Abstract: High-efficient utilization of agricultural resources is a key factor for food security, and the studies of cultivated land resources merits of the status quo can provide effective reference for its further exploitation. Taking Anhui province as an example, the author puts forward the concept and estimates model of development dominance ratio of cultivated land resources on the basis of land productivity and land potential utilization ratio and its counties related indicators were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that the model fit well on the status of cultivated land resources and regional differences in Anhui province.