Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.1 Published:05 January 2013

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  Research Progress of Protoplast Culture in Woody Plants PENG Shao-Feng chenyongzhong CHEN marry 2013, 29 (1):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2947 Abstract + ( 1317 )   PDF ( 616841KB )   ( 1034 ) In order to provide theoretical basis for establishment of protoplast culture system and promote the work of rapid propagation and genetic improvement of woody plants, a detailed description about protoplast culture system in woody plants from three aspects such as separation, purification, culture method and medium composition was made in the article. Advantages and disadvantages in different types of separation and culture method of protoplast were analyzed. The main influence factors on protoplast culture in woody plants were summerized. Significance for distant hybridization, new variety creation and genetic improvement by the way of protoplast culture in woody plants was brought out. Research emphasis on protoplast culture in woody plants was also proposed.

  Effects of Interplantation on Young Rubber Plantations Soil Fertility 2013, 29 (1):  7-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2892 Abstract + ( 1080 )   PDF ( 857817KB )   ( 827 ) Based on the soil analysis, effects of interplantation on soil fertility of yong rubber plantation were studied. The main research results were as follows: by interplantation with sugarcane in young rubber plantation, soil fertility and pH value decreased to some extent; interplantation with pineapple and banana, soil fertility was increased to some extent. The effect of soil pH value was improved by intercropping pineapple, but intercropping banana was opposite. Both pH value ranging are suitable for rubber tree growth. Comprehensive analysis showed that the intercropping of banana best, pineapple was followed and sugarcane was the worst.

  Tissue Culture and Plant Regeneration of Cinnamomum platyphyllum 2013, 29 (1):  13-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3055 Abstract + ( 1102 )   PDF ( 840471KB )   ( 848 ) Cinnamomum platyphyllum tissue culture and regeneration system was established based on two young stem segments for explants. Research different kinds, concentrations of growth regulators and illumination conditions on affect of cultivation each stage. The results showed that the appropriate media for the axillary bud induction and germinate from young stem segments was MS. The optimal medium for multiplication was MS+ BA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 0-0.05 mg/L, and the regenerating coefficient was above 3.5. The medium for the rooting was 1/2MS+ NAA 0.1 mg/L + IBA 0.2 mg/L, and the rate reached above 98%. Establish the rapid propagation of Cinnamomum platyphyllum providing the reliable technical basis for utilization and factory production.

  Study on Optimization Subculture Technique in Corylus heterophylla Fisch.×C. avellana L. 2013, 29 (1):  17-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2086 Abstract + ( 1257 )   PDF ( 2066476KB )   ( 852 ) Traditional breeding methods of hazelnut can not meet requirement of market. With the Corylus heterophylla Fisch.×C. avellana L.‘Liaoning hazel No.7’, we studied on the basic medium and the hormone combination in subculture using in vitro culture, in order to find a practical way of the propagation technology with hazelnut. The results showed that: (1) Compared to the medium composition and effect of seedling growth between DKW, NRM and WPM, the final selection of improved NRM medium as a subculture medium. (2) Choose 6-BA 2.5 mg/L and IBA 0.01 mg/L as the subculture hormones. The older generation to reduce its concentration to 6-BA 2.0 mg/L and IBA 0.005 mg/L that help to promote the proliferation of hazelnut seedlings. (3) We filter out the TDZ suitable concentration was 0.001 mg/L to 0.01 mg/L and the effect of the best was 0.005 mg/L. (4) The multiplier effect was not obvious for GA3. To add GA3 and polyamines at the same time was better than to add GA3 only and worse than a single addition of polyamines.

  Cloning and Sequence Analyzing of Chalcone Synthase Gene in Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum 2013, 29 (1):  24-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2903 Abstract + ( 1264 )   PDF ( 1303267KB )   ( 778 ) Chalcone synthase (chalcone synthase, CHS) is the key enzyme that catalyzes the first step in flavonoids biosynthesis and anthocyanins secondary metabolites. A full-length cDNA encoding CHS was cloned from the young leaves of Loropetalurn chinense var. rubrum by RT-PCR using specific primers based on the highly conserved sequences of plant CHS that had already known. Blast search revealed that it was a new gene, and was named as LcvrCHS1 (GenBank accession: JQ609678). The sequence was 927 bp, encoding 232 amino acid residues. It had 83% sequence homology with walnut and camellia that had been logged in GenBank; with other genus plants (hydrangea, grapes, peaches, potatoes, licorice, Euptelea genus), CHS sequence homology was also more than 80%; with other plants (camellia, grapes, avocados, bartlett pear, sand pear, azalea), CHS sequence also had high homology, up to 98% homology.

  Leaf Area Index and Vegetation Index Correlation of Cunninghamia Based on the WorldView 2 Images 2013, 29 (1):  29-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2751 Abstract + ( 1408 )   PDF ( 995714KB )   ( 1161 ) In order to research the correlation between leaf area index and vegetation index of Cunninghamia based on high-resolution remote sensing image data, regarding Huangfengqiao Forestry Farm of Youxian as the research object, the author combined the ground experiment with remote sensing technology, and extracted NDVI, SAVI, SARVI, RVI, MSAVI, ARVI 6 vegetation index from the remote sensing data of WorldView 2, and used leaf area index of Cunninghamia (LAI) that was measured by the LAI-2000 to establish the relation, research the estimation of leaf area index of Cunninghamia based on the remote sensing imaging of WorldView 2, and then analyzed the effects between vegetation index and Cunninghamia LAI. Different vegetation index were 2 curve models, linear model, exponential curve model and logarithmic curve model of LAI inversion. The results showed that: except for DVI and LAI correlation was slightly lower, other vegetation index and LAI had high correlation, and were higher than the low resolution image extraction of vegetation index, vegetation index (SAVI) and LAI correlation had unrelated to with the soil factor L. In the linear model, RVI and ARVI were more suitable for Cunninghamia LAI to establish a linear regression model, and the correlation coefficient R was 0.931, 0.895, respectively, the determination of coefficient R2 was 0.866, 0.800, respectively, which had a better fitting effect. In the nonlinear model, the inversion model of the best was 2 curve models, followed by an exponential model, and the worst was the logarithmic model. The model fitting result of NDVI, SAVI and RVI were better than others; the model fitting result of DVI was the worst; the best fitting model of the R2 was as high as 0.884. Cunninghamia LAI had better fitting effect of nonlinear model was NDVI and SAVI2 curve model.

