Abstract: The identification method for the development period of sweet pepper microspore, and the relevance between the developmental period of sweet pepper microspore and the morphology of flower organ were studied in this paper. Different staining methods were used to stain the microspore, and then the cytology characteristics of microspore development, the relevance between the microspore development and the flower organ had been studied. The result showed that the effect of alcohol hydrochloride-carmine acetate dyeing was the best. The microspore of sweet pepper developed at six stages: tetrad, early-uninucleate, mid-uninucleate, late-uniucleate, binucleate, and mature stages, each stage demonstrated distinctive characteristics. A significant correlation could be found between development stages of microspore and buds morphology.