b	0.52ab	0.57a	6.35b	10.22a	13.58a	10.25b	12.54b	15.69a
	15~30	0.39b	0.43a	0.43a	52.6b	12.54a	14.25a	6.25b	10.14a	12.54a
	30~45	0.22a	0.21a	0.23a	2.54b	6.24a	5.64a	4.52c	6.59b	9.54a
	45~60	0.19a	0.17a	0.18a	3.12b	4.32ab	6.35a	3.52b	4.88ab	5.24a
	60~75	0.19a	0.22a	0.21a	1.29b	3.22a	4.24a	2.01a	3.25a	2.98a
	75~90	0.18a	0.18a	0.20a	1.12b	4.24a	5.69a	1.87a	1.92a	1.69a
红泥土	0~15	1.14b	1.19ab	1.23a	7.32b	11.54a	13.98a	6.58b	10.54	13.98a
	15~30	0.78b	0.82ab	0.85a	9.54b	13.59a	12.65a	7.25b	10.23a	12.41a
	30~45	0.31a	0.33a	0.32a	5.87b	8.54ab	10.56a	5.24c	8.65b	10.56a
	45~60	0.10a	0.11a	0.098a	5.29b	7.69a	8.52a	4.32b	7.41a	8.54a
	60~75	0.086a	0.089a	0.085a	3.65b	5.26a	5.69a	5.69a	5.97a	6.25a
	75~90	0.072a	0.074a	0.071a	1.58a	1.48a	2.01a	3.54a	2.86a	2.98a
红粘土	0~15	1.23c	1.32b	1.42a	6.98b	13.54a	12.54a	5.44c	11.74b	14.55a
	15~30	0.59b	0.64b	0.73a	3.25b	8.54a	10.59a	3.59b	10.22a	12.65a
	30~45	0.31a	0.29a	0.29a	3.65c	6.98b	11.54a	4.28b	6.59b	9.58a
	45~60	0.16a	0.16a	0.15a	2.45b	5.47a	6.98a	4.13b	4.65b	5.47a
	60~75	0.087a	0.091a	0.093a	2.24b	2.09b	3.14a	2.65a	3.42a	3.15a
	75~90	0.065a	0.068a	0.071a	2.69a	2.94a	2.71a	3.14a	3.52a	2.98a