Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.36 Published:25 December 2012

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  Effects of Climate Warming on Rice Production and Genetic Improvement for Rice Heat-tolerance 2012, 28 (36):  1-7.  Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 618981KB )   ( 900 ) Influenced by human activities, the global climate is becoming warmer and warmer. The continuous increase of the earth surface temperature has a far-reaching impact on rice production. This paper summarized the effects of climate warming on rice growing areas and yield, the effects of high temperature damage on rice growth and development, the progress on rice heat-tolerance genetic improvement. The results are as follows: The climate warming increased the active accumulated temperature, extended the rice growth season, and made the north boundary of rice growing region move northward, which is favorable for increasing the rice planting area. The climate warming also resulted in the frequent occurrence of high temperature stress, the high temperature stress could induce serious spikelet sterility at booting and flowering stage and poor grain plumpness at filling stage, which resulted in rice yield and quality decline. A number of heat-tolerant rice germplasms have been identified, and some QTLs related to heat-tolerance were also identified from these genetic resources. Planting heat-tolerant rice is one of the most effective ways of alleviating heat damage on rice, the way of proper screening methods and crossbreeding with heat-tolerant rice as parents is appropriate for developing new heat-tolerant rice varieties.

  The Cold Acclimation Associated Genes and the Molecular Mechanism of Cold Resistance in Wheat 2012, 28 (36):  8-22.  Abstract + ( 1048 )   PDF ( 1236996KB )   ( 1469 ) The cold resistance of wheat will be acquired after the cold acclimation or cold resistance exercise. The primary investigation about the molecular mechanism and genes associated with cold acclimation and cold resistance of wheat were analyzed in this article. The regulation model of some cold signaling molecules like CBF, ICE, b-Zip, WRKY, NAC and other transcription factors were described, as well as the cold responsive proteins including COR in ABA dependent or ABA independent responsive signaling paths, aquaporins, microtube proteins, freeze resistant proteins and so on. We also discussed the recent study on the relativity between vernalizaton and cold resistance, the cold signaling pathway, and the cold responsive mechanism. We hope these reports and results will benefit to the research of molecular mechanism and molecular breeding about cold resistance of wheat in future.

  Advances in Research on Physiological activities of Triterpenoid 2012, 28 (36):  23-27.  Abstract + ( 858 )   PDF ( 594019KB )   ( 1324 ) The recent status of triterpenoid were reviewed in pharmacological activities, such as anti-cancer and anti-tumor, immune adjustment, liver protection, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory and analgesia, bactriostasis, anti-virus, and prevention heart cerebrovascular disease. The structure-function relationship among triterpenoids was summed up. It was prospected for the applying of triterpenoid in pharmacological research, new drug development, industry and agriculture.

  SScanning Electron Microscope Observation of Surface Structure of the Leaves of the Different Rice Male Sterile Lines 2012, 28 (36):  28-33.  Abstract + ( 874 )   PDF ( 2990411KB )   ( 726 ) In order to study the sensitivity of rice male sterile lines to GA3, and the relationship with surface structures of flag leaf, seven rice male sterile lines with different sensitivity to GA3 were selected from the breeding units and product units. Their surface structures of flag leaf were observed by electron microscope. The results showed that papillae number, siliceous cell area, length and width of stoma on the leaf surfaces of the different rice male sterile lines were completely different. Compared to the rice male sterile lines insensitive to GA3, the rice male sterile lines sensitive to GA3 had less papillae, smaller siliceous cell area, more stoma and more papillae on the stoma. The sensitive degree to GA3 of rice male sterile lines had a certain relationship between papillae number, siliceous cell area, stomata number and papillae number on the stoma.

  Effect of Cytoplasms and Nuclei on Cold Tolerance of Rice New Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines and Its Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics at Seedling Stage 2012, 28 (36):  34-40.  Abstract + ( 969 )   PDF ( 1287045KB )   ( 702 ) In order to explore the cold tolerance characteristics of rice new male sterile lines and its physiological and biochemical mechanism, the study focused on the identification of cold tolerance and determination of MDA contents, peroxidase activity, and biomass contents at seedling stage through Light incubator culture and the normal methods for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, peroxidase activity, and biomass contents, by using a set of male sterile lines which were with the same cytoplasm derivation and different nucleus derivations and another set of male sterile lines which were with the same nucleus derivation and different cytoplasm derivations. The results showed that, the cold tolerance was classified to 4 types, G huaxiang 2A was most tolerant to cold stress (the first class), whereas Y ruanxiang A was the weakest one for cold tolerance (the ninth class). By comparing the cold tolerance level of the male sterile lines with the same cytoplasm derivation and different nucleus derivations, G huaxiang 2A was the most tolerant, G huaxiang 1A was the second, and G ruanxiang A was the third. It showed that nuclei gene affects the cold tolerance of the sterile lines. By comparing the cold tolerance level of the male sterile lines with the same nuclei derivation and different cytoplasm derivations, WA ruanxiang A was the most tolerant, G ruanxiang A was the second, and Y ruanxiang A was the third. It showed that cytoplasm gene affects the cold tolerance of the sterile lines. The content of MDA, the activity of POD, and the seedling height, number of seedling roots and fresh weight were all related to the cold tolerance of the sterile lines. That is, if a sterile line was more tolerant to cold stress, its relative MDA content was lower, its relative POD activity also was lower, its relative fresh weight of biomass was higher.

  Salt Tolerance of Rice Variation Germplasm with Transformed Common Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon) DNA 2012, 28 (36):  41-45.  Abstract + ( 949 )   PDF ( 724857KB )   ( 782 ) The research aimed to study salt tolerance of rice variation germplasm with transformed common wild rice DNA, and screen out the materials with high salt tolerance, so as to provide germplasm for salt-tolerant rice breeding. Ten rice variation germplasms of ‘Ningjing 23’ were used to study germination and seedling growth. The results showed that when treated with 170 mmol/L NaCl, the germination level and germination rate of materials D42, D5-54, D5-27, D-10, D102, DJ18 and D68 were high, and its relative salt harm rate were low. With the solution containing 120 mmol/L NaCl, the salt tolerance of D5-27, DJ18, D5-54 and D-10 were strong, and the ratio of salt treatment and non-salt treatment of ground and underground, fresh and dry weights were high. The increased soluble sugar content of materials D5-27, DJ18, D5-54 and D-10 were higher than its receptor. Materials D42, D5-54, D5-27, D-10, D102, DJ18 and D68 had high salt tolerance in germinating stage, and materials D5-27, DJ18, D5-54 and D-10 had high salt tolerance in seedling stage.

  A Rapid Modified CTAB Method of Extracting Genomic DNA from Wheat Leaf 2012, 28 (36):  46-49.  Abstract + ( 866 )   PDF ( 1110355KB )   ( 1316 ) The aim was to seek for a rapid DNA miniprep extraction method from wheat leaves. The wheat leaves were used as experimental materials, total DNA was extracted by using methods including modified CTAB, modified SDS and Boiling. Integrality and purity of nucleic acids were detected with agarose gel electrophoresis, ultraviolet absorption and PCR. DNA quality and purity extracted by modified CTAB method were high and had no degradation phenomenon. Two hundred DNA samples could be extracted each workday by per capita using this method. PCR detection of wheat transgenic plants showed that amplified bands of target gene were clear, without false-positive, and the test results were satisfactory. The DNA purity and concentration extracted by modified SDS method were not as good as modified CTAB method, but it also met the DNA requirements of major molecular research. The DNA quantity extracted by modified Boiling method was small and had a lot of impurities in it, PCR detection of this DNA showed no amplified band, the test results were unsatisfactory. Modified CTAB method provided a simple, rapid and miniprep method for extracting DNA from wheat, and was suitable for PCR amplification and other molecular biology research.

