Current issue

• 2012 Vol.28 No.35 Published:15 December 2012

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  Phage Therapy of Colibacillosis 2012, 28 (35):  1-5.  Abstract + ( 760 )   PDF ( 578426KB )   ( 1595 ) In recent years, the resistant bacteria increased dramatically due to the abuse of antibiotics. The researches on new antibiotics faced many problems, such as prolonged development process, high cost, resistance of the bacteria appeared quickly after antibiotics coming into markets and so on, which have seriously limited the application of antibiotics in the treatment of the bacterial diseases. As a kind of natural antiseptic, phages play an important role in the bacteriolysis to the bacteria from human, animal, food or environment. This paper was reviewed on the issue of phage therapy of colibacillosis.

  Effect of High Doses of Copper Levels on Growth of Mink and Serum Biochemical Parameters 2012, 28 (35):  6-12.  Abstract + ( 873 )   PDF ( 671092KB )   ( 592 ) Effects on growth and serum biochemical parameters of early breeding mink when feed on different levels of copper were studied in this experiment. Met-Cu was copper source, 7 groups male minks of 86 days old (each group had 10 male minks) supplemented with different levels of copper (0, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 300 mg/kg) for 60 days for feeding and digestion metabolism experiment. ADG, F/G, FD, ND, NUP, BV TP, CER, ALT and Cu Zu-SOD in serum were determined and analyzed when fed on 210-240 mg/kg copper, ADG and serum biochemical parameters of mink were increased, when fed on 250-300 mg/kg copper, ADG and serum biochemical parameters of mink were decreased. When fed with 240 mg/kg copper, ADG gained up to 17.50 g/d (P<0.05). When added Met-Cu into breeding mink, the addition of copper level reaching 210-240 mg/kg could promoted growth and serum enzyme activity (Basal diets contained 26.68 mg/kg Cu) obviously; More than 240 mg/kg may significantly inhibited growth and serum enzyme activity .When added to 240 mg/kg, body weight and ADG were the highest.

  Field replacement control of Ageratum conyzoides with five pasture species 2012, 28 (35):  13-18.  Abstract + ( 1200 )   PDF ( 612009KB )   ( 724 ) Study the replacement control effect on invasive weed Ageratum conyzoides with five pasture species in order to provide prevention and control reference for Ageratum conyzoides. A replacement field experiment was conducted to evaluate the restoring effect of the field invaded by Ageratum conyzoides. In this study, five replacement control modles, which were formed by five pasture species (Lolium multiflorumLam. L., Sorghum bicolor Moench, Lolium perenne L., Trifolium repens, Pennisetum americanum) that were mixed grown with target plant Ageratum conyzoides respectively with the proportions of about 2:1. Then monitored the plants population and community indexes on set date for evaluating the replacement control effect on invasive weed Ageratum conyzoides resulting from five pasture species. The replacement field experiment results showed that for Lolium multiflorumLam. L., the plant height was not obstructed, coverage was dominant, community Simpson index and Shannon-wiener index turned larger, and the important value of Ageratum conyzoides turned smaller. For Lolium perenne L., all of the community index value was similar to the Lolium multiflorumLam L. except Shannon-wiener index. For Sorghum bicolor Moench, Trifolium repens and Pennisetum americanum, in spite of coverage was dominant, and community Simpson index turned larger, but the plant height was obstructed, the Shannon-wiener index turned smaller, and the important value of Ageratum conyzoides turned larger. The above description indicated Lolium multiflorumLam L. and Lolium perenne L. could effectively control Ageratum conyzoides, but Sorghum bicolor Moench, Trifolium repens and Pennisetum americanum had almost no effect in preventing and controlling Ageratum conyzoides in replacement field experiment.