  Study on Introduction and Propagation Techniques of Red Maple (Acer rubrum L.) 2013, 29 (1):  37-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2396 Abstract + ( 1213 )   PDF ( 1016834KB )   ( 2493 ) The seeds of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) from Canada were introduced to study the feasibility of introduction. The breeding technology, including seedling cultivation from seeds, survival percentage of transplant and the rootstock were studied. The plant height and the ground diameter of one-year-seedlings were tested. And more, the adaptability of red maple was investigated for the last 6 years. It showed that the germination rate of red maple seeds was 55.7% and the survival percentage of transplant of one-year-seedlings was 95.6%. If the native Acer serrulatum Hayata acted as the stock of red maple, the grafted tumor came out in the third years. The native Acer serrulatum Hayata was not suitable as the stock of red maple, although the survival percentage was 94% . The plant height and the ground diameter of one-year-seedlings were respectively 116.2 cm and 1.1 cm, respectively. Red maple showed a high adaptability and survives from the summer. The native insect pest of red maple was easily controlled. According to theory of climatic analogues and some introduction reports, it was concluded that Yangtze River Basin and the north of it was suitable for red maple introduction.

  Study on Emergence Bamboo Shoot and Young Bamboo’s Height Growth of Phyllostachys heteroclada in Greenhouse 2013, 29 (1):  42-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3024 Abstract + ( 1304 )   PDF ( 653406KB )   ( 868 ) The bamboo shooting period, degeneration rate and new bamboo’s height growth of Phyllostachys heteroclada were observed in order to explore bamboo shoots emergence and young bamboo shoots height growth of Phyllostachys heteroclada inside greenhouses, meanwhile, Phyllostachys heteroclada outside greenhouses were also studied for comparison. Shooting period was observed for one time every two days, and records were made when bamboo shoots grew above ground 1-2 cm. The height growth of young bamboo was observed for one time every day until young bamboo’s leaves and branches grew out and height growth were stopped. The results showed that the period of the bamboo shoots inside greenhouse was 15 days earlier than that of outside bamboo, and the number of open-air cultivation of bamboo shoots of Phyllostachys heteroclada accounts for 85.1% of the total number of protected cultivation bamboo, therefore, the protected cultivation could improve early shooting and shooting quantity. The shoots emergence rate of protected cultivation of mother bamboo was 16.6% high than that of open-air cultivation mother bamboo, so protected cultivation was good for the pregnant of mother bamboo shoots. Both the open-air and inside young bamboos follow the rhythm of slow, fast and slow, but the high growth period within the greenhouse of young bamboo was slightly long than that of open-air young bamboo. The average height of young bamboo within greenhouse was high than that of open-air young bamboo.

  Different Classification Methods in the Application of Remote Sensing Information Identification of Bamboo 2013, 29 (1):  47-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3098 Abstract + ( 1302 )   PDF ( 2904085KB )   ( 863 ) The application of remote sensing technology to monitor and investigate the bamboo resource can provide basic data support for the scientific management and efficient utilization of the bamboo resource quickly and effectively. The author used the TM images of Shunchang County Fujian Province, using the maximum likelihood method, the sub-pixel classification and the classification based on spectral characteristics 3 classification methods to extract the bamboo information. The result showed that: the sub-pixel classification was the most precise, and the overall accuracy up to 77.33% , followed by the classification based on spectral characteristics, maximum likelihood method, the accuracy respectively was 76.50% and 76.17% ; the Kappa coefficient respectively was 72.8% , 71.8% and 71.4% ; and compared the results of the 3 classification methods to the bamboo forest area of the second survey in 2007, the accuracy of the classification based on spectral characteristics was the highest 95.68%, followed by maximum likelihood method 93.41%, the sub-pixel classification 92.97%.

  Study on the Growth Dynamics of Mulberry Hairy Roots 2013, 29 (1):  53-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2844 Abstract + ( 1157 )   PDF ( 594853KB )   ( 741 ) In order to establish the high efficient culture system of mulberry hairy root, the medium formula and culture conditions of mulberry hairy roots in submerged culture with shake flask were studied according to the index of the wet weight cultured 30 d. The content of total flavonoids in mulberry hairy roots was determined by spectrophotometry using rutin as standard substance. The results showed that the optimum medium was pH 6.0 MS culture medium, and the optimum culture condition was 26℃, 130 r/min, dark culture. The growth trends of mulberry hairy roots was“slow-fast-slow”, as“S”type curve, and the stable period was after cultured 21 days.

  Nest-site Selection of the Blue-and-White Flycatche (Cyanoptila cyanomelana) 2013, 29 (1):  56-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2914 Abstract + ( 1338 )   PDF ( 626550KB )   ( 869 ) To further understand the blue-and-white flycatche nesting environment characteristics and environmental effect on fertility. The nest-site selection in the blue-and-white flycatche (Cyanoptila cyanomelana) were studied in the Weihusan TV base, Hailin, Heilongjiang, from 2004 to 2011 of the May-June. The results showed that: all nest sites were built on the old buildings nearby forest, nest sites were hidden and the lush vegetation and abundant food source around them. All of the nine nests were bowl, and were constructed on open sites and were made of mosses. The average height above land was (219.83±15.16) cm (149.5-278.0 cm), the average distance from the nearest forest was (5.96±0.90) m (2.0-11.4 m). The light intensity of the nest sites were low, the average light intensity was (53.4±10.1) lx (0-689.0 lx), the average temperature was (20.8±0.9)℃(15.3-26.4℃) and the average humidity was (92.8±1.3)% (85.5%-100.0%) in sunny days. The light intensity is the main factor of nest-site selection of the blue-and-white flycatche.