  Combining Ability Evaluation and Genetic Analysis on Wheat Agronomic Traits Involving Parents with Dwarf and Large Spike and Varieties with Multi-resistant and High Yield 2012, 28 (36):  50-56.  Abstract + ( 1201 )   PDF ( 576958KB )   ( 754 ) In order to further exploit application potential of wheat parents with dwarf and large spike in genetic breeding, and provide theoretical basis for select elite parents and excellent crossing combinations in wheat breeding on high yield and super-high yield, 40 cross combinations were made according to NCⅡ genetic design, using the 8 × 5 incomplete diallel crosses, which 5 male parents involving dwarf and large spike varieties (lines), and 8 female parents involving multi-resistant and high yield varieties (lines). Eight characters including plant height, main spike length, spike number per plant, the number of seed setting spikelet, the grains of main spike, the yield of main spike, the yield per plant, 1000-grain weight were investigated in parents and F1 generation. Combining ability evaluation and genetic analysis were carried out on the basis of genotype variance analysis. The results showed that: in male parents, A1, A3, A4 were the excellent agronomic materials with dwarf and large spike and multi-grains, which with higher general combining ability (GCA) of most of the traits, especially spike length, the grains of main spike, the number of seed setting spikelet, the yield of main spike, and the yield per plant, and with lower GCA values for plant height. In female parents, B5 and B6 could be the high-yield breeding parents with dwarf and multi-spikes, which have higher GCA value for spike number per plant and lower for plant height. On the basis of specific combining ability (SCA) analysis, the B5×A3, which had higher SCA values involving spike number per plant, the yield of main spike, the yield per plant, and 1000-grain weight, and had lower for plant height, could be used as the key combination for selecting traits including dwarf, multi-spike, higher grain, and high yield. The B2×A4, which had higher SCA values involving main spike length, the yield per plant, spike number per plant, and had lower for plant height, could be used as the key combination for selecting traits including dwarf, large spike, and high yield. The broad heritability of four characters, including the yield per plant, 1000-grain weight, main spike length, and the grains of main spike, were more than 70%, indicated that the four traits was less affected by the environment. The narrow heritability were more than 50% for main spike length, the grains of main spike, the yield of main spike, and plant height, whereas the others were lower than 50%, indicated that these characters were more impacted by the environment, and should be select in the late generation rather than in the early.

  Study on Relationship Between the Stem Microstructure and Lodging Resistance with Different Wheat Varieties 2012, 28 (36):  57-62.  Abstract + ( 1002 )   PDF ( 826317KB )   ( 812 ) The wheat culm of widely-planted cultivar varieties and promising hybrid wheat was studied with comprehensive analysis through external form, Internal microstructure and physiological characteristic by means of the method of combining with field and laboratory, in order to research wheat lodging resistance, discuss lodging resistance of microscopic structure and physiological characteristics. The results showed that, the lodging index of wheat varieties was smaller, the stem was higher, the gravity center height of stem was declining and the basic internode was shorter and thicker, and the stem wall was thicker, the sectional area was larger. Through microscopic observation that the wheat varieties ‘Bainong AK58’ and ‘Zamai 4’ which were smaller for lodging index, the number of large vascular bundle was more, but the number of small vascular bundle was fewer in stem, the large vascular bundle were 41.8 and 37.7 of every stem, the small vascular bundle were 22.7 and 21.0 of every stem. And for the good varieties of culm quality, ‘Bainong AK58’, ‘Zhoumai 18’ and ‘Zamai 4’, their stem activity were stronger during the late filling, particularly, the stem activity of dwarf variety ‘Bainong AK58’ were 49.33 mg/(g?h), and their stem activity reached significant difference between others. The lodging of ‘Bainong AK58’ and ‘Zamai 4’ were stronger after comprehensive analysis, but the relationship between stem activity and lodging was yet to be proved.

  The Preliminary Study on QTL of Grain Filling Rate and Grain Weight in Wheat 2012, 28 (36):  63-70.  Abstract + ( 1110 )   PDF ( 1022121KB )   ( 941 ) For dynamic QTLs being located preliminarily and genetic analysis of wheat grain filing rate and thousand grain weight in different growth periods, RIL population (F9) was used for material gained from 6044×01-35 crossing. Mapmaker/version 3.0 was used to draw gene map and to calculate genetic distance among markers. Analysis of QTL effect was done by Win QTL Cart 2.5 combined with field phenotype data. The results showed that, thirteen QTLs were found in four different chromosomes. Most of QTLs were located in chromosome-2A, others were in 6A, 5A, 4A. Two grain weight QTLs were found with 9% to 33% explanation for variation. Three mean grain filling rate QTLs were found with 6% to 18% explanation for variation. One max grain filling rate QTL was found which account for 11% of variation. One period for max grain filling rate QTL was located in chromosome-6A explaining 7% phonotype variation. One first period and a fourth period grain filling rate QTL was found with 12% and 16% explanation. Two third and two fifth period grain filling rate QTLs were found with 8%-9% and 9%-10% explanation for variation dynamic QTLs locations of different periods for grain filling rate and grain weight showed the gene expression characteristics of time and space. That would lay the foundation for subtle location of grain filling rate and grain weight in wheat and for molecular marker assisted selection.

  Study on Genetic Transformation System of Maize Mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens 2012, 28 (36):  71-75.  Abstract + ( 1034 )   PDF ( 1206565KB )   ( 1097 ) In order to improve transformation efficiency of maize inbred lines and establish genetic transformation system of maize mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Agrobacterium strains EHA105 were used to inoculate maize embryonic calli of maize inbred lines 7922 and factors influencing genetic transformation system were studied with GUS as reporter gene. The results showed that: (1) with OD600=0.6 of bacterial concentration, the highest GUS transient expression efficiency was 35.3%. (2) with 15 min of infection time, the highest GUS transient expression efficiency was 37.3%. (3) with 3 days of co-cultivation time and 4 days of resting, the highest GUS transient expression efficiency was highest 29.1%. So OD600=0.6 for bacterium concentration, 15 minutes for infection, 3 days for co-cultivation and 4 days for resting were the best transformation conditions. Genetic transformation system of maize mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens was established by optimizing factors influencing this system.