  AnAnalysis on Hereditary Feature of Kunming Mice and ICR Mice 2012, 28 (35):  19-24.  Abstract + ( 922 )   PDF ( 644266KB )   ( 661 ) In order to explore the method for genetic quality control of closed colony, we studied the hereditary feature for KM and ICR mice in two departments of Liaoning Province by using microsatellites and viscera index detection. Detecting Index detection by conventional method, ten microsatellites loci on different chromosomes were chosen, and its polymorphism information content was rich, to analyze on genetic polymorphism of mouse by PCR amplification and PAGE electrophoresis. The results showed that, there was significant difference that body weight and part viscera index in two departments of Liaoning Province, and it was approximate about numbers of allele and genotype, H, PIC of ten microsatellites loci in two departments, genetic diversity of A departments KM was higher than B departments, genetic diversity of B departments ICR was higher than a departments, genetic distance was approximate between two departments of two strains. There was faint genetic differentiation in two departments of KM and ICR mice.

  The Measurement and Correlation Analysis of Body Weight, Body Size and Carcass Traits of Hetian Chicks 2012, 28 (35):  25-28.  Abstract + ( 778 )   The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation among body weight, body size and carcass traits of hetian chicks in order to provide scientific basis for breeding and improving the native breeds. The body weight, body size and carcass traits of Hetian Chicks at 120 days were measured and the correlations among these traits were analyzed. The results showed that there were very significant differences between the male and female chicks for body weight, body slope length, fossil bone length, breast depth, breast width, shank length and shank circumference (P＜0.01). The body weight had significant positive correlation (P＜0.01) to body slope length, fossil bone length, breast depth, breast width, shank length and shank cirumference. And there are vary degree correlation among others traits. There were significant difference (P＜0.01)）between male and female chicks for slaughter weight, carcass weight, half-eviscerated weight, eviscerated weight, leg muscle weight, abdominal fat weight, skin fat weight, percentage of leg musle and percentage of abdominal fat. And there were vary degree correlation among others traits.

  Wintering Habitat Selection of Scaly-sided Merganser (Mergus squamatus) in Jiangxi Province 2012, 28 (35):  29-32.  Abstract + ( 776 )   PDF ( 675695KB )   ( 628 ) In order to probe the wintering habitat selection of Mergus squamatus. The methods of fixed-spot observation, GPS positioning, plot sampling measurement, factor analysis, and χ2 test were used to investigate Merganser’s wintering habitat in Jiangxi Province. The results showed that: the habitat type choice had the characters of universality and particularity. The key elements for the wintering habitat selection were vegetation cover, water environment, terrain factor, human disturbance factor. The wintering habitat selection of Mergus squamatus was prior to the area which have low altitude (50-60 m, 78.6%), low gradient (<0.36, 98.6%), low noise distribution (<40 dB, 89.2%), and far away from village ( 6-12 km, 71.9%), middle far away from village( 6-12 km, 71.9%), road (1-2 km, 79.4%), and forest edge (<50 m, 85.4%).

  Review of Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Detection Programme in Its Eradication 2012, 28 (35):  33-37.  Abstract + ( 949 )   PDF ( 573995KB )   ( 716 ) Mycoplasmal Pneumonia of Swine (MPS) was caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp), one of the most important causes of disease associated loss in swine production worldwide. Many developed countries, particularly in Western Europe and North America, control the disease through eradicate the pathogeny. When start to a programme to eradication Mhp, a diagnostic tools for the identification of Mhp must be implement to monitor success and remain vigilant to disease threats. However, the diagnostic programmes used in each farm were different. There was a lack of reliable diagnostic programme for the identification of Mhp negative herd. This paper gave a review to some diagnostic tools for eradicating the MPS in different farms worldwide and summarized them for domestic eradicating the MPS.

  Prevention and Cure Effecte of Phage on Chicken Colibacillosis through Subcutaneous and Air Sac Inoculation 2012, 28 (35):  38-41.  Abstract + ( 779 )   PDF ( 560189KB )   ( 738 ) The paper aimed to evaluate the prevention and cure effects of phage on chicken colibacillosis through subcutaneous innoculation and air sac inoculation, respectively. The results showed that phage suspension used in the experiments was safe to chickens; air sac inoculation of 4×108 pfu phage suspension followed by attack of pathogenic E. coli after 12 h gained 10% of mortality, while the control group had 80% of mortality. The mortality of chickens through subcutaneous inoculation with the same dose of phage 3 h before infection declined from 80% to 40%. The results indicated that, air sac inoculation of phage could be more effective to control the infection of chicken colibacillosis.

