Effects of Combined Application of Biochar and Urea on Soil Nutrient, Respiration and Rape Yield in Dryland Purple Soil

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0674

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to preliminarily clarify the application effects of biochar and different urea, providing theoretical basis for the rational application of biochar and urea in purple soil in southwestern arid areas, this paper explores the effects of biochar combined with different urea on soil nutrient, soil respiration, and rapeseed yield. Taking purple soil in arid land as the research object, three kinds of urea, including common urea (UR), slow release urea (RU) and 60% common urea+40% slow release urea (40% RU) were set, and biochar with mass fraction of 0% (C0) and 2% (C1) was added in each pot respectively. The soil nutrient content, soil respiration and rape yield were measured after 233 days. The results indicated that soils nutrient status was significantly improved by the addition of biochar on different urea, with the best treatment being 40% RUC1. Compared with 40%RUC0, the organic matter content, total N, K and alkeline-N in 40%RUC1 were significantly increased by 9.31 g/kg, 0.08 g/kg, 0.19 g/kg and 4.43 mg/kg respectively. Compared with urea, biochar was the main effect factor of soil respiration. After adding biochar under the three urea treatments, the soil carbon flux was increased in each growth period, and the increase of RU was the smallest, while the average soil carbon flux during the growing period of 40%RU was lowest. The number of effective pods, number of grains per pod, thousand-seed weight and yield were increased under the combination of biochar with UR and 40%RU, and 40%RUC1 was the best treatment, while the yield factors and yield of rapeseed under the combination of biochar with RU treatment were decreased compared to RU treatment. Considering the improvement of soil nutrient status, reduction of carbon emissions and promotion of rapeseed yield, 2% biochar with 40%RU are suitable for large-scale application in rapeseed cultivation for purple soil in southwest dryland.

Key words: biochar, nitrogen fertilizer, soil nutrients, soil respiration, rape, yield, soil carbon emissions, dry land, purple soil

TIAN Xiaoqin, LI Zhuo, LIU Yonghong. Effects of Combined Application of Biochar and Urea on Soil Nutrient, Respiration and Rape Yield in Dryland Purple Soil[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(13): 13-18.

Figures/Tables 4

References 26

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项目	处理	有机质/(g/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	全磷/(g/kg)	全钾/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)
测定值	URC0	10.48d	0.63c	1.06b	14.24c	40.25b	4.46a	82.18a
	URC1	16.14b	0.76a	1.08b	15.23bc	42.47ab	4.67a	82.49a
	RUC0	7.13f	0.66c	1.06b	16.18ab	42.35ab	4.61a	84.00a
	RUC1	11.51c	0.70b	1.14b	17.66a	42.70ab	4.55a	84.24a
	40%RUC0	8.46e	0.66c	1.05b	16.87ab	40.37b	3.46a	83.83a
	40%RUC1	17.78a	0.74a	1.24a	17.42a	44.80a	4.49a	85.06a
P	尿素	0.000^**	0.041^*	0.060	0.000^**	0.273	0.396	0.102
	生物炭	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.020^*	0.004^**	0.343	0.466
	尿素+生物炭	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.027^*	0.613	0.078	0.527	0.848

项目	处理	有机质/(g/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	全磷/(g/kg)	全钾/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)
测定值	URC0	10.48d	0.63c	1.06b	14.24c	40.25b	4.46a	82.18a
	URC1	16.14b	0.76a	1.08b	15.23bc	42.47ab	4.67a	82.49a
	RUC0	7.13f	0.66c	1.06b	16.18ab	42.35ab	4.61a	84.00a
	RUC1	11.51c	0.70b	1.14b	17.66a	42.70ab	4.55a	84.24a
	40%RUC0	8.46e	0.66c	1.05b	16.87ab	40.37b	3.46a	83.83a
	40%RUC1	17.78a	0.74a	1.24a	17.42a	44.80a	4.49a	85.06a
P	尿素	0.000^**	0.041^*	0.060	0.000^**	0.273	0.396	0.102
	生物炭	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.020^*	0.004^**	0.343	0.466
	尿素+生物炭	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.027^*	0.613	0.078	0.527	0.848

因素	苗期	蕾苔期	开花期	角果期
尿素	0.325	0.739	0.008^**	0.911
生物炭	0.000^**	0.013^**	0.001^**	0.081
尿素+生物炭	0.028^*	0.801	0.082	0.956

因素	苗期	蕾苔期	开花期	角果期
尿素	0.325	0.739	0.008^**	0.911
生物炭	0.000^**	0.013^**	0.001^**	0.081
尿素+生物炭	0.028^*	0.801	0.082	0.956

项目	处理	有效角果数/(个/株)	每角粒数/粒	千粒重/g	产量/(g/株)
测定值	URC0	59b	16a	3.24b	2.49c
	URC1	62b	16a	3.34ab	2.57c
	RUC0	73ab	16a	3.35ab	3.09b
	RUC1	55b	14a	3.35ab	2.36c
	40%RUC0	73ab	17a	3.57a	3.55a
	40%RUC1	86a	18a	3.58a	3.65a
P	尿素	0.004^**	0.044^*	0.002^**	0.000^**
	生物炭	0.841	0.745	0.456	0.004^**
	尿素+生物炭	0.018^*	0.211	0.698	0.000^**