  The Progress of Sequence Analysis, Spread and Distribution of Whitefly-transmitted Geminivirus in Tomato in China 2013, 29 (1):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2258 Abstract + ( 1530 )   PDF ( 635108KB )   ( 911 ) A summary of the domestic distribution of the occurance of tomato-infecting geminivirus was concluded, and found that the virus symptoms were not completely same. The typical virus samples from both home and abroad were selected and conducted phylogenetic analysis, and the domestic tomato-infecting geminivirus belonged to three branches: TYLCV-Isreal, TYLCCNV and ToLCTWV. A prediction about the source of whitefly-transmitted geminivirus infecting tomato that occurred in different regions in China was made, according to the occurrence of virus at home and abroad and their genetic relationship. It laid a foundation for future research of this virus and disease resistance breeding.

  Research Progress on New Zealand Red Pear 2013, 29 (1):  65-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2824 Abstract + ( 1155 )   PDF ( 615414KB )   ( 904 ) New Zealand Red Pear is one of fine lines in the red pear. Its excellent comprehensive properties make the market prospect broad while it has the value of higher cultivation promotion. The author used the three kinds of red pears:‘mantianhong’,‘meirensu’,‘hongsucui’as the main research target agaist preharvest fruit drop before picking, from the coloring in basic theoretical research, the content of nutrient elements in fruit determination of heavy metal stress, and cultivation etc. The author summarized the situations of New Zealand Red Pear impact study, and discussed the great significance of the researching to progressfrom the four aspects above.

  The Research Progress on Utilization and Biological Control of Alternanthera philoxeroides 2013, 29 (1):  71-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2138 Abstract + ( 1344 )   PDF ( 625798KB )   ( 1216 ) Alternanthera philoxeroides is one of the first batches which have been classified as invasive species, which causes serious damage and distributes widely in many parts of our country. The research progress on utilization and biological control of A. philoxeroides in recent years was reviewed. The utilization of A. philoxeroides was embodied in the fields of agriculture, pollution control, medicine and teaching research. Biological control of A. philoxeroides was expound in two aspects of natural enemies control and microbial control, and suggestions were made about the invasive species by the resource utilization and biological control.

  The Research Overview of Physiological Functions of Selenium in Horticulture Plants 2013, 29 (1):  76-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2179 Abstract + ( 1211 )   PDF ( 529068KB )   ( 997 ) Selenium played the very important physiological function in plant growth and development process. This paper summarized absorption and transportation and distribute of selenium in soil, physiological functions of Se, influencing on grow and development, influencing on field and quality of Se. It pointed out that selenium improved the antioxidant activity, activated oxygen defensive enzymes and resistance, promoted chlorophyll synthetic of horticultural plants. The amount of selenium increased growth of horticultural plant roots, stems and leaves. Selenium improved the yield and quality of horticultural plants, the suggestions were putted forward that mechanism of selenium in plants and a specific concentration of selenium on plant growth and development, yield, quality.

  Study on the Climate Patterns of Tobacco Quality Base on Climatic Difference in Hunan 2013, 29 (1):  80-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2510 Abstract + ( 1110 )   PDF ( 708663KB )   ( 806 ) In order to grasp the spatial distribution of tobacco-quality types in Hunan, based on the 6 climatic factors affecting tobacco quality, the tobacco planting area in Hunan was divided into several climatic types of tobacco quality by using of principal component analysis method and clustering analysis method. At the same time, the climatic difference and characteristics of several tobacco- quality climatic types were discussed and the tobacco-quality climatic types of Hunan were divided. The results showed that the tobacco-quality climatic types of Hunan were divided into 3 types. ClassⅠclimatic region was located in western Hunan and its climate was characterized by rich heat resources of field period, abundant mature sunshine, large temperature difference between day and night, less precipitations of mature late. ClassⅡclimatic region was mainly located in central Hunan and its climate was characterized by suitable heat resources of field period, more sunshine of mature stage, high temperature difference between day and night, high temperature damage probability higher. ClassⅢclimatic region was mainly located in south of southern Hunan and northeastern Hunan and its climate was characterized by suitable heat resources of field period, less sunshine of mature stage, high temperature difference between day and night, high temperature damage probability lower.

  The Factor Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation on Main Chemical Components in Tobacco in Liangshan Province 2013, 29 (1):  85-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2492 Abstract + ( 1043 )   PDF ( 536207KB )   ( 1054 ) The study aimed to conduct the factor analysis and comprehensive evaluation on main chemical components in the tobacco in Liangshan Province. Explore the main factor of Liangshan flue-cured tobacco chemical composition and use of chemical components to evaluation on tobacco quality. By the method of correlation analysis and factor analysis, total 12‘Honghuadajinyuan’tobacco samples from the main province of Liangshan were analyzed with data from 9 main chemical components in flue-cured tobacco leaves. A comprehensive evaluation was carried out by using the factor scores. The results indicated that the main chemical components in flue-cured tobacco leaves were highly positive-correlated with that of the others. The contribution rate of first-three characteristic roots was 85.875%, three main factors from the main chemical components in flue-cured tobacco leaves were obtained, namely the carbon nitrogen factor, combustion factor, potassium factor. The rank factor score of every sample was the same with the rank of smoking quality score. It was feasible to evaluate the chemical components in the‘Honghuadajinyuan’tobacco leaves by the factor analysis method.