  Research of the Effect of Alfalfa Polysaccharides on Mice Dendritic Cells Proliferation and Energy Metabolism Level of Macrophage 2012, 28 (35):  42-46.  Abstract + ( 885 )   PDF ( 691507KB )   ( 700 ) In order to systematacially discuss the effect of alfalfa polysaccharides on mice immunocyte proliferation and lay a foundation for the next deep research of alfalfa polysaccharides on the immune activity regulating, MMT assay were adopted to detect the effect of alfalfa polysaccharides on the proliferation of normal Balb/c mice bone marrow dendritic cells in vitro as well as the energy metabolism level of peritoneal macrophage. The results indicated that, alfalfa polysaccharides could stimulate the proliferation of mice bone marrow dendritic cells and the energy metabolism level improvement of peritoneal macrophage, which indicated that alfalfa polysaccharides could enhance antigen submission function of accessory cells. Consequently, alfalfa polysaccharides could improve immune competent cell function by enhancing antigen submission function of accessory cells.

  The Effect of γ-aminobutyric on Growth Performance and Serum Levels of Protein and Enzyme Activity in Weaned Piglets 2012, 28 (35):  47-50.  Abstract + ( 760 )   PDF ( 587259KB )   ( 577 ) This experiment was conducted to study the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, feed weight ratio and total protein, albumin level and serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activity in weaned piglets. 80 weaned piglets were divided randomly into I,Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳgroups with 20 in each group. Group I was control group. Group Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ were added by 15 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 45 mg/kg GABA into diets respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The effects of GABA on the growth performance of weaned piglets during the entire test period were studied and the serum levels of protein and enzyme activity at the end of the test were detected. The results showed that, the ABW and ADFI and ADG of group 15 mg/kg GABA was slightly less than the control group (P>0.05), and the group 15 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg GABA was significantly enhanced, compared with the control group (P<0.05); compared with the control group，the F/G of the group 15 mg/kg GABA was significantly lowered (P<0.05); There was no significant difference in serum TP, ALB content (P>0.05); compared with the control group, serum urea nitrogen level decreased significantly in the add group of 15mg/kg GABA(P<0.05); The test group GOT activity was lower than that of control group (P>0.05); The activity of ALT the group 15 mg/kg was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.01), and than that of the group 25 mg/kg GABA (P<0.05). The results indicated that 15 mg/kg GABA could improved average daily gain, average daily feed intake of weaning pigs, reduced effectively the level of serum urea nitrogen and GOT, ALT activity.

  Study on the Muscle Histological Characteristics of Red Deer 2012, 28 (35):  51-54.  Abstract + ( 787 )   PDF ( 559226KB )   ( 665 ) In order to study the meat muscle quality of different parts of Red Deer. The muscle fiber diameter, area, number and density was measured with paraffin section. The results indicated that the muscle fiber diameter of Tianshan male Red Deer was significant lower than female Red Deer in addition to Chest muscle and Rectus abdominis (P<0.05). The muscle fiber area of Tianshan male Red Deer was lower than female Red Deer, and Neck trapezius muscle, Triceps of arm, Intercostals muscle, Longissimusdorsi and Vastus lateralis muscle were significant (P<0.05). The number of muscle fiber of Tianshan male Red Deer wasn’t significant higher than female Red Deer (P>0.05). The muscle fiber density of Neck trapezius muscle, Chest muscle, Rectus abdominis and Gluteus medius from Tianshan male Red Deer was higher than that of female Red Deer. There was significant difference (P<0.05) and not significant difference (P>0.05) among the same sex and different muscles. By comprehensive anglicizing, the meat quality of Tianshan male Red Deer was better than Tianshan male Red Deer and the comparison results of different groups were Longissimusdorsi>Vastus lateralismuscle>Supraspinatus>Gluteus medius>Intercostal muscle>Triceps of arm muscle>Rectus abdominis>Chest muscle>Neck trapezius muscle.