  Analysis on Combining Ability of Local Maize Varieties in Three Gorge Areas 2012, 28 (36):  76-81.  Abstract + ( 909 )   PDF ( 617095KB )   ( 513 ) The primary objective of this study was to understand the breeding potential of local maize varieties in three gorge areas, 98 (7?14) hybrids crossed among 7 testers, which used commonly in three gorge areas, 14 local maize varieties in three gorge areas by NCⅡ mating design were used to estimate combining ability and its genetic parameters of local maize varieties. The results showed that, the general combining ability of the ‘Wenfeng white maize’, ‘Dazhai maize’, ‘Taiyanghe white maize’ in kernel yield per ear, ear length, ear diameter, rows per ear, kernels per row, 100-kernel weight were better. The ‘Wenfeng white maize’ and ‘Dazhai maize’ had more outstanding performance in improving the plant type and yield. All the characters of SCA had highly significant variation, and the range of kernel yield per ear was the highest (from -25.48% to 30.47%). The effect of additive variance was bigger than the effect of dominance variance in all characters. The heritability in broad sense and heritability in narrow sense were both higher in ear length, ear diameter, rows per ear etc seven characters, yet heritability in broad sense of sterile length and kernel yield per ear was bigger than heritability in narrow sense, in addition the heritability in narrow sense were small. So, these characters were selected would be based on their heribility. For example, ear length, ear diameter, rows per ear etc seven characters could be selected in early stage, sterile length and kernel yield per ear ought to be selected in lately stage.

  Differences Analysis of Nutritional Components in Different Planting Areas of Hybrid Millet-6 2012, 28 (36):  82-86.  Abstract + ( 1122 )   PDF ( 655685KB )   ( 828 ) In order to explore the high quality millet production area, based on the guidance of the working in production area, for samples with hybrid millet-6, it had been planted for standardization in Guyuan (Ningxia Province), Chifeng (Inner Mongolia), Qin’an (Gansu Province), Zhangjiakou (Hebei Province) these four spring millet area. Results showed that, protein, fat, moisture, ash, crude fiber, mineral and carbohydrate contents present significant differences by reasons about the situation of climates and soil in different areas (P<0.05). The comparative study on other grains showed that, mineral content of hybrid millet-6 was generally higher than corn, wheat and rice, especially iron (8.11 mg/100 g), magnesium (111.41 mg/100 g), selenium (0.10 mg/100 g) and zinc (2.87 mg/100 g) was the most abundant in it. Hybrid millet-6 was rich of nutrition, various kinds of nutrients significant differences reason for the differences of planting areas, Guyuan (Ningxia Province) and Chifeng (Inner Mongolia) was suitable for planting it, and suitable for its regional orientation and variety extension.

  Characterization and Evaluation for Cold Tolerance of Sorghum Germplasm 2012, 28 (36):  87-91.  Abstract + ( 1022 )   PDF ( 573596KB )   ( 749 ) Chilling injury can lead to yield reduction due to the damaged bud and seedling. In order to solve this problem and meet the demand of cold-tolerant materials for breeding, cold tolerance of 238 sorghum varieties were evaluated at germinating stage and seedling stage. 15 and 11 cold-tolerant sorghum varieties were selected for germinating stage and seedling stage, respectively. IS-2867 from India and TC1383-2, E671 from China were divided into first degree of cold-tolerant materials at both the germinating stage and seedling stage. Due to the features of cold tolerance, TC1383-2 as restorer lines in China had a great utilization value in cold tolerance breeding. The results showed that there was difference in cold tolerance among landraces, improved varieties in China and foreign varieties. There were relatively high proportion of cold-tolerant materials in landraces at germinating stage and seedling stage. It indicated there was great potential for cold tolerant materials exploiting in landraces of china.

  Effect of Exogenous Proline on Salt Tolerance of Buckwheat Seedling YANG Hong-Bing 2012, 28 (36):  92-95.  Abstract + ( 908 )   PDF ( 646738KB )   ( 735 ) The effect of exogenous proline (Pro) treatment of different concentrations on physiological characters of salt tolerance in buckwheat seedling was studied. The salt-sensitive buckwheat variety (TQ-0808) was used as experimental material, which was treated with adding different concentrations of Pro under NaCl stress of 100 mmol/L, and the relevant physiological indexes of salt tolerance were measured. The results showed that the exogenous Pro could obviously decrease the plasmalemma permeability and MDA content of buckwheat leaves, and the treatment with 20-30 ?mol/L Pro had the most decreased amount. The exogenous Pro could also obviously increase the SOD activity and net photosynthetic rate of buckwheat leaves, and the treatment with 20-30 ?mol/L Pro had the most increased amount. It indicated that the exogenous Pro could significantly improve the physiological characters of buckwheat seedling under salt stress and had a better mitigation to salt stress. The Pro treatment concentration of 20-30 ?mol/L had the best mitigation to salt stress in buckwheat seedling.

  Protein Accumulation in the Seed of Southern Spanish-type Peanut and the Analysis of Subunit Polypeptide Component 2012, 28 (36):  96-101.  Abstract + ( 816 )   PDF ( 1223028KB )   ( 631 ) In order to know the discipline of protein accumulation, distribution of protein subunits and variation of soluble protein relative concentration during the pod-setting of southern Spanish-type peanut, the Kjeldahl method and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis were used to analyze the peanut seed protein and subunits of peptide fractions. The relative concentration of peanut protein band had been estimated by Bio-Rad Image lab TM. The results showed that, Spanish-type peanut seed protein content increased dramatically after 40-50 d of the flower, then gentle rising. Protein accumulated with the seed development of whole process, and arrived the highest point in mature period. Protein growth curve was different, because unlike genotype lead to difference of protein accumulation speed and strength. The type of peanut protein species had the higher polymorphism, protein subunit composition of different between genotype. The number of bands of mature stage was the least. The soluble protein relative concentration was different in unlike genotypes. The total soluble protein relative concentration distribution in 0.01-4.59, the peak appeared in 70-80 d. Subunits relative concentration could be divided without missing and missing type, missing subunits have appeared early, medium, late and both early and late. The type of later missing and both early and late take part in peanut protein synthesis, then degrade and disappear in late stage. Two genotypes of peanut protein subunits relative to the concentration change parabola accumulation to 68 kDa strip, the remaining strip showed fluctuation accumulation.

  Studies on Photosynthetic Characteristics of High and Low Starch Cassava Variety LUO Xing-LU 2012, 28 (36):  102-106.  Abstract + ( 960 )   PDF ( 663144KB )   ( 762 ) The photosynthetic characteristics of high and low starch cassava variety were studied with LI-6400 portable photosynthesis-fluorescence measurement instrument in this experiment. The results showed that, in the whole growth period, the high and low cassava starch varieties net photosynthetic rate rise was first after a downward trend. In seedling stage of cassava, ‘Fuxuan01’ solar net photosynthetic rate was significantly lower than SC124. In the root of swollen, ‘Fuxuan01’ of solar net photosynthetic rate was significantly higher than SC124. In root formation, root at maturity, no obvious difference. In the whole growth period, the high and low cassava starch varieties transpiration rate rise was first after a downward trend. Cassava in seedling stage, the root formation, root at maturity, the transpiration rate of ‘Fuxuan01’ was obviously lower than SC124. And in the root of swollen, ‘Fuxuan01’ the transpiration rate was higher than SC124, but no obvious difference. In the whole growth period, the high and low cassava starch varieties stomatal conductance was first after the rise of the decline of the trend. In the whole growth period of cassava, ‘Fuxuan01’ solar stomatal conductance were lower than SC124. In the whole growth period, the high and low cassava starch varieties intercellular CO2 concentration was first falling trend after rising. In seedling stage, the formation of the root of cassava, ‘Fuxuan01’ solar intercellular CO2 concentration was lower than SC124, but no obvious difference. In the root of swollen, ‘Fuxuan01’ solar intercellular CO2 concentration was significantly higher than SC124. In root at maturity, ‘Fuxuan01’ solar intercellular CO2 concentration was significantly lower than SC124.

