Effects of Bacillus flexus E1 Combined with Organic Fertilizer Application on Leaching Desalination and Fertility Enhancement of Saline-alkali Soil

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0274

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of combined application of bacterial agent and organic fertilizer on the remediation of coastal saline-alkali soil, a simulated indoor soil column leaching experiment was conducted. Different treatments, including BF (bacterial agent B. flexus E1 alone), OC (organic fertilizer alone), BO (combined application of B. flexus E1 and organic fertilizer), and CK (control), were compared for their effects on leaching rate, desalination rate, water-stable aggregates (>0.25 mm) and soil nutrients. The results showed that the amendments significantly influenced the above indicators. Compared with CK, the leaching rates of the BF, OC, and BO treatments increased by 1.4, 1.3, and 1.0 times, respectively, while the desalination rates were significantly increased by 223.6%, 237.3%, and 151.0%, respectively. BO demonstrated the best improvement in soil structure and nutrient enhancement, with water-stable aggregates, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium increasing by 104.6%, 128.3%, 594.9%, 212.0% and 233.1%, respectively, compared to CK. The leaching rate and desalination rate were significantly positively correlated with the aggregate content. The ranking of improvement effectiveness across treatments was BO>BF>OC>CK. The combined application of B. flexus E1 and organic fertilizer could effectively improve soil structure, enhance nutrient levels, and promote salt leaching through synergistic effects, representing an efficient strategy for the remediation of coastal saline-alkali soil.

Key words: saline-alkali soil, Bacillus flexus, organic fertilizer, desalination rate, water-stable macroaggregates, principal component analysis

CLC Number:

S156.4

LIU Binghua, LIU Xinghong, PENG Lin, SUN Mingjie, WANG Bo, LIU Fangchun, MA Hailin. Effects of Bacillus flexus E1 Combined with Organic Fertilizer Application on Leaching Desalination and Fertility Enhancement of Saline-alkali Soil[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(19): 123-129.

Figures/Tables 9

References 35

[1]	HASSANI A, AZAPAGIC A, SHOKRI N. Global predictions of primary soil salinization under changing climate in the 21st century[J]. Nature communications, 2021, 12:6663. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26907-3 pmid: 34795219
[2]	ZHU W, GU S, JIANG R, et al. Saline-alkali soil reclamation contributes to soil health improvement in China[J]. Agriculture, 2024, 14:1210. doi: 10.3390/agriculture14081210 URL
[3]	杨劲松, 姚荣江, 王相平, 等. 中国盐渍土研究:历程、现状与展望[J]. 土壤学报, 2022, 59(1):10-27.
[4]	TAROLLI P, LUO J, PARK E, et al. Soil salinization in agriculture: Mitigation and adaptation strategies combining nature-based solutions and bioengineering[J]. iScience, 2024, 27:108830. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108830 URL
[5]	MUKHOPADHYAY R, SARKAR B, JAT H S, et al. Soil salinity under climate change: Challenges for sustainable agriculture and food security[J]. Journal of environmental management, 2021, 280:111736. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111736 URL
[6]	FAISAL M, RAZA A, BATOOL A, et al. Unveiling the impacts of soil salinity: Challenges, mechanisms, and sustainable solutions[J]. Scholars Journal of agriculture and veterinary sciences, 2024, 11:152-162. doi: 10.36347/sjavs.2024.v11i08.002 URL
[7]	邢硕, 邹荣松, 李素艳, 等. 耐盐碱根际微生物在盐碱地生态修复中的应用[J]. 世界林业研究, 2024, 37(5):30-36.
[8]	李慧芬, 方安然, 冯海霞, 等. 胞外多糖产生菌的筛选鉴定及其促生改土作用[J]. 微生物学通报, 2023, 50(5):1941-1957.
[9]	LI D P, QI Z H, GUO J, et al. Study on the screening of high-efficiency salt and alkali-tolerant microbial agents and their roles and mechanisms in enhancing saline-alkaline soil remediation[J]. Journal of cleaner production, 2025, 519:145992. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145992 URL
[10]	郭彦钊, 巨秦伟, 于烽, 等. 枯草芽孢杆菌hs032对盐碱土理化性质及弥散能力的影响[J]. 土壤, 2024, 56(4):807-816.
[11]	王娜娜, 何宗均, 董昱辰, 等. 耐盐碱菌株的筛选及其对玉米幼苗促生效果的评估[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(30):8-17. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0127
[12]	刘丙花, 丁延芹, 刘方春, 等. 一株高产胞外多糖巨大芽孢杆菌的筛选鉴定、发酵条件优化及其对土壤团聚体的影响[J]. 微生物学报, 2024, 64(10):3968-3979.
[13]	JING D W, LIU F C, LIU B H, et al. Effects of biochar and PGPR application on the physicochemical properties and humus components of soil used for planting fruit mulberry seedlings under salt stress[J]. Biology, 2025, 14:1441. doi: 10.3390/biology14101441 URL
[14]	DAI Y, Wu X, Li S, et al. Optimizing resource management with organic fertilizer and microbial inoculants to enhance soil quality, microbial diversity, and crop productivity in newly cultivated land[J]. Plants, 2025, 14:3032. doi: 10.3390/plants14193032 URL
[15]	WANG L, ZHANG L. A review on the improvement of saline-alkali soil by organic fertilizer[J]. Academic journal of science and technology, 2024, 10:10-11. doi: 10.54097/80pha530 URL
[16]	毛晓曦, 管培彬, 马理, 等. 有机物料配施菌剂对设施次生盐渍化土壤的修复效果[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(26):80-87. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0844
[17]	张晓丽, 王国丽, 常芳弟, 等. 生物菌剂对根际盐碱土壤理化性质和微生物区系的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(10):1984-1992. doi: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.10.006
[18]	鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法[M]. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 2000.
[19]	裴亚楠, 吕卫光, 郭涛, 等. 秸秆还田配施促腐菌剂对土壤团聚体及其养分的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(12):3357-3363. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202312.018
[20]	张术伟, 王卓然, 常春艳, 等. 黄三角濒海区土壤水盐时空分异特征及耦合关系分析[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022, 36(4):299-308.
[21]	张恩, 王彬, 白小龙, 等. 不同改良物料对内蒙河套平原盐碱土壤改良效果研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(32):44-49. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0189
[22]	XIAO M, JIANG S, LI J, et al. Synergistic effects of bio-organic fertilizer and different soil amendments on salt reduction, soil fertility, and yield enhancement in salt-affected coastal soils[J]. Soil tillage research, 2025, 248:106433. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2024.106433 URL
[23]	刘亚龙, 王萍, 汪景宽. 土壤团聚体的形成和稳定机制:研究进展与展望[J]. 土壤学报, 2023, 60(3):627-643.
[24]	谭文峰, 许运, 史志华, 等. 胶结物质驱动的土壤团聚体形成过程与稳定机制[J]. 土壤学报, 2023, 60(5):1297-1308.
[25]	张铭, 蔡鹏, 吴一超, 等. 细菌胞外聚合物:基于土壤生态功能的视角[J]. 土壤学报, 2022, 59(2):308-323.
[26]	刘哲, 陈田庆, 孙增慧, 等. 长期施用不同有机物料对土壤团聚体特征的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2018, 3:100-107.
[27]	武晋民, 白小龙, 张恩, 等. 改良物料投入对内蒙盐碱地土壤理化性状、玉米光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2025, 34(8):1467-1475.
[28]	张贵芹, 王洪章, 郭新送, 等. 有机物料投入对滨海盐渍地土壤理化性状和夏玉米产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50:2323-2334. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.43002
[29]	蔡婧晖, 黄立华, 刘伯顺, 等. 盐碱土与非盐碱土团聚体差异、改良影响及启示[J]. 水土保持学报, 2025, 39(5):1-12.
[30]	马馥扬, 曹巍巍, 彭昊, 等. 不同改良剂对盐渍土壤的综合改良效应研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2025, 44(1):89-96.
[31]	董心亮, 王金涛, 田柳, 等. 盐渍化土壤团聚体和微生物与有机质关系研究进展[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2023, 31(3):364-372.
[32]	殷启杰, 姜建武, 殷汉琴, 等. 有机物料投入对新垦耕地土壤养分和微生物代谢的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(4):969-983. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202504.007
[33]	ZUO W, XU L, QIU M, et al. Effects of different exogenous organic materials on improving soil fertility in coastal saline-alkali soil[J]. Agronomy, 2022, 13:61. doi: 10.3390/agronomy13010061 URL
[34]	刘国辉, 买文选, 田长彦. 施用有机肥对盐碱土的改良效果:Meta分析[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2023, 40(1):86-96.
[35]	秦学, 崔钰爽, 黄魁, 等. 有机肥调控盐碱土氮循环的微生物驱动机制[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(9):2694-2702. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202509.017

