Analysis of Soil Respiration Characteristics in Rape Field of Dry Slope Land Under Different Soil Fertility Conditions

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0682

Abstract

Abstract:

Soil fertility significantly influences soil respiration rate and carbon emission in farmland ecosystem. The study took four soils with different fertility levels as influencing factors, and they were named F₁, F₂, F₃ and F₄ according to fertility from low to high. The research focused on the change patterns of soil respiration rate (including microbial respiration rate, root respiration rate and total respiration rate) and their relationships with soil moisture and temperature during growth periods of rapeseed. The characteristics of soil respiration under different fertility conditions were elucidated. Correlation analysis showed that soil respiration rates were positively correlated with soil moisture and temperature, and highly significant correlations observed between microbial respiration rate, total respiration rate and moisture, temperature. The results indicated that soil moisture, temperature and soil respiration rates exhibited an increasing trend during the growth period of rapeseed, and the specific performance was: seedling stage (bud stage) < flowering stage (pod stage). The soil moisture, temperature and soil respiration rates were higher in F₄ compared to the other three fertility levels, with soil respiration rates reaching a significant level. Total carbon emissions from F₄ were the highest, being 71.83%, 43.35% and 25.98% higher than those from F₁, F₂, and F₃, respectively. Additionally, the yield of F₄ was significantly higher by 147.35%, 59.50% and 19.98% compared to F₁, F₂, and F₃, respectively. In terms of carbon emission efficiency, F₃ showed significantly higher efficiency (5.13%-57.70%) compared to the other three fertility levels, and its total carbon emissions were significantly lower by 25.98% compared to F₄. In summary, while F₄ achieved high rapeseed yields, it also had higher total carbon emissions; F₃ demonstrated relatively low total carbon emission. These findings suggested that human intervention could regulate these outcomes in future studies. The results provided valuable insights into understanding carbon emission behavior and the sensitivity of soil respiration rates to soil moisture and temperature in rapeseed fields.

Key words: soil fertility, farmland ecosystem, carbon emissions, rapeseed yield, soil respiration rate

YANG Tingting, TIAN Xiaoqin, LI Zhuo, LIU Yonghong, LI Haojie. Analysis of Soil Respiration Characteristics in Rape Field of Dry Slope Land Under Different Soil Fertility Conditions[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(13): 89-96.