  RSM in Extraction Process Optimization for Yield of Chlorogenic Acid in Callus of Apocynum venetum 2012, 28 (36):  107-112.  Abstract + ( 898 )   PDF ( 910797KB )   ( 712 ) RSM in extraction process optimization for yield of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in callus of Apocynum venetum, the results laid the foundation for further exploration of extracting CGA in the callus on large scale. The yield of CGA was taken as the index, CGA yields in the callus were determined with HPLC and compared, the optimum extraction process was determined. On the basis of single factor analysis test, combined with central composite experimental design principle, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize extraction process. The optimum extraction method from callus of A. venetum was microwave-assisted extraction. On the basis of single factor analysis test, experiments were carried out and combined with RSM, the optimum microwave-assisted extraction process was as follows: extraction time 40min, extraction power 40w, ratio of solid to liquid 1:40, the CGA maximum yield reached 0.4911 mg/g(D.W), interaction between extraction time and extraction power had a significant impact. Establishment of the two polynomial mathematical models had the important role for CGA extraction from callus of A. venetum.

  Effect of Different Soil Amendments and Fertility Betterments on Improvement of Saline Water Irrigating Soil 2012, 28 (36):  113-118.  Abstract + ( 1013 )   PDF ( 829972KB )   ( 716 ) To study the effects of amendments saline soil improvement, the field trial with 10 treatments of different soil amendments as well as fertility betterment was conducted on condition of saline water irrigation. In this experiment the effects of amendments and fertility betterment on soil physical and chemical properties, nutrient status and wheat yields were analyzed. The results showed that, the amendment and fertility betterment decreased bulk density, increased soil permeability coefficient and capillary porosity, reduced soil pH and total salt content. Meanwhile, the content of organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil was increased, but the content of alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen of all treatments were lower than CK. The amendment and fertility betterment increased wheat yields. The results suggested that, treatment 4 (vinegar residue + cattle manure + gypsum + organic fertilizer) and treatment 5 (vinegar residue + cattle manure + gypsum + organic fertilizer + inorganic fertilizer) had the best effect on improved soil physical and chemical property, increased soil nutrient and wheat yields, it was a good choice to make full use of brackish water and improve saline soil.

  Effect of Different Fertilization Treatment on Soil Labile Organic Carbon in Mine Reclamation 2012, 28 (36):  119-123.  Abstract + ( 987 )   PDF ( 654520KB )   ( 776 ) Taking an example of a two years fertilization trial in mine reclamation soil from Shanxi Province region, China, the effect of different fertilization treatment on mine reclamation soil labile organic carbon and carbon management index were studied in this paper. Soil labile organic carbon was measured with sulfuric acid hydrolysis method. The results showed that: fertilization treatment had certain roles in promoting formation of labile organic carbon pool of mine reclamation soil, single or combined organic and inorganic fertilizers had most remarkable influence. The content of labile Ⅰ organic carbon with organic treatment and combined organic and inorganic fertilizers respectively increase by 100% and 267% than the control. The content of labile Ⅱ organic carbon with single organic treatment and combined organic and inorganic fertilizers respectively increase by 500.05% and 335.4% than the control. Soil labile organic carbon with seasons had the same variation trend in the different treatment. Fertilization treatments all could reduce refractory index of the soil carbon pool, and single organic treatment reduced most. In short, fertilization treatments could promote soil organic carbon content effectively in reclamation, and the organic fertilizer treatment is the best.

  The Effects of Different Tillage Systems on the Enzyme Activity Variation in Black Soil 2012, 28 (36):  124-127.  Abstract + ( 1154 )   PDF ( 589129KB )   ( 863 ) The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for the degradation of black oriented cultivation and technical support, and enrich the fertility theory. The enzyme activity variation of black soil in different farming conditions was studied through comparative analysis. The activity of hydrogen peroxide using potassium permanganate titration was detected by soil enzyme activity test method. The activity of urease was detected by indophenol blue colorimetry. The activity of sucrase was detected by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method. The activity of phosphatase was detected by Lan-slope etc. The results showed that alkaline phosphatase activity and four constant (organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available nitrogen) soil physical and chemical indicators were highly significant correlation. The alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in soil phosphorus cycle played a significant role in the process, and impacted on soil available phosphorus and total phosphorus content. Phosphatase played a significant role in the process of the conversion of soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus. The level of alkaline phosphatase activity could be used as evaluation the most sensitive indicator of black soil fertility. Sucrase, urease and phosphatase were highly significantly related. The relationship among the soil enzyme activities, indicated that soil enzymes had obligate features, and also had common relationships. The special nature of the enzyme not only reflect the process of transformation of soil organic compounds, and the common relationship between the overall activity of the enzyme plays a big impact on the soil of the overall fertility level to a certain extent.

  Effects of Intercropping Rhizo-remediation on Soils Contaminated with PCB NO.14 2012, 28 (36):  128-134.  Abstract + ( 1280 )   PDF ( 724381KB )   ( 1398 ) In order to better understand the bioremediation efficiency and its mechanism of co-cropping systems in agricultural soils contaminated by POPs (persistent organic pollutants), a greenhouse experiment under both single cropping and intercropping conditions with 3 plants including pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and maize (Zea mays L.) were conducted in a PCB contaminated lateritic red soil. The results indicated that the phytoremediation was good to the degradation of PCB in the soil and the co-cropping. The PCB concentration in the soil of monocropping was 70.25%-92.11% of control. The soil biodegradation of PCB was significantly enhanced under intercropping conditions with PCB concentration of 61.44%-80.53% of control. Especially, it’s the best effect in a soybean-maize intercropping system, significantly lower than control. In addition, accumulation of PCB in aboveground of all plants complied with the limit values of China Food Safety Standards. Under different cropping patterns, the fluorescein diacetate (FDA), dehydrogenase (DHO), catalase (CAT) and Eh, C/N had significant differences with control. From the correlation analysis, it showed that the PCB concentration in soil had extremely significant negative correlation with fluorescein diacetate (FDA), dehydrogenase (DHO), catalase (CAT) and C/N, and significant negative correlation with polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and Eh.

  The Research of the Potassium Condition for High Yield Soil of the Corn Belt of the Songliao Plain 2012, 28 (36):  135-141.  Abstract + ( 956 )   PDF ( 748851KB )   ( 642 ) In order to make clear the potassium condition of high yield soil of the corn belt of the Songliao plain, and improving food production. Selected different profile soil in located in Lishu County and Shengli Country, Quanyan Mountain of the Jilin Province, and Yongfa Township of Gongzhuling City as the tested soil. Determined by analyzing the content of total potassium, available potassium and slowly available potassium to realize potassium status and potential potassium status of the tested soil. The adsorption character of the tested soil was fitting to freundlich equation. High yield soil of the corn belt of the Songliao plain contained rich potassium; total potassium and slowly available potassium content were higher and available potassium content were moderate; the potassium adsorption strength of high yield soil significantly greater than its reference soil; 0.7341 ≤ 1/n ≤ 0.9575; the bound force to the potassium ion of high yield soil was weaker and be beneficial to plant absorption and utilization. The desorption rate to the adsorption potassium between high yield soil and contrast soil had greater differences. Following increased concentration of potassium in join liquid, the difference became smaller; when potassium concentration was more than 0.56 g/L, the desorption rate was close to the same.