处理	平均淋洗速率/(mL/d)	淋出液Na⁺含量/(g/L)	Na⁺淋出率/%
BF	106.52±2.00a	16.71±1.09a	67.8±4.1a
OC	103.97±5.53a	16.07±1.32a	67.5±3.6a
BO	86.33±2.44b	15.85±0.87ab	65.9±2.1ab
CK	44.16±1.26c	13.54±1.16c	55.4±1.7c
F值	61.667^***	14.252^**	14.251^**

处理	平均淋洗速率/(mL/d)	淋出液Na⁺含量/(g/L)	Na⁺淋出率/%
BF	106.52±2.00a	16.71±1.09a	67.8±4.1a
OC	103.97±5.53a	16.07±1.32a	67.5±3.6a
BO	86.33±2.44b	15.85±0.87ab	65.9±2.1ab
CK	44.16±1.26c	13.54±1.16c	55.4±1.7c
F值	61.667^***	14.252^**	14.251^**

处理	pH	电导率/(mS/cm)	脱盐率/%
BF	8.63±0.11a	2.01±0.02c	41.3±3.7a
OC	8.21±0.03b	1.94±0.22c	43.1±5.1a
BO	8.59±0.03a	2.38±0.17b	32.1±2.8b
CK	8.45±0.12a	3.15±0.53a	12.8±2.0c
F值	17.142^***	161.517^***	552.817^***

处理	pH	电导率/(mS/cm)	脱盐率/%
BF	8.63±0.11a	2.01±0.02c	41.3±3.7a
OC	8.21±0.03b	1.94±0.22c	43.1±5.1a
BO	8.59±0.03a	2.38±0.17b	32.1±2.8b
CK	8.45±0.12a	3.15±0.53a	12.8±2.0c
F值	17.142^***	161.517^***	552.817^***

处理	>0.25 mm水稳性大团聚体含量
BF	59.8±1.8b
OC	44.7±2.1c
BO	80.8±3.5a
CK	39.5±2.2c
F值	55.740^***