Figures/Tables 6

References 59

[1]	赵光帅, 普政功, 黄奇波, 等. 增温和降水改变对土壤CO₂释放影响研究进展[J]. 地球科学, 2024, 49(12):4608-4621.
[2]	李锐, 杨恒山, 邰继承, 等. 浅埋滴灌条件下优化施氮对春玉米田温室气体排放的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2020, 28(6):154-161.
[3]	POST W M, EMANUEL W R, ZINKE P J, et al. Soil carbon pools and world life zones[J]. Nature, 1982, 298:156-159.
[4]	武开阔, 张哲, 武志杰, 等. 不同秸秆还田量和氮肥配施对玉米田土壤CO₂排放的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(3):664-670. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202203.013
[5]	潘根兴, 李恋卿, 张旭辉, 等. 中国土壤有机碳库量与农业土壤碳固定动态的若干问题[J]. 地球科学进展, 2003(4):609-618. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2003.04.0609
[6]	杨元合, 石岳, 孙文娟, 等. 中国及全球陆地生态系统碳源汇特征及其对碳中和的贡献[J]. 中国科学:生命科学, 2022, 52(4):534-574.
[7]	PIAO S L, FANG J Y, CIAIS P, et al. The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in China[J]. Nature, 2009, 458:1009-1013.
[8]	林克涛, 陈杨, 叶颉, 等. 福建省农田植被净碳汇时空格局分析[J]. 宁德师范学院学报(自然科学版), 2021, 33(4):414-423.
[9]	赵明月, 刘源鑫, 张雪艳. 农田生态系统碳汇研究进展[J]. 生态学报, 2022, 42(23):9405-9416.
[10]	朴世龙, 张新平, 陈安平, 等. 极端气候事件对陆地生态系统碳循环的影响[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2019, 49(9):1321-1334.
[11]	黄坚雄, 陈源泉, 隋鹏, 等. 农田温室气体净排放研究进展[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2011, 21(8):87-94.
[12]	PIAO S L, HE Y, WANG X H, et al. Estimation of China's terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink: Methods, progress and prospects[J]. Science China (Earth Sciences)2022, 65(4):641-651.
[13]	童荣鑫, 梁迅, 关庆锋, 等. 2000—2020年中国陆地土壤碳储量及土地管理碳汇核算[J]. 地理学报, 2023, 78(9):2209-2222. doi: 10.11821/dlxb202309006
[14]	王建伟, 李东晓, 王红光, 等. 中国典型农业生态系统的固碳减排现状、影响因素及减排措施[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(6):67-74. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0242
[15]	张芳芳, 胡跃, 刘士山, 等. 施氮量对成都平原直播油菜氮肥利用率和农田氮素表观平衡的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2022, 40(4):558-564.
[16]	TIAN X Q, ZHAO Y N, CHEN Z Y, et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on yield and nitrogen utilization of film side planting rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different soil fertility conditions[J]. Journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 2023(23):368-379.
[17]	徐爽, 阚雨晨. 不同肥力水平的土壤紧实度与含水量的相关度分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(36):94-100. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1223
[18]	刘子熙, 王治统, 赵德强, 等. 土壤增温和秸秆还田对土壤养分和胞外酶活性的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2023, 43(23):9867-9876.
[19]	黄锦学, 熊德成, 刘小飞, 等. 增温对土壤有机碳矿化的影响研究综述[J]. 生态学报, 2017, 37(1):12-24.
[20]	高雅芳, 王雷, 杜海波, 等. 长白山苔原带土壤温度与肥力随海拔的变化特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(4):702-714. doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0076
[21]	刘思春, 张一平, 高俊凤, 等. 不同肥力水平下土壤-植物-大气连续系统水势温度效应研究[J]. 西北农业学报, 1996(4):54-58.
[22]	SIERRA C A, TRUMBORE S E, DAVIDSON E A, et al. Sensitivity of decomposition rates of soil organic matter with respect to simultaneous changes in temperature and moisture[J]. Journal of advances in modeling earth systems, 2015, 7(1):335-356.
[23]	RO H M, JI Y, LEE B. Interactive effect of soil moisture and temperature regimes on the dynamics of soil organic carbon decomposition in a subarctic tundra soil[J]. Geosciences journal, 2018, 22(1):121-130.
[24]	QIU Y, FU B J, WANG J, et al. Quantitative analysis of relationships between spatial and temporal variation of soil moisture content and environmental factors at a gully catchment of the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta ecologica sinica, 2000, 20(5):741-747.
[25]	郑帅. 温带森林土壤有机质分解对土壤含水量变化的响应[D]. 长春: 东北师范大学, 2019.
[26]	单秀枝, 魏由庆, 严慧峻, 等. 表土有机质含量对水盐运动影响的模拟研究[J]. 土壤肥料, 1996(5):2-6.
[27]	文启凯, 赖忠盛, 郭源. 土壤持水力与土壤有机质的关系[J]. 新疆农业科学, 1992(4):159-160.
[28]	宋春雨, 张兴义. 不同施肥措施对黑土土壤水分及保水性的影响[J]. 农业系统科学与综合研究, 2007(2):161-165.
[29]	WU J E, ZENG H H, ZHAO F. Recognizing the role of plant species composition in the modification of soil nutrients and water in rubber agroforestry systems[J]. The Science of the total environment, 2020, 723:138042.