  Organic Mineral Complex Component and Distribution Character of Organic Carbon for High Yield Soil of the Corn Belt of the Songliao Plain 2012, 28 (36):  142-147.  Abstract + ( 1054 )   PDF ( 804778KB )   ( 696 ) The paper studied the organic mineral complex component and distribution character of organic carbon of black soil under various cultivation pattern by means of ultrasonic dispersion and particle assortment method, in order to discuss the different fertilizer and farming methods of soil organic inorganic compound composition and distribution of organic carbon impact. The high yield soil of Songliao Plain was used as the object of study. The results showed that, organic mineral complex in black soil the finesand size complex was protagonist, about 40%-70% of the total quality. The clay size complex and the silty size complex were marginalia. The result after comparing with the control group soil showed that, the storage of clay size complex is lower than control group soil, the mean difference was 5.05% and 7.60%. The comparing with particle size distribution showed that the silty size complex decreased about 0.1%-3.7%, the finesand size complex and the clay size complex creased about 0.1%-5%. The organic carbon primarily consisted in the small granule diameter of organic mineral complex. There was a accumulation tendency for organic carbon to the small granule diameter of organic mineral complex (A1>A2>A3). The result after comparing with the control group soil showed that, the content of organic carbon in organic mineral complexes was higher than control group soil (No.1>No.6, No.10>No.14), and the reserves of organic carbon of clay size complex was lower than control group soil (No.1No.6, No.10>No.14).

  Analysis on Relativity Between Yield and Quality Traits of Hybrid Japonica Rice 2012, 28 (36):  148-153.  Abstract + ( 847 )   PDF ( 646015KB )   ( 793 ) The study was aimed to prove up the relationship between yield traits and quality traits in hybrid japonica rice. 5 BT-type CMS lines and 40 three-line japonica restorer lines with major difference in 1000-grain weight were crossed in p×q incomplete diallele design to study the yield components, quality traits and the relationship among them. The main results were as follow: the grain weight per plant had positively significantly correlation with panicles per plant, filled spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight (r=0.47**, 0.63**, 0.53**, 0.35**). Filled spikelets per panicle made a quite contribution to the grain yield (r=0.15**). They were the important traits for improving the rice quality in the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree. Second were the milled rice rate and head rice rate. Brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head rice rate each other was positively significantly correlation. Brown rice rate was positively significantly correlation with the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree (r=0.33**, 0.25**). The correlation between yield characters and quality characters was small. So selection for high yield characters and superior quality characters could be polymerized to hybrid rice combination.

  Effect of Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) on the Growth and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat 2012, 28 (36):  154-159.  Abstract + ( 1038 )   PDF ( 734257KB )   ( 706 ) Simulating on the atmosphere CO2 concentration in 2050 in a wheat field, investigating on the growth and yield response of winter wheat to elevated CO2, enable people to estimate the impacts of elevated CO2 on winter wheat in a CO2-rich world. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv CA0493, high gluten wheat) was grown to maturity at ambient CO2 (415±16 μmol/mol) or elevated CO2 (550±17 μmol/mol) under 2 levels of N: normal N (NN, basal dressing N 118 kg/hm2+sidedressing N 70 kg/hm2) and low N (LN, basal dressing N 66 kg/hm2+sidedressing N 17 kg/hm2) at FACE (Free Air CO2 Enrichment) system, to investigate the effects of elevated CO2 (550 μmol/mol) and N fertilizer input on height, flag leaf area and the top three leaves area, tiller number seasonal changes, grain yield and yield components of winter wheat. Results showed that elevated CO2 increased wheat height by 5.12% at jointing stage, the scale of increasing was larger under normal N than low N input. Elevated CO2 increased flag leaf area and the top three leaves area by 14.87%, 10.02% at flowering stage, respectively. Increased leaf size under elevated CO2 was determined by longer leaf length (8.97%). Elevated CO2 tend to increase the tiller number under normal N input. Grain yield increased by 18.3% under elevated CO2 (P<0.05), with 6% in low N input and 31.4% in normal N input. Panicle number per square meter and grain number per panicle increased by 5.3% and 14.5% (P<0.05) under elevated CO2, and the increase amplitude was more in normal N than low N input. Infertile spikelet number decreased significantly by 11.12% at high CO2, while thousand grains weight showed no significant change under elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 reduced the degenerated spikelet number, thus increased grain number per panicle, which accounted for the yield increase under elevated CO2.

  Effect of Density and Topdressing Time of Nitrogen on Yield and Quality of Wheat in Huaibei Area Under Super-late Sowing 2012, 28 (36):  160-164.  Abstract + ( 1028 )   PDF ( 688135KB )   ( 778 ) In order to find out the cultivation pattern of late sown wheat for high yield and good quality in the Huaibei region of Anhui Province, wheat cultivar, ‘Yannong 19’ which is the most widely cultivated in the area of Huaibei region, was used to study the effects of different density and nitrogen topdressing time on yield and quality of wheat under super-late sowing condition (21/11, about 30 days later than the conventional sowing date). The experiments was conducted in a field, three seeding density and three topdressing time of nitrogen were set, they are M1 (300×104 plant/hm2), M2 (375×104 plant/hm2) and M3 (450×104 plant/hm2), and returning green stage (T1), jointing stage (T2) and booting stage (T3), respectively. The experiment was a randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that, density and nitrogen topdressing time had significant effect on the grain yield of super-late sowed wheat. The highest (7846.5 kg/hm2) grain yield was found under density of 450×104 plant/hm2 and topdressing nitrogen at booting stage. With the density increasing, the number of ears per hectare increased while grain number per spike decreased significantly. With the delay of topdressing time of nitrogen, the 1000-grain weight increased significantly. With the density increased and nitrogen topdressing time delayed, the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the PSⅡ activity (Fv/Fo) were improved, which enable flag leaves to absorb more light energy. Protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value of wheat grains raised with topdressing time delayed. So delay the topdressing time to the booting stage could improve the grain quality of strong gluten wheat under super-late sowing.

  Different Combinations of Large-scale Pig Farm Waste Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer Effect on Wheat Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield Formation 2012, 28 (36):  165-170.  Abstract + ( 993 )   PDF ( 690026KB )   ( 647 ) In order to combine the wastewater of pig farm as a source of nutrient with cropping and realize the goal of environment protection, results of this study could provide the scientific basis for efficient wheat production that supports large-scale pig farming. In this paper, by field experiment, different combinations of large-scale pig farm wastewater (30, 60, 90, 120 m3/hm2) in winter and nitrogen fertilizer (0, 30, 60, 90 kg/hm2) at heading stage were designed to test the influences of wheat dry matter accumulation and yield formation. The main research results were as follows: at elongation stage, the wheat dry matter accumulated with the amount of waste water increasing. At heading stage, dry matter accumulation achieved the highest under the combination of 90 m3/hm2 wastewater with 30 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer. At maturity stage, dry matter accumulation achieved the highest under the combination of 30 m3/hm2 wastewater with 90 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer and 120 m3/hm2 wastewater with 30 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer. The wheat yields were higher than others under these combinations: 30 m3/hm2 wastewater and 60 m3/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer, 90 m3/hm2 wastewater and 30 m3/hm2 or 60 m3/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer, 120 m3/hm2 wastewater and 30 m3/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer. Considering the high farm wastewater bearing capacity and the target of fertilizer reduction, spreading 90 m3/hm2 to 120 m3/hm2 wastewater in winter and 30 m3/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer at heading stage was the optimal combination. In conclusion, the pig farm wastewater has efficient fertilizer function. When it was combined with reasonable amount of fertilizer, the yield can exceed conventional fertilizer production and the amounts of nitrogen fertilizer can also be cut down.