  Effects of Combined Application of Organic-inorganic Fertilizer on Nutrient Uptake and Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Lettuce 2013, 29 (1):  89-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3254 Abstract + ( 1109 )   PDF ( 697184KB )   ( 1078 ) In order to study the effect of organic-inorganic fertilizer on nutrients absorption of the crops and improvement of soil fertility, pot experiment was to study the effects of application of organic-inorganic fertilizer on nutrient uptake and fertilizer use efficiency of lettuce. The results showed that: compared to chemical fertilizer application only, combined application of organic fertilizer (fine organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer) and inorganic fertilizer contribution rate increased 6.4 and 6.8 percentage point. At the same nitrogen application level, compared to chemical fertilizer application only, combined application of refined organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer and combined application of bio-organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer (organic nitrogen: inorganic nitrogen=4:6) could increase the lettuce biomass significantly, promote the NPK nutrients absorption of the lettuce on, improve the nitrogen use efficiency. Combined organic (fine organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer) and inorganic fertilizer application compared with single chemical fertilizer application, biomass increased by 38.7% and 41.6% ; lettuce nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content increased by 12.9% and 17.5%, 7.0% and 12.8%, 7.3% and 17.2%, lettuce nitrogen use efficiency increased by 9.2% and 13.7%, respectively.

  Effects of Meloidogyne incognita Infection on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics in Eggplant Leaves 2013, 29 (1):  94-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2382 Abstract + ( 1265 )   PDF ( 674862KB )   ( 819 ) In order to reveal the primary reaction mechanism of Meloidogyne incognita infection on photosynthesis effects in eggplant leaves,‘Ziyang Changqie’seedlings, which were planted in pots and inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita, were used to study the changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters during its inoculation. The results indicated that the maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSⅡ), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) of PSII declined continuously, whereas the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) increased continuously with Meloidogyne incognita infection. Furthermore, the turning point of fluorescence parameters change appeared on the 15th day after inoculation, and the change was slow before this timepoint while it was very fast after that. It was showed that the reaction center of photosynthetic systemⅡ(PSⅡ) was damaged owing to Meloidogyne incognita infection. In a word, these parameters can be used as the resistance index to Meloidogyne incognita in eggplant seedlings, and this method was simple, easy, efficient and accurate.

  Effect of Exogenous Materials on Quality of Tomato Under Sub-high Temperature 2013, 29 (1):  98-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2293 Abstract + ( 1020 )   PDF ( 739690KB )   ( 894 ) In this report, research effect of pigment in the leaves and quality of tomato fruit, and regulation of exogenous substance (boron and spermidine) treated by three tomato varieties under 33-38℃sub-high temperature. The result showed that the content of chlorophyll and carotene decreased in the leaves, the content of protein, Vc, soluble sugar, TA increased in the tomato fruit, and the sugar acid ratio changed under the sub-high temperature stress. The treatment result from comprehensive of boron and spermidine, the treatment of 50 mmol/L spermidine was best, and the‘Tie Jiameiguo’hart fruit tomato varieties were least amplitude to sub-high temperature.

  Cytological Observations of the Microspore Development in Sweet Pepper 2013, 29 (1):  103-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2194 Abstract + ( 1086 )   PDF ( 1486230KB )   ( 863 ) The identification method for the development period of sweet pepper microspore, and the relevance between the developmental period of sweet pepper microspore and the morphology of flower organ were studied in this paper. Different staining methods were used to stain the microspore, and then the cytology characteristics of microspore development, the relevance between the microspore development and the flower organ had been studied. The result showed that the effect of alcohol hydrochloride-carmine acetate dyeing was the best. The microspore of sweet pepper developed at six stages: tetrad, early-uninucleate, mid-uninucleate, late-uniucleate, binucleate, and mature stages, each stage demonstrated distinctive characteristics. A significant correlation could be found between development stages of microspore and buds morphology.

  Research on Bulblets Induction in Vitro from Rachis and An Optimum Multiplication System of Chongming Daffodil(Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis) 2013, 29 (1):  107-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3173 Abstract + ( 1518 )   PDF ( 781923KB )   ( 798 ) In this study, the rachis was used as explant to induce bulblets in vitro of Chongming daffodil (N. tazetta var. chinensis), and the bulblets were inoculated in the medium added different concentration and proportion of hormone, sugar, and activated carbon (AC). Then the bulblets’reproducibility and diameter were analyzed to find the influent factors for obtaining the suitable conditions of multiplication. The results were showing as follows: (1) the medium added with 10 mg/L BA, 5 mg/L NAA was fit for bulblets induction from rachis, and got highest induction rate as 171.3%. (2) The medium added with 5 mg/L BA, 1 mg/L NAA, 40 g/L sucrose was optimum for propagation, and the induction rate reached to 175.0%, and the diameter was 0.41 cm. (3)Within the specific limits, 40 g/L sucrose was helpful for bulblets proliferation and growth. (4) AC had no affection on bulblets’diameter, and reduced the propagation rate remarkably, should not be added in medium.

  Study on Vitality and Cryopreservation of 20 Spathiphyllum floribundum Pollen 2013, 29 (1):  113-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2260 Abstract + ( 1708 )   PDF ( 597750KB )   ( 828 ) The vitality, moisture and room temperature lifetime of 20 Spathiphyllum floribundum fresh pollen were determined, and vitality changes of these 20 Spathiphyllum floribundum pollen at cryopreservation in 2 years were studied. The results showed that: the rang of 20 Spathiphyllum floribundum pollen germination rate was about 28%-59%, varieties of fresh pollen vitality differences greatly. Testing each fresh pollen varieties of Spathiphyllum floribundum, the rang of these moisture content was about 10%-13%. The fresh pollen lifetime of Spathiphyllum Kochii varieties was not exceeding 15 days. To the same Spathiphyllum floribundum varieties, cryopreservation time would make the Spathiphyllum floribundum pollen vitality changes at some extent; in cryopreservation of 2 years, all tested Spathiphyllum floribundum pollen were not vitality loss, part of the pollen vitality improved significantly, described that cryopreservation as an germplasm resources long-term preservation for Spathiphyllum floribundum pollen was an effective method.