[30]	刘效东, 乔玉娜, 周国逸. 土壤有机质对土壤水分保持及其有效性的控制作用[J]. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(12):1209-1218. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01209
[31]	石艳艳. 不同沟垄集雨覆盖模式对旱地农田土壤肥力及马铃薯生长的影响[D]. 银川: 宁夏大学, 2023.
[32]	齐玉春, 郭树芳, 董云社, 等. 灌溉对农田温室效应贡献及土壤碳储量影响研究进展[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(9):1764-1773. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.09.011
[33]	陈书涛, 刘巧辉, 胡正华, 等. 不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸空间变异的影响因素[J]. 环境科学, 2013, 34(3):1017-1025.
[34]	马忠明, 陈娟. 耕作方式对灌区春小麦田土壤呼吸的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2023, 43(5):650-659.
[35]	邱盛媛, 陈豪, 黎祖尧, 等. 厚竹林覆盖期内土壤温度与CO₂排放速率的相关性[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2022, 42(11):119-127.
[36]	宋丽, 李娇娇, 周鑫胜, 等. 太原市2个典型林分冬季土壤呼吸及其对温度和水分的响应[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2020, 48(3):84-88+94.
[37]	彭亚敏. 陇中旱作农田土壤呼吸对氮磷添加的响应及影响因素[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2021.
[38]	马志良, 刘美, 赵文强. 增温对高寒灌丛土壤呼吸不同组分的影响机制[J]. 生态环境学报, 2019, 28(3):636-642. doi: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2019.03.026
[39]	DOMÍNGUEZ M T, HOLTHOF E, SMITH A R, et al. Contrasting response of summer soil respiration and enzyme activities to long-term warming and drought in a wet shrubland (NE Wales, UK)[J]. Applied soil ecology, 2017(110):151-155.
[40]	周晓华, 罗永清, 高春, 等. 并发和滞后影响自养和异养异常温暖的年份土壤呼吸的组成部分:反卷积分析[J]. 新增功能植物学家, 2010, 187(1):184-198.
[41]	刘爽, 张兴义. 保护性耕作下黑土水热动态研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2010, 28(6):15-22.
[42]	YANG J S, LIU J S, HU X J, et al. Effect of water table level on CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O emissions in a freshwater marsh of Northeast China[J]. Soil biology and biochemistry, 2013(61):52-60.
[43]	WILDUNG R E, GARLAND T R, BUSCHOM R L. The interdependent effects of soil temperature and moisture content on soil respiration rate and plant root decomposition in arid grassland soils[J]. Soil biology and biochemistry, 1975(7):373-378.
[44]	RETH S, REICHSTEIN M, FALGE E. The effect of soil moisture content, soil temperature, soil pH-value and the root mass on soil CO₂ efflux- A modified model[J]. Plant and soil, 2005(1):21-33.
[45]	WAGAI R, BRYE K R, GOWWER S T, et al. Land use and environmental factors influencing soil surface CO₂ flux and microbial biomass in natural and managed ecosystems in southern Wisconsin[J]. Soil biology and biochemistry, 1998, 30(12):1501-1509.
[46]	TUCKER C L, BELL J, PENDALL E, et al. Does declining carbon-use efficiency explain thermal acclimation of soil respiration with warming?[J]. Global change biology, 2012, 19(1):252-263.
[47]	张赛, 王龙昌, 张晓雨, 等. 紫色土丘陵区保护性耕作下旱地土壤呼吸及影响因素[J]. 土壤学报, 2014, 51(3):520-530.
[48]	贾凤梅, 张淑花, 魏雅冬. 不同耕作方式下玉米农田土壤养分及土壤微生物活性变化[J]. 水土保持研究, 2018, 25(5):112-117.
[49]	李典友, 章玉成. 土壤有机碳及其影响因素[J]. 农业科学, 2020, 10(10):803-810.
[50]	张维理, KOLBE H, 张认连. 土壤有机碳作用及转化机制研究进展[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(2):317-331. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.02.007
[51]	任立军, 赵文琪, 李金, 等. 不同施肥模式对设施土壤CO₂排放特征及碳平衡的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2022, 53(4):874-881.
[52]	葛萍. 不同林分土壤溶解性有机碳氮和土壤呼吸特点及其影响因素[D]. 合肥: 安徽农业大学, 2013.
[53]	李志霞, 秦嗣军, 吕德国, 等. 植物根系呼吸代谢及影响根系呼吸的环境因子研究进展[J]. 植物生理学报, 2011, 47(10):957-966.
[54]	RODEGHIERO M, CESCATTI A. Main determinants of forest soil respiration along an elevation/temperature gradient in the Italian Alps[J]. Global change biology, 2005, 11(7):1024-1041.
[55]	SMITH V R. Soil respiration and its determinants on a Sub-Antarctic Island[J]. Soil biology and biochemistry, 2003, 35(1):77-91.
[56]	WANG Q K, YU Y Z, HE T X, et al. Aboveground and belowground litter have equal contributions to soil CO₂ emission: an evidence from a 4-year measurement in a subtropical forest[J]. Plant and soil, 2017, 421:7-17.
[57]	张俊丽, SIKANDER K T, 温晓霞, 等. 不同耕作方式下旱作玉米田土壤呼吸及其影响因素[J]. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(18):192-199.
[58]	孙赫奕, 王庆贵. 土壤呼吸的主要影响因素研究进展[J]. 土壤科学, 2021, 9(2):81-87.
[59]	张俊丽, 张锦丽, 赵晓进, 等. 不同耕作方式下旱作玉米田土壤CO₂排放量及其与土壤水热的关系[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2018, 36(4):88-93.