  A Comparative Study on Photosynthesis and Yield Characteristic of Different Varieties of Wheat 2012, 28 (36):  171-175.  Abstract + ( 977 )   PDF ( 724515KB )   ( 857 ) In order to select appropriate varieties in wheat production in northern Henan province, 5 varieties which grown widely and had great potential for high yield were chosen as field experiment materials. They were ‘Yumai 49-198’, ‘Lankao aizao 8’, ‘Zhoumai 22’, ‘Yunong 202’ and ‘Yanzhan 4110’, respectively. In this experiment, the comparative study on photosynthesis and yield characteristic of these 5 varieties were conducted from 2010 to 2011. Each variety was sown with suitable sowing rate at the same sowing time. The results showed that, ‘Yumai 49-198’ had higher chlorophyll content, while the accumulation of photosynthetic products was lower and the grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight were the lowest. ‘Lankao aizao 8’ had an advantage level in the chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation, but the spike number was the lowest. ‘Zhoumai 22’ not only had a higher capacity of wheat photosynthetic and grain filling, production factors also achieved a significant degree of coordination. ‘Yunong 202’ had an advantage level in the spike number, but the capacity of photosynthetic and 1000-grain weight were lower. The yield factors of ‘Yanzhan 4110’ were more compatible, but the capacity on the chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation was lower. Summing up the above, the yield component traits of ‘Zhoumai 22’ were more compatible, and the potential yield was higher. Among these varieties, ‘Zhoumai 22’ was the more appropriate variety for high and super-high grain yield.

  Modelling the Impact of Low Temperature Disasters on Maize Growth and Yield During Different Development Stages 2012, 28 (36):  176-182.  Abstract + ( 1039 )   PDF ( 1076699KB )   ( 759 ) In view of the intensity and continuous days of low temperature disaster occurrence, used by the WOFOST model, simulated the impact of the intensity and continuous days of low temperature disaster to the filling and yield of maize during seeding, tasseling and filling-beginning stages. The results showed that, the filling begin times of the low temperature during seeding stage and tasseling stage to filling process of maize were longer one to four days than that of the natural temperature condition, and the time would become longer with the stronger intensity and more continuous days of low temperature. But the effect of the low temperature during filling-begin stage to yield of maize by slow down and stop the rate of filling. From the simulation results of the effect of the low temperature to the yield of maize, the biggest effect to maize was that low temperature occurred during filling-begin stage, the bigger was tasseling stage, and the smallest effect was seeding stage. Reduce rate about 2.1 to 16.99 percentage caused by low temperature.

  The Experiment of Different Sowing Time for New Maize Variety of ‘Hengxing 401’ in Jiangxi Paddy Field 2012, 28 (36):  183-187.  Abstract + ( 842 )   PDF ( 762669KB )   ( 739 ) This experiment is setted different sowing periods to observe the maize yield and plant characteristics in order to explore the ecological adaptability of ‘Hengxing 401’ on Paddy Field in Jiangxi. The results of this test showed that, when the seed of ‘Hengxing 401’ was sown in July 25th its yield, plant height and dry matter weight was the best performance, and significantly different with other treatments. In addition the dry matter weight had extremely significant difference with the others. The content of chlorophyll was the highest sown in July 15th, except had not significant difference with sown in August 5th, but had extremely significant difference with the other two. In addition the blade number of different sowing periods was little impact. Therefore, the breed of ‘Hengxing 401’ was properly cultivated during July 15th-25th in Jiangxi or the other southern regions.

  Effect of Planting Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer Topdressing on Yield Character of Broomcorn Millet 2012, 28 (36):  188-194.  Abstract + ( 1295 )   PDF ( 903886KB )   ( 940 ) By Millet different density and nitrogen on yield traits to recover research on the impact, for millet cultivation techniques to provide a theoretical basis. Using split-plot design, density-based area, located four levels for the sub-region to recover nitrogen, 45 million/hm2, 52.5 million/hm2, 60 million/hm2, 67.5 million/hm2; located 5 level, 0 kg/hm2, 45 kg/hm2, 60 kg/hm2, 135 kg/hm2, 180 kg/hm2, a total of 20 treatments, compare yield differences and chlorophyll, leaf area, soil nitrogen base variation. The results showed that, density of 60 million/hm2, chasing nitrogen in 60 kg/hm2 strategy, access to both a higher yield but also a higher economic efficiency. In order to obtain a higher yield, in the low-density conditions, should be increased to recover nitrogen, increased nutrients, and promote tillering. In the high-density conditions, the nitrogen should be reduced to recover the control tiller, so that the density of millet harvest reached densities at or close to 62 million/hm2-69 million/hm2 optimum density within the range.

  Studies on the Effects of Mechanization Cultivation on the Root Tubers Yield of Cassava and the Fertility of Soil LUO Xing-LU 2012, 28 (36):  195-200.  Abstract + ( 933 )   PDF ( 627449KB )   ( 760 ) This study investigated the effects of mechanization cultivation on the root tubers yield of cassava and the fertility of soil. The cassava cultivar ‘Xinxuan 048’, SC5 and SC205 which had been producted on the wide use of large area was used as materials, and the mechanization cultivation and artificial cultivation were compared in the studies. The root tubers yield of cassava and the fertility of soil were analyzed during the experiment. The results showed that, the contents of soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter and the yield of cassava with mechanization cultivation were significantly higher than those of artificial cultivation. The contents of soil available N, P, K and organic matter increased respectively by 7.23%, 6.27%, 16.76%, 4.46% in ‘Xinxuan 048’, increased respectively by 11.09%, 32.58%, 21.80%, 3.73% in SC5, and increased respectively by 9.21%, 14.28%, 16.80%, 5.21% in SC205. The cassava cultivar ‘Xinxuan 048’, SC5 and SC205 which the root tubers yield increased respectively by 14.02%, 5.86% and16.70%. This showed that the mechanization cultivation play a positive role in improving soil fertility, promoting cassava growth and increasing the yield of cassava, it should be applied extends in the planting of cassava. In addition, the cassava cultivar ‘Xinxuan 048’ and SC205 whose yield increased significantly in the mechanization cultivation, so they are worthy of spreading.

  Effects of Coated Mutual Mix Fertilizer on Nutrients Absorption and Yield of Oilseed Rape 2012, 28 (36):  201-204.  Abstract + ( 1076 )   PDF ( 610701KB )   ( 849 ) For the effects of coated mutual mix fertilizer on nutrients absorption and yield of oilseed rape field experiments were conducted to investigate effects of coated mutual mix fertilizer on N, P, K (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) uptake and seeds yield of ‘Xiangzayou1613’. The results showed that, coated mutual mix fertilizer could improve yield of oilseed significantly under the same rate of fertilizer, the yield had reached 2696 kg/hm2, increase rate was 26.9%. Coated mutual mix fertilizer could improve effective pod and seeds per pod significantly also, and 1000-seed weight had a little increase, yet. Coated mutual mix fertilizer treatments had higher N, P, K accumulation amount, tendency of N, P, K accumulation amount was similar with seeds yield, and there was significant relationship between yield and N, P, K accumulation amount.