  Structural Observation of Ovule and Non-enzymatical Isolation of Nucellus in Paeonia suffruticosa 2013, 29 (1):  118-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2499 Abstract + ( 1076 )   PDF ( 2055682KB )   ( 1147 ) In order to obtain the nucellus of Paeonia suffruticosa, the non-enzymatical isolating technique was studied on the basis of structural observation of their ovules. The ovules, fresh and fixed by alcohol solution of P. suffruticosa were used to observe its structure characteristics with the whole clearing technique by 84 disinfectants and the slicing technique under a fluorescence microscope, and their fresh ovules were still used to isolate its nucellus and other structures with gum block under a stereomicroscope. Results identified the outer integument of P. suffruticosa ovules was extremely thick and easy to be peeled off. The outer layer of the inner integument of P. suffruticosa could be separated and isolated easily from the integument tapetum. In whole ovule only the integument tapetum could emit clear fluorescence. After the outer integument, the outer layer of the inner integument and the integument tapetum were peeled off successively with gum block under a stereomicroscope, the nucellus with original form could be isolated.

  Study on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Five Pennisetum Speices 2013, 29 (1):  122-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2145 Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 711697KB )   ( 860 ) The study was focused on 5 species of Pennisetum spp. in order to investigate the photosynthetic characteristics with the Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system, with the main purpose of providing theoretical basis for its introduction and application in garden greening. The results showed that daily variations of net photosynthetic rate of the five species were all single-peak curves, Pennisetum alopecuroides‘Ziguang’had the highest peak value of net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate at 11∶30 a.m., which was 29.5μmolCO2/(m2·s) and 5.94 mmolH2O/(m2·s). The light saturation points ranged between 33.4- 58.7μmol/(m2·s). P. alopecuroides‘Ziguang’had the lowest and P. orientale had the highest light saturation point. P. setaceum, P. alopecuroides‘Little Bunny’and P. villosum had similar light saturation point. The five species had high value of light saturation point, ranging between 1615.4μmol/(m2·s) for P. orientale and 2563.6μmol/(m2·s) for P. villosum. The apparent quantum efficiency ranged from 0.059 to 0.061. The five species had high solarenergy utilization efficiency and water utilization efficiency, indicating that they were heliophilous plants with some shade tolerance.

  The Study on SSR-PCR Fingerprints Map Classification for Camellia japonica Cultivars 2013, 29 (1):  127-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3265 Abstract + ( 1168 )   PDF ( 1817051KB )   ( 915 ) Molecular fingerprints map is very important to the identification, breeding and intellectual property right protection of Camellia japonica cultivars. To screen applicable SSR primers and the corresponding optimizing reaction system for the construction of SSR-PCR fingerprints map, graded annealed temperature and orthogonal diagram experimental design were employed to evaluate the reaction conditions for 4 pairs of SSR primer. The results showed that: clear and unambiguous electrophoresis bands with designed size of amplified production presented only with primers MSCjaF25 and MSCjaF37 under the amplifying condition of annealing at 52.9℃, 1.2 mmol/L Mg2+, 0.2 mmol/L dNTPs, 0.5 U Taq DNA polymerase, 0.2 mmol/L primers and 40 ng DNA template in 10 mL reaction system and annealing at 58.2℃, 0.8 mmol/L Mg2+, 0.1 mmol/L dNTPs, 1.0 U Taq DNA polymerase, 0.3 mmol/L primers and 40 ng DNA template in 10 mL reaction system, respectively. Amplifying of 12 Camellia japonica cultivars using primers MSCjaF25 and MSCjaF37 made pure confirmation to the repeatability and stability of these optimized reaction conditions. Further analysis revealed that screening more SSR primers had been the facing challenge for molecular fingerprints map study on Camellia japonica cultivars.

  Influence of Addition of Calcium Compounds on pH and Available Fluoride Content in Tea Garden Soil 2013, 29 (1):  132-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2178 Abstract + ( 1112 )   PDF ( 761186KB )   ( 850 ) Long-term consumption of high-fluoride tea probably causes drinking tea fluorosis. This article ascertained the regulation mechanism of available fluoride content in tea garden soil, to provide theory of controlling soil fluoride pollution and reducing fluoride content of tea leaves. Laboratory incubation tests were conducted, using 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers soils from two tea gardens of Hunan Province as experiment materials, to study the influence of different forms and addition amount of calcium ion on soil pH and available fluoride content. The results showed that soil pH value fell to 3.5 from 4.0-3.7 and soil water soluble fluoride content increased obviously when the addition amount of Ca(NO3)2 and CaCl2 was increased. With the increase of addition amount of Ca(OH)2, the soil pH value change ranged from 4.0 to 5.2, soil water soluble fluorine content was decreased obviously at first, then increased. Soil exchangeable fluoride content was decreased when applied all the three forms of calcium ion into soil. In this experiment the range of soil pH was 3.5-6.0, water soluble fluoride content was increased when the soil pH was below or above 5.0, especially when soil pH was below 4.0. Therefore, applying proper amount of dolomite powder, Ca(OH)2 to acidified soil or applying CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2 and aluminum salt to alkaline soil to adjust soil pH to about 5.0, can effectively reduce the available fluorine content in tea garden soil.

  Guizhou Tree Tea Catechin and Its Quality Analysis 2013, 29 (1):  138-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2410 Abstract + ( 1095 )   PDF ( 523951KB )   ( 756 ) In view the catechin components determination, quality and ester catching proportion of the Sect. Thea tea trees in southwestern Guizhou Province, we used Sect. Thea tea trees natural resources in Anshun City, Liupanshui City, Xingyi City, Qianxinan State of Guizhou Province and‘Fudingdabaicha’tea trees as the test material and took the average differences analytic methods to analysis the 6 catechin components determination (EGC, DL-EC, EGCG, GCG, ECG). The results showed that the esterncatechines of Sect. Thea tea trees in Anshun City, Liupanshui City, Xingyi City, Qianxinan state were 81.55% , 41.10% , 83.13% , 77.03% , 82.85% , and the quality index were 5.39, 19.79, 7.84, 5.25, 6.65, respectively. Cluster analysis results showed that Sect. Thea tea tree in Xingyi City was similar to‘Fudingdabaicha’tea trees, while Sect. Thea tea tree in Anshun City was similar to Sect. Thea tea trees in Qianxinan state when the threshold value of Euclid distance were 0.9 to 3.2.