土层/cm	肥力水平	有机质/(g/kg)	总氮/(g/kg)	总磷/(g/kg)	总钾/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	有效钾/(mg/kg)
0~20	F₁	8.08	0.06	0.77	30.8	157.28	7.3	61.67
	F₂	11.7	0.06	0.79	31.13	172.52	10.27	65.67
	F₃	14.18	0.08	0.87	31.67	204.84	24.67	80.33
	F₄	16.33	0.1	0.99	33.17	246.99	25.03	98.67
20~40	F₁	5.87	0.05	0.7	30.5	148.9	6.37	54.67
	F₂	10.83	0.06	0.72	30.63	168.42	8.9	58.67
	F₃	13.17	0.06	0.83	31.33	175.15	23.4	67.67
	F₄	15.73	0.1	0.88	32.23	223.17	23.87	89.33

土层/cm	肥力水平	有机质/(g/kg)	总氮/(g/kg)	总磷/(g/kg)	总钾/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	有效钾/(mg/kg)
0~20	F₁	8.08	0.06	0.77	30.8	157.28	7.3	61.67
	F₂	11.7	0.06	0.79	31.13	172.52	10.27	65.67
	F₃	14.18	0.08	0.87	31.67	204.84	24.67	80.33
	F₄	16.33	0.1	0.99	33.17	246.99	25.03	98.67
20~40	F₁	5.87	0.05	0.7	30.5	148.9	6.37	54.67
	F₂	10.83	0.06	0.72	30.63	168.42	8.9	58.67
	F₃	13.17	0.06	0.83	31.33	175.15	23.4	67.67
	F₄	15.73	0.1	0.88	32.23	223.17	23.87	89.33

指标	土壤温度				土壤含水率
指标	关系方程	R²	r	Q₁₀	关系方程	R²	r
根系呼吸率	y=0.1783e^0.0792^x	0.467	0.594^*	2.21	y=0.0095x²-0.0667x+0.143	0.5536	0.567^*
微生物呼吸速率	y=1.4673e^0.0404^x	0.7883	0.878^**	1.5	y=0.0431x²-0.8056x+5.9591	0.701	0.786^**
总呼吸速率	y=1.6602e^0.0463^x	0.7896	0.809^**	1.59	y=0.062x²-1.1017x+7.3874	0.7482	0.741^**

指标	土壤温度				土壤含水率
指标	关系方程	R²	r	Q₁₀	关系方程	R²	r
根系呼吸率	y=0.1783e^0.0792^x	0.467	0.594^*	2.21	y=0.0095x²-0.0667x+0.143	0.5536	0.567^*
微生物呼吸速率	y=1.4673e^0.0404^x	0.7883	0.878^**	1.5	y=0.0431x²-0.8056x+5.9591	0.701	0.786^**
总呼吸速率	y=1.6602e^0.0463^x	0.7896	0.809^**	1.59	y=0.062x²-1.1017x+7.3874	0.7482	0.741^**

处理	生育期	碳排放量/(kg C/hm²)			碳排放总量/(kg C/hm²)	产量/(kg/hm²)	碳排放效率/(kg/kg)
处理	生育期	总呼吸	微生物呼吸	根系呼吸	碳排放总量/(kg C/hm²)	产量/(kg/hm²)	碳排放效率/(kg/kg)
F₁	苗期	1118.60	1056.60	61.99	3792.88d	1021.39d	0.26d
	蕾苔期	816.92	727.76	89.16
	开花期	965.16	780.01	185.15
	角果期	1072.20	880.16	192.05
F₂	苗期	1380.05	1283.02	97.03	4546.48c	1583.97c	0.35c
	蕾苔期	938.21	831.43	106.78
	开花期	1066.61	811.53	255.08
	角果期	1161.62	912.81	248.81
F₃	苗期	1493.26	1374.66	118.6	5173.43b	2105.77b	0.41a
	蕾苔期	1037.73	895.71	142.03
	开花期	1213.35	852.89	360.46
	角果期	1429.09	995.23	433.86
F₄	苗期	1657.68	1504.04	153.64	6517.30a	2526.42a	0.39b
	蕾苔期	1194.27	986.93	207.34
	开花期	1647.67	1024.26	623.42
	角果期	2017.67	1265.81	751.86