Abstract: Food is very important to everyone. Food security & food safety (FS) is related to individual, family, social and national development. The latest research results on the concept and harm of FS were summarized, and the reasons leading to FS and the relationship between FS and fertilization were emphasized. The corresponding viewpoints and countermeasures were finally put forward as follows: ① The issues of food security and food safety have been existing in China. ② The essential reason why food safety emergency frequently occurred was the interest, and thus illegal activities must be forbidden. ③ There were more advantages than disadvantages as for the effects of rational fertilization on food security & food safety. The emphasis should be given on how to improve the availability of fertilizers.