  Development and Distribution Law of Secretory Canals in Different Organs of Bupleurum chinense DC. 2013, 29 (1):  141-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2567 Abstract + ( 1264 )   PDF ( 1738962KB )   ( 719 ) The aim was to provide the anatomical data for studying the accumulation and distribution of secondary metabolites in Bupleurum chinense DC. The structure and the distribution of secretory canals in the different organs and the development of secretory canals in the stem and the leaf of Bupleurum chinense DC have been observed by the paraffin section method. The results showed as follows: (1) Each secretory canal in the organs of Bupleurum chinense DC consists of a layer of epithelial cells encircling a round canal, and there were no sheath cells outside the epithelial cells. (2) Secretory canals of schizogenous origin were found through the observation of the bud, the young stem and the leaf of the Bupleurum chinense DC; and the secretory canal formed in the stage of primary meristem in the stem and the leaf. However, there wasn’t a secretory canal in the primary structure of the root. The secretory canals appeared relatively late in the development of the root. (3) There were secretory canals in root, stem, leaf, bractlet, flower and mericarp, but not in seed. The secretory canals were distributed in parenchyma tissue and mainly beside the vascular bundle.

  The Study on Correlation Between Cytological Development Period of Pulsatilla cernua Microspore and the Morphology of Floral Organ 2013, 29 (1):  145-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2100 Abstract + ( 1414 )   PDF ( 1504635KB )   ( 1012 ) The purpose of this paper is to find an identification method of the developmental Pulsatilla cernua and discuss the relevance between the developmental period of Pulsatilla cernua microspore and the morphology of flower organ. So the paraffin section solutions were selected for use in investigating the developmental Pulsatilla cernua and the relevance between the microspore development and the bud size had been studied. The results showed that in Pulsatilla cernua, each anther had four pollen sacs, the microspore mother cells belonged to the simultaneous type of meiosis, and microspore tetrads were tetrahedral. The mature pollens belonged to the two-cell type with three germination aperture. The pollen sac wall was composed of four 1ayers, epidermis, endothelium, middle layer, and tapetum. The tapetum belonged to glanduar tapetum type with multinucleate phenomenon. Microspore development also has correlativity with the morphological characteristics of buds and the color of anthers. The buds 1.10-1.20 cm in length, the filaments 0.4-0.5 cm in length, with purple calyx and yellow anther were discovered to contain microspores at the late-uninucleate. Microspore development of the same bud in Pulsatilla cernua showed continuity.

  The Influence on Growth and Development of Flue-cured Tobacco by Different Application Times of Vicia villosa var. glabresens 2013, 29 (1):  150-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2421 Abstract + ( 1086 )   PDF ( 591084KB )   ( 707 ) In order to improve soil, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, the effects of different application times of green manure in Vicia villosa var. glabresens-tobacco rotation were studied under the condition of field experiments in Enshi, Hubei Province. The results from 2 years’experiments showed green manuring in 15-25 days earlier than tobacco transplantation was appropriate when chemical fertilizer amount was 85% of the conventional dose and green manure application rate was 15000 kg/hm2. In this case, some agronomic traits like plant height and largest leaf area, dry matter weight of root, stem, leaves and whole plant, yield and production value of flue-cured tobacco were higher than or similar to the conventional technique of fertilization. When green manure was applied in 35 days earlier than tobacco transplantation, the tobacco could not grow well, its yield and production value were significantly decreased. Compared with conventional technique of fertilization, the upper leaves of tobacco grew better, its dry matter weight was increased by 4.5%-18.5%, the proportion of high and middle grad tobacco was improved by 2.7%-8.6%, when conventional chemical fertilizer rate was reduced by 15% and 15000 kg/hm2 of green manure was applied in 15-35 days ahead of tobacco transplantation.

  Effects of Green Manure Application on Growth and Development, Yield and Output Value of Flue-cured Tobacco 2013, 29 (1):  155-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2483 Abstract + ( 1528 )   PDF ( 565463KB )   ( 801 ) 为探索发展低碳烟草农业、构建资源节约型和环境友好型农业，促进特色烟叶开发和烟叶产业的可持续发展，通过田间试验，以绿肥黑麦草不同翻压量为基础，具体研究了翻压绿肥对烤烟大田生长及烤后烟产量和产值效益的影响。结果表明，烟田翻压绿肥能够明显调节烟株大田期的生长发育，促进烟株对矿质元素吸收、利用和储存。从烟株生长发育综合指标来看，以翻压量在22500~30000 kg/hm2时烟株生长较好，单株干物质积累、单株氮、磷、钾积累量最高。与对照相比，单株干物质积累量、单株氮、磷、钾积累量量最高增幅分别为19.84%、59.34%、34.94%、43.55%；同时，翻压绿肥能够明显提升烤后烟叶产量和产值效益相关指标，上中等烟比例、产量和产值最高分别增加16.13%、203.56 kg/hm2、3519.01元/hm2。 Field experiments were conducted to study low-carbon agriculture and build resource-saving, environment-friendly agriculture and promote the tobacco agriculture sustainable development and the production of tobacco leaves with specific characteristics. The experiments were based on different green manure application rates (7500, 15000, 22500, 30000 kg/hm2) to study the effects of ploughing ryegrass under soil on growth and development, yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that returning green manure could obviously regulate the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, and promote the absorption, using and storage of mineral element by tobacco plants. The comprehensive index of the treatments returning green manure 22500-30000 kg/hm2 were better than others. In comparison with the control, the largest increase amplitude of dry matter accumulation, N accumulation, P accumulation, K accumulation per plant were 19.84%, 59.34%, 34.94%, 43.55% respectively. At the same time, returning green manure could obviously improve the related indexes of yield and output value, the largest increase amplitude of high and middle quality tobacco leaves, yield and output value were 16.13%, 203.56 kg/hm2, 3519.01 yuan/hm2 respectively.

