Abstract:

Proteomics technology, as it can systematically analyze the spatiotemporal expression changes of proteins, has become one of the indispensable multi-omics research methods in wheat biological research. To comprehensively review the research progress of proteomics in the regulation of important agronomic traits in wheat, this paper summarizes the major advances of quantitative proteomics and post-translational modification proteomics over the past five years in research topics including wheat seed development and storage, disease resistance regulation, abiotic stress response, cultivation management and basic biological research, and elaborates on the latest research findings of quantitative proteomics technology and post-translational modification proteomics technology in the dissection of regulatory mechanisms for important agronomic traits in wheat. On this basis, this review points out that current research on wheat proteomics is still confronted with three major challenges: (1) there is a lack of a special technical system adapted to the complex genome of wheat; (2) most studies only stay at the stage of differential protein screening and functional enrichment, and the in-depth functional verification of candidate proteins as well as the efficiency of breeding application transformation need to be urgently improved; (3) the in-depth mining of proteomic data and its integration with cutting-edge technologies including artificial intelligence, genomics and metabolomics remain insufficient. In view of the above mentioned problems, it is proposed that efforts should be made to build professional research teams for wheat proteomics, to develop wheat-specific analytical tools, to construct an artificial intelligence-driven multi-omics intelligent breeding platform, to accelerate the translation of key proteins and molecular modules into breeding practices, and to provide stronger scientific and technological support for green and efficient breeding as well as sustainable production of wheat.

Key words: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), proteomics, post-translational modification, abiotic stress, disease resistance, grain quality, male sterility, breeding