Abstract: The effect different fertilization on soil microbial biomass carbon in whole maize growth stage by chloroform suffocating was studied. The results indicate that the content of SMBC was increased with organic fertilizer input and reach the peak in reproductive development stage. In inorganic fertilizer input plot, the content of SMBC was dynamic changing in all maize stage. In preventing growth stage of maize, the content of SMBC was affected by temperature, moisture and absorption by maize mainly. In reproductive development stage, the amount of SMBC was increased with time slightly. In maturation stage, it was decreased rapidly and lower than seedling.