  Study on Determination Method for Bursting Strength of Paper-process Reconstituted Tobacco 2013, 29 (1):  160-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2400 Abstract + ( 1208 )   PDF ( 581632KB )   ( 1057 ) In order to explore a bursting strength determination method suitable for paper-process reconstituted tobacco (RT), the bursting strength of paper-process RT samples were contrasted and analyzed according to the principle“paper-process reconstituted tobacco (RT) samples and the film in bursting strength tester place together, when the hydraulic fluid inflows in a constant rate, the film projected, and then the maximum applied stress which breakdown the samples was bursting strength”. This method was reasonable and feasible, the parallelism and stability of the determination results were good. The results may provide reference for determining special test method for bursting strength of RT to tobacco industry.

  Effects of Biogas Manure on Eggplant and Sweet Maize 2013, 29 (1):  164-168.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2322 Abstract + ( 1305 )   PDF ( 621843KB )   ( 957 ) To provide scientific support to the extending of biogas technology for the rural areas, biogas manure and homogenous pig manure was applied on eggplant and sweet maize planted in open field to determine effects between biogas manure and deposit manure on crops. The results showed that application of biogas manure increased crop yield by 2080.8 kg/hm2 and 3171.7 kg/hm2 on eggplant, 1480.5 kg/hm2 and 3802.4 kg/hm2 on sweet maize to that applied on pig manure and CK, respectively. Fruit quality, per fruit weight, fruit width, fruit length, total soluble sugar content in fruit was improved obviously. Moreover, total soluble sugar content in fruit of sweet maize was extremely improved. Biogas manure was better than deposit manure in crops growing and developing, well preparation for high yield and good quality.

  Effects of Nutritional Substrates on Tomato Plug-seedlings Quality Maintenance Under Storage Condition 2013, 29 (1):  169-173.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2525 Abstract + ( 1148 )   PDF ( 637852KB )   ( 790 ) In order to understand the change of morphological and physiological characteristics after storage, effects of six different nutritional substrates on tomato plug-seedlings quality maintenance under storage condition were studied in this paper. Tomato‘Qingyan No.1’was taken as experimental material, through simulated storage condition experiment and experimental analysis. The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll, soluble protein, and soluble sugar decreased in the leaves of tomato, but the falling ranges were different among the plug-seedlings cultivated with six different substrates and stored under same conditions. For tomato plug-seedlings storage, the optimal inorganic nutritional substrates was based substrates (turf: pearlite = 2:1) + SRFS (20-9-11) 30 g, organic nutritional substrates was basic substrates + 10% chicken manure+ 5% plant ash.

  Effects of Controlled Release Compound Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Cucumber 2013, 29 (1):  174-177.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2943 Abstract + ( 992 )   PDF ( 534462KB )   ( 712 ) In order to improve nutrient management of vegetable production, further achievement of high yield and good quality vegetable production as well as sustainable development. Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of controlled release compound fertilizers (CRFs) on yield, nutrition absorption and quality of cucumber. Compared to conventional fertilization strategy, NPK application rate of CRFs was reduced 50%, in which 20% was mixed with substratum when raised seedling and the other 80% was banding application when transplanted. Results showed that seedling height and leaf area with CRFs increased by 13% and 12% respectively in comparison to conventional fertilization, meanwhile, cucumber yield with CRFs increased 14.1%, N, P and K absorption increased by 17.0%, 11.1% and 14.8% respectively, nitrate content of cucumber decreased 11.9%.

  The Effect of the Cropping Soil Disposed with the Fermentation Fluid of Organic Materials on the Growth of Young Apple Trees 2013, 29 (1):  178-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2593 Abstract + ( 1205 )   PDF ( 5104302KB )   ( 676 ) In order to explore the ease of young apple of continuous cropping obstacles, increase the utilization rate of cultivated land and improve the orchard yield in 2009-2011, the author planted apple seedlings in Mouping, Zhaouuan (2 points), Qixia and Mengyin 5 continuous cropping orchards, combined with comprehensive prevention and control technology system of apple continuous cropping. The result showed that: the trees growth potential of continuous cropping soil ground processed with active zymotic fluid was increased. In these orchards, the number of the middle branches, the short branches, the roughness of branches, the height and ground diameter of trees, the length of new tip and chlorophyll content increased by average 105.45%, 35.75% , 35.92% , 17.65% , 23.66% , 24.96% and 9.16% . So it proved that active zymotic fluid processing continuous cropping soil could obviously reduce the continuous cropping obstacle on apple sapling.

  Effect of Root Pruning and Fertilization on the Twice Branch Growth, Fruit Output and Quality of Zizyphus jujube Mill. 2013, 29 (1):  183-187.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2256 Abstract + ( 1146 )   In order to estimate the effect of root cutting and fertilization on the growth, fruit output and quality of Zizyphus jujube Mill, the root system of 6-year-old Zizyphus jujube Mill. trees was manually cut with a sharp spade at 3 times trunk diameter distance along both inter-row sides prior to buds break in Binzhou Chinese jujube orchards. Effect of root pruning and fertilization on the twice branch growth, fruit output and quality of Zizyphus jujube Mill. was studied. The results showed that half amount of fertilization in germination stage decreased the growth of twice branch. However, there was no great influence of half amount of fertilization after fruit setting. Reduction of fertilizer decreased the fruit output of Zizyphus jujube Mill. Under the same fertilization conditions, the root cutting of 3 times trunk diameter decreased the growth of twice branch, which was equal to half amount of fertilization. Besides, after root pruning, reduction of fertilizer increased the inhibition effects of growth of Zizyphus jujube Mill. Additionally, under the same fertilization conditions, the fruit output of Zizyphus jujube Mill. was significantly increased, compared with their respective un-root-pruning control. The yield-increasing effect of was equal to half amount of fertilization. Moreover, reduction of fertilizer after root pruning could increase the annual fertilizer utilization efficiency. The contents of Vc and water-soluble sugar in the fruits of Zizyphus jujube Mill. were increased by root cutting, significantly. As a result, 3 times trunk diameter distance root cutting combination with the reduction of fertilizer was beneficial to the fruit output and quality of Zizyphus jujube Mill.