  Investigation of Present Fertilization on Crops by Different Rapeseed Rotation Systems in Hubei Province 2012, 28 (36):  205-211.  Abstract + ( 957 )   PDF ( 671450KB )   ( 734 ) In order to establish high efficient fertilization technique system for rapeseed production in Hubei Province. This survey was conducted by spot field investigation to study the present situation of nutrient management and the problems existing in the fertilization technique on rapeseed by five rotation systems in Hubei Province. The results showed that, only 20.2% and 69.4% of the surveyed farmlands applied organic fertilizer and boron in rapeseed plating. The average application amount of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer were 203.7, 71.3, 50.2 kg/hm2 respectively, which ratio was 1:0.35:0.25, and rapeseed average consume about 49.3%, 51.6% and 50.8% of the total N, P and K fertilizer used for a rotation period. The problems in rapeseed rotation systems nutrient management were displayed as follow: farmers applied excessive N fertilizer, and ignored the application of P and K fertilizer, especially for K. The ratio of N, P and K was imbalanced and the application amount of fertilizer different in regions and farmers. Excess and insufficient fertilization coexisted. The concept of the nutrient co-ordination by various rotation systems needed to be promoted. In addition, the application amount of the organic manure was low and the use of boron fertilizer need to popular. It suggested that, the nutrient management should take the characteristics of crop nutrient physiology need and cropping systems into consideration. At the same time, it’s important to establish a new concept of sustainable agriculture fertilizer, so as to achieve maximum nutrient resources and promote the development of rapeseed and other planting.

  Survey of Soil Nutrients about High-yield Cotton Field in Southern Xinjiang 2012, 28 (36):  212-218.  Abstract + ( 834 )   PDF ( 665190KB )   ( 781 ) In order to investigate the soil nutrients of high-yielding cotton in southern Xinjiang during the “Eleventh Five-year Plan”, a typical high-yield cotton in Bavaria for the study, fixed sampling in the seed cotton yield in 6750-7500 kg/hm2 of the cotton fields with two consecutive years. The results showed that, 48.33% of the sample total nitrogen content was low level; 63.33% of the sample alkali-hydro nitrogen content was medium level; 46.67% of the sample effective phosphorus was medium level; 61.67% of the sample of the effective potassium content was low level; 100% of the sample commutativity calcium, exchangeable magnesium, effective sulfur belong to high level; 81.48% of the sample of the effective boron content was medium level; 88.88% of the sample effective copper content was medium level; 77.78% of the sample effective iron content belonged to low level; 92.59% of the sample effective zinc content belonged to low level. In “Twelve Five-year Plan”, keep cotton plateau, production, we should pay attention to the use of potash fertilizer, and at the same time, to ensure the adequate use of organic fertilizer, reasonable fertilizer nitrogen phosphate fertilizer, trace element must take seriously to zinc fertilizer, iron fertilizer application, the boron fertilizer, copper fertilizer according to cotton growing moderate fertilizer.

  Advances on Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants 2012, 28 (36):  219-226.  Abstract + ( 1047 )   PDF ( 821345KB )   ( 1816 ) This article will give reader an overview of ROS, especially it widen the understanding of the role of ROS on tapping panel dryness and the molecular mechanism of high yielding. Here we reviewed that how ROS were produced and scavenged, which factors could affect its metabolism, its dual function and available methods to detect ROS. Emphases are also put on ROS of laticifers in hevea brasiliensis. After summarization what occurs in laticifers, the possible way to yield or remove of ROS in it and then mitochondria are pointed out to be another main organelle to generate ROS. At last, the prospect was provided.

  Analysis of Major Gene Plus Polygene Inheritance Effects on Soybean Pod Borer Resistance 2012, 28 (36):  227-230.  Abstract + ( 1101 )   PDF ( 679842KB )   ( 1572 ) In order to investigate the genetic characteristics of soybean pod borer resistance and improve the breeding efficiency of soybean pod borer resistance, the major gene and minor gene mixed genetic model of crops quantitative traits was applied for multi generational joint analysis of soybean rate of insect food, with 5 pedigrees of the hybrid 2002 selected plant (P1) × EXP (P2), P1, F1, P2, F2, F2:3 as materials. The results showed that, the inheritance of soybean rate of insect food was controlled by a pair of additive major gene plus additive-dominant multiple gene. The major gene had additive effect, which was negative (d=-0.1633). Negative heterosis existed for soybean rate of insect food. The multi gene additive effect was positive, which could increase soybean rate of insect food of F1 generation. The groups of F2 and F2:3 pedigrees showed a relatively high multiple gene heritability of soybean rate of insect food, which was 21.9556%% and 54.3490%, respectively, so that a late selection on soybean rate of insect food could be made.

  Effects of Transgenic Bt+CpTI Cotton Planting on Functional Diversity of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community 2012, 28 (36):  231-236.  Abstract + ( 883 )   PDF ( 661192KB )   ( 762 ) Study on effects of planting transgenic cotton on functional diversity in rhizosphere soil microbial community. By the method of Biolog, a comparative study was made on the utilization level of single carbon source by the microbes in the rhizosphere soils of transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton SGK321 and its parental isoline ‘Shiyuan 321’ in different growth stages. The results showed that, the Average Well Color Development (AWCD) changed in the following variation: compared with the parental isoline, AWCD value of transgenic cotton at seedling stage and budding stage were significantly higher (P<0.05) while flower and boll stage and boll-opening stage were significantly lower. The Shannon index (H) and Simpson's Dominance (D) of the soil microbial community varied with the growth stages, whereas the Substrate evenness (E) with no significant difference between transgenic cotton and its parental isoline in the four growth stages. Principal component analysis indicated that the carbon source utilization of soil microbial community was similar among transgenic cotton at seeding stage and flower and boll stage and parental isoline at seeding stage and budding stage, also the same finding among parental at flower and boll stage and transgenic at budding stage. The main carbon sources used by soil microbes were carbohydrates, amino acids, carboxylic acids, polymers.

  The Detection and Sequence Analysis of Pathogen from Mulberry Mosaic Dwarf Disease 2012, 28 (36):  237-240.  Abstract + ( 1046 )   PDF ( 755321KB )   ( 693 ) The aims were to obtain the pathogenic sequence of mulberry mosaic dwarf disease in Ankang area, and provide more information on the control of the disease. The pathogen of mulberry mosaic dwarf disease in Ankang area was isolated by RT-PCR, and the secondary structure was predicted in Mfold web. The length of the pathogen, MMDVd-201110151 (GenBank accession number: JQ809700), was 357 bp, and the GC percent was 50.7% in it. The 38 bp behind 219 bp had 85% identity with cscRNA1.150. The secondary structure of MMDVd-201110151 was predicted in Mfold web, 58.3% pairs in the secondary structure, and the two ends in it were both branched. The pathogen of mulberry mosaic dwarf disease in Ankang area was isolated successfully.

