Abstract: The low availability of phosphorus in soils is a major yield-limiting factor in rice production. Developing cultivars with high phosphorus efficiency may represent a more sustainable solution than sole reliance on fertilizer application. This paper summarized the research progresses in QTL mapping of traits related to phosphorus efficiency in rice. The mechanism of tolerance to phosphorus deficiency of rice and the screening system of high phosphorus efficient genotype was also briefly discussed. Meantime, the problems and perspectives on rice phosphorus efficiency study were proposed.