  Evaluation of Control Affection of Fungicides on Fusarium Wilt of Banana 2013, 29 (1):  188-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2196 Abstract + ( 1253 )   PDF ( 693955KB )   ( 1027 ) To screen the fungicides for controlling Fusarium wilt of banana, inhibition activities of nine fungicides to the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense were tested on PDA (potato dextrose agar) medium and in soil. The results showed that inhibition zone of 500-fold dilution of 50% prochloraz(WP),50% carbendazim(WP) and 50% thiram(WP) have the diameters of 3.14 cm, 1.86 cm and 1.51 cm, respectively, but other fungicides tested showed no inhibition zone on PDA plates. Moreover, their inhibition rates in soil were 85.19% , 75.31% and 54.32% , respectively, significantly higher than that of other fungicides tested. The control efficiencies of the three fungicides as well as hydantoin (TC) were further evaluated in plot experiment, by treatment with 200 mL 1000-fold dilution per plant for 3 times. The results showed that control efficiacies of 50% prochloraz (WP), 50% carbendazim (WP) and 50% thiram (WP) were 64.65%, 48.23% and 45.71%, respectively, markedly higher than that of Hydantoin (TC). These data provided useful information for control of Fusarium wilt of banana.

  Model of Difference Equations with Multi-variable for Tea Plant Canopy 2013, 29 (1):  193-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2407 Abstract + ( 1220 )   PDF ( 1011508KB )   ( 753 ) Tea tree growth, yield and quality are influenced by its canopy structure, therefore simulating tea tree canopy indexes by using mathematical models can instruct the tea cultivation and management. Considering the tea tree canopy each index not only affected each other, but also related to previous years growth data, the difference equations models with multi-variable were established for 18 years data of 15 growth indexes of tea plant canopy. A combination of clustering and neural network was employed to estimate the model parameters. Calculating results showed that the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of our model was 0.045828, which was less than the MAPE 0.0618 of one variable difference equation model, also less than the MAPE 0.0842 of a regression equation model. The results indicated that the predictive accuracy of our models was improved comparing with one variable models. This method can be used for modeling of multidimensional time sequence of difference equations.

  Collection and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Wild Germplasm Resource in Sugarcane from Hainan Province 2013, 29 (1):  199-208.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2456 Abstract + ( 1075 )   PDF ( 1190225KB )   ( 728 ) In order to enrich the wild germplasm resource library of sugarcane in China and discover the wild material with great character, 94 wild resources of sugarcane were collected at Haikou, Chengmai, Lingao, Danzhou, Baisha etc, 16 counties or cities. We collected 8 Imperata cylindrical (L.), 39 Erianthus arundinacius (Retz.) Jesws., 7 Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Benth., 26 Sacchuram spontaneum (L.) and 14 M. spp. wild germplasm resources. Five main agronomic traits were measured and used to analyze the correlation, genetic diversity and cluster. The results showed that, there were highly significant differences in plant height, stem diameter, brix, leaf length and leaf width; there was a significant correlation between plant height, stem diameter, leaf length and leaf width each other, but no correlation between brix and other four major traits in Erianthus arundinacius (Retz.) Jesws. and Sacchuram spontaneum (L.) germplasm; Erianthus arundinacius (Retz.) Jesws. and Sacchuram spontaneum (L.) had great genetic diversity, the coefficients of variation were 0.187-0.558 and 0.206-0.432 respectively. 39 Erianthus arundinacius (Retz.) Jesws and 26 Sacchuram spontaneum (L.) resources could be divided into four and three groups, which Erianthus arundinacius (Retz.) JeswsⅡandⅣgroups had greater biomass, and Sacchuram spontaneum (L.)ⅠandⅢgroups had a good quality potential of brix, could be used as recommendations for development and utilization of breeding materials.

  Basic Principles for China Tobacco Good Agricultural Practice 2013, 29 (1):  209-212.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2154 Abstract + ( 1254 )   PDF ( 512306KB )   ( 1042 ) Tobacco good agricultural practice (GAP) is a set of operational standards which assure tobacco leaf safety and cover entire leaf production process. The core of GAP is hazard analysis and quality control. It also emphasizes environment protection, sustainable development, employee safety and welfare. China tobacco GAP should not only pursue economic efficiency and preserve environment quality, but also take on social responsibility. The basic principles of China tobacco GAP must include assure tobacco leaf quality and safety, protect environment and resources, safeguard employee health and welfare, economically use facilities and promote rural harmonious development.

  Research on Comprehensive Evaluation and Landscape Application of Pinaceae Plants in Beijing Botanical Garden 2013, 29 (1):  213-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2591 Abstract + ( 1544 )   PDF ( 714275KB )   ( 1181 ) Based on the investigation of the Pinaceae plants in Beijing Botanical Garden, this paper used the method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate the landscape application of Pinaceae plant resources from the aspects of ornamental value, ecological characteristics and resistances. The results showed that the landscape application value was high such as Picea pungens f. glauca, P. koraiensis, etc.; some of the landscape application value was low such as Cedrus deodara‘Albospica’, C. deodara‘Aurea’, etc. Due to their ornamental characteristics and application forms, ten species were worthy of introduction in landscape application, which are Picea pungens f. glauca, P. koraiensis, P. wilsonii, P. meyeri, Abies holophylla, Pinus strobus, P. sylvestris, P. griffithii, P. koraiensis and Pseudotsuga menziesii. This method system was proved to be satisfied in flexibility and accuracy and it was a scientific foundation for exploiting and utilizing the coniferous resources of ornamental plants rationally.