  Establishment and Primary Application of AFLP Analysis System for Genetic Diversity Analysis of Liparis japonica 2012, 28 (36):  241-245.  Abstract + ( 873 )   PDF ( 878509KB )   ( 917 ) To establish and apply of AFLP analysis system for genetic diversity analysis of Liparis japonica. The genomic DNA in the fresh leaves of Liparis japonica was extracted using the traditional SDS method, and an AFLP silver-stained analysis system suitable for L. japonica was established by optimizing several main factors and then applied for genetic diversity analysis of L. japonica populations in northeast China. 500 ng genomic DNA was digested for 3 h with EcoRⅠand MseⅠrestriction enzymes, ligated to adaptors for 12 h at 16 ℃, pre-amplified using EcoRⅠ+1 and MseⅠ+1 primers and then amplified using EcoRⅠ+3 and MseⅠ+3 primers. The amplified products were resolved in denaturing ployacrylamide gels and stained with silver, and then the clear ploymorphic fingerprints were obtained. AFLP analysis of 185 individuals of L. japonica using three pairs of primers generated a total of 221 bands, of which 195 were polymorphic and the PPB value was 88.24%. The AFLP analysis system we established could be used in the research of genetic diversity of L. japonica species.

  Research on Hydrolysis Conditions for the Process Parameters of Liquid Seaweed Organic Fertilizer 2012, 28 (36):  246-250.  Abstract + ( 874 )   PDF ( 608242KB )   ( 873 ) In order to research the process parameters of liquid seaweed organic fertilizer by composite enzyme, with PPC composite enzyme hydrolysis seaweed to produce the liquid seaweed biological organic, as a single factor of control condition, test independently the main factors in the process of enzymolysis (temperature, pH, enzyme quantity and reaction time). Through orthogonal experiment optimized combination process occurs .Experimental results proved that the more ideal composite enzyme solution of the liquid seaweed organic production craft combination for: temperature 50℃ conditions, PPC composite enzyme adding amount of 0.4%, pH 6 conditions reaction 72 hours, the income of the liquid seaweed organic acid content of seaweed being 37.243 mg/mL.

  Synergism of Rotenone and Azadirachtin Against Larvae of Diamondback Moth. 2012, 28 (36):  251-254.  Abstract + ( 1048 )   PDF ( 926873KB )   ( 754 ) The research aimed to determine the common-toxicity of the mixture of rotenone and azadirachtin and provide theoretical basis for developing natural pesticides. The antifeeding and contacting activities of rotenone and azadirachtin and their admixture against the 2rd-instar larvae of Diamondback Moth were conducted in laboratory. The results showed that a 1:7 mixture of azadirachitin and rotenone was the most synergetic with a co-toxicity coefficient of 322.96. On this condition the admixture had the most synergistic effect, the LC50 was 49.72 mg/L for up to 48 h. The admixture produced amaximum anti-feeding effect and the AFC50 was 22.19 mg/L when the admixture was blended with rotenone and azadirachitin at the ratio of 7:1. On this condition was the most synergetic with a co-toxicity coefficient of 292.22.

  Study on the Difference of Amata emma’s Preference to Cloth in Six Different Colors 2012, 28 (36):  255-258.  Abstract + ( 786 )   PDF ( 695329KB )   ( 751 ) n order to study the preference to six different colors in the light of high-pressure mercury lamp, so that to provide support to design a new kind of pest-trap technology. Count the number and the distribution of A. emma on each cloth after a balanced dispersion of which trapped ahead. A new definition, Preference Index, varied from 0 to 100, was used to value A. emma’s preference to cloth in different colors. The results suggested that A. emma had the strongest preference to yellow cloth, with the Preference Index of 47.10, which had significant difference (P＜0.01) when compared with other colors; the green cloth got the second strongest Preference Index of 24.39, which was significantly different from the other four kinds of cloth. The lowest Preference Index came from the purple cloth. A. emma’s preference to six different colors significantly varies, thus providing the feasibility of designing a new kind of selectively pest-trap technology. By the way, the method used in this experiment provided an alternative method for the future research in this field, focusing on single species of phototaxis insect.

  The effects on survival ability of Beauveria bassiana under soil microecological environment 2012, 28 (36):  259-263.  Abstract + ( 999 )   PDF ( 701314KB )   ( 733 ) null

  null 2012, 28 (36):  264-268.  Abstract + ( 983 )   PDF ( 594001KB )   ( 690 ) null

  null 2012, 28 (36):  269-272.  Abstract + ( 854 )   PDF ( 542149KB )   ( 654 ) Control effect of Derby, pinoxaden and isoproturon was investigated in barley field weeds of Jianghuai region. The results showed that, the effect of Derby was better for broadleaf weeds and pinoxaden was better for grass weeds in barley field weeds. Chemical control by the does 150 mL/hm2 of Derby 58 g/L SC plus 1200 mL/hm2 of pinoxaden 5% EC was the best. At 60 days after, correction control effect and fresh weight inhibition rate were 98.58% and 98.77%. Furthermore, it was safety and could be used as pre-emergence herbicides for extensive in barley field of Jianghuai region.

  Control Effect of Profume Fumigant on Cucumber Root Knot Nematodes in the Greenhouse 2012, 28 (36):  273-276.  Abstract + ( 906 )   PDF ( 545207KB )   ( 746 ) null

  null 2012, 28 (36):  277-281.  Abstract + ( 984 )   PDF ( 581878KB )   ( 1206 ) null

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  Effect on Aroma Substance and Smoking Quality of Tobacco by Diverse Curing Techniques 2012, 28 (36):  290-294.  Abstract + ( 854 )   PDF ( 619660KB )   ( 708 ) This trial was carried out to seek after curing technique of lower leaves of flue-cured tobacco ‘KRK26’, and to improve curing quality. The effects of curing techniques on the content of aroma substance and smoking quality were studied. The three curing techniques were made by different temperature and humility conditions. The results indicated that the curing technique of middle temperature and middle humidity had the highest aroma materials content and score of the smoking indexes in the three curing techniques being 534.265 μg/g and 65.9 cent followed by the curing technique of lower temperature and lower humidity, was 532.621 μg/g and 64.7 cent, the lowest curing technique of middle temperature and higher humidity was 456.301 μg/g and 64 cent. The smoking quality score had the same trend line of change with the content of aroma. Utilization of curing technique of middle temperature and middle humidity can make an effective improvement of the quality.

  null 2012, 28 (36):  295-299.  Abstract + ( 1062 )   PDF ( 710185KB )   ( 651 ) null

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  The Survey and Analysis on the Public Knowledge of Genetically Modified Food in Guangxi 2012, 28 (36):  306-311.  Abstract + ( 1227 )   PDF ( 557158KB )   ( 963 ) In order to understand the public knowledge of genetically modified food in Guangxi, in January 2011, five team workers conducted a questionnaire survey for 1256 people in supermarkets, public squares, campuses et al. in 6 main cities of Guangxi. The results showed that, 35.5% of the respondents did not understand genetically modified food, only 24.5% of the respondents to the genetically modified food had certain knowledge. People’s knowledge of genetically modified food was positive correction with the education background, and school education was one of the important ways to understand transgenic food. Most consumers didn’t concern the genetically modified food, and didn’t know any management policy for genetically modified food. Enhancing the public awareness, improving testing techniques and guarantee the safety of genetically modified foods were the future efforts for genetically modified food.

  Discussion on the Fresh Waxy Corn Served as Staple Food 2012, 28 (36):  312-316.  Abstract + ( 1004 )   PDF ( 638477KB )   ( 702 ) null