Abstract: From some conceptions, the characteristics of the Loess Plateau vegetation development as well as its background conditions and bases are dealt with. It is indicated that the vegetation construction in the Loess Plateau is the premise of the vegetation development, and actually coincides with the ecological rehabilitation discussed presently. That the vegetation construction is of various links would need both highlighting vegetation individuality and emphasizing vegetation entirety. In large-area vegetation construction, natural vegetation is a foundation, and artificial vegetation is a supplement, improvement or perfection to it; suitable and reasonable disposal of artificial vegetation would be allowable. Crop-representative artificial vegetation is positive and significant. Between natural vegetation and artificial vegetation or between vegetation for ecology and vegetation for economy, no complete limit exists. For their middle-type vegetation, there is a large expanding room. The vegetation construction expects that a landscape pattern taking vegetation for ecology as a frame would eventually be formed. The agricultural districts should be main ones for human productive activities for economy. Compared with mountain districts, cities, towns, factories and mines in the Loess Plateau, agricultural districts are crucial for the vegetation construction.