  Protective Effect of Rosa laevigata Michx Polysaccharide on Acute Hepatic Injury Mice 2012, 28 (35):  55-58.  Abstract + ( 798 )   PDF ( 566936KB )   ( 696 ) To observe the hepatoprotective effects of Rosa laevigata Michx polysaccharide (RLP) on acute hepatic injury mice induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The acute hepatic injury mice of model was induced by CCl4. The levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were assayed by spectrophotometry in order to observe hepatoprotective effect of RLP. The results showed that, High-dosage RLP could significantly decreased liver index (P<0.05) and spleen index (P<0.01). Both high-dosage RLP and middle-dosage RLP could significantly decreased ALP, AST and ALT in the serum (P<0.01), but that of in liver tissue was just the opposite. And the above 2 groups could significantly decreased MDA and increased GSH-Px, GSH and SOD content (P<0.05 or P<0.01) in liver tissue of CCl4 poisoned mouse. RLP has hepatoprotective effect on acute hepatic injury in mice induced by CCl4.

  Primary Studies on Fibrinolytic Function of Fibrinolysis Enzyme in vivo and Preparation of Its Capsules 2012, 28 (35):  59-64.  Abstract + ( 966 )   PDF ( 1546370KB )   ( 696 ) In order to research the fibrinolytic effect of fibrinolysis enzyme in vivo and the method to prepare its capsules, cutting tail procedure and glass slice method were carried out in this study. The results of acute toxicity test with mice showed that the Douchi Fibrinolytic Enzyme (DFE) was safe. After one week’s intragastric administration with mice by different doses of DFE, bleeding time and coagulation time in vivo were detected. The results showed that high 80 (U/g?d) and middle dose 40 (U/g?d) of DFE could extend the bleeding time and coagulation time obviously. The result of thrombolytic effect experiment in vivo suggested that the high dose (80 (U/g?d)) of DFE was resultful, but the effect of middle dose and low dose DFE were not obvious. In addition, the results indicated that the methods used in the study were fit to make the DFE into capsules. In short, the DFE, which was nontoxic, has great potential to be thrombolytic agents.

  The Establishment of Immunosuppressive Model for Fujian Rabbit 2012, 28 (35):  65-68.  Abstract + ( 789 )   PDF ( 583722KB )   ( 666 ) In order to develop an immunosuppression animal model with easy replication and good economic application which also applicable in the field of traditional Chinese medical research. At the same time, it provided a new kind of experimental basis for Fujian rabbit. The experiment took the hydrocortisone as injection, 6 experimental groups, 1 control group and five dosage groups (at 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 mg/kg daily respectively), CD4, CD8 cell content would be examined by flow cytometry and spleen was removed in order to calculate the spleen index. The results showed that, after injection, CD4 and CD8 cell in B, C dosage group (25, 30 mg/kg respectively) had gone down obviously which demonstrated that they were the most appropriate injection dosage. There were different degrees of reduction in weighted spleen of dosage groups when compared with the control group, which implied the immunity function had damaged. Then, B, C, D group showed a more significant level of decline, especially with group C. It confirmed that the C group was the most appropriate injection dosage in immunosuppression animal model from this research.

  A Review of Microcystin: Toxic Effects and Mechanisms in Exposed Fish 2012, 28 (35):  69-74.  Abstract + ( 1070 )   PDF ( 661173KB )   ( 769 ) Toxic effect and mechanism of Microcystin (MC) on fish had became a hotspot in environment toxicology. This review included the effects of fish exposed to MC; the relationship between structure and toxic effect; the routs that MC would be absorbed by fish; two kinds of potential mechanisms that MC induced toxic effect on fish. Enormous toxic researched on MC have been done to indicate that intestinal tract might be the most potential rout that MC was absorbed by fish; MC induced oxidative stress on fish, surplus reactive oxygen species (ROS), as a second messenger, and/or MC could inhibited protein phosphatases 1 and 2A which have important role of cell signaling. Special anti-oxidation and endogenesis anti-oxidation were involved by novel research aspects of mechanism on oxidative stress.

  Studies on Reproductive Cycle of the Blood Clam (Tegillarca granosa Linnaeus.) in the Pond Culture of Yueqing 2012, 28 (35):  75-81.  Abstract + ( 869 )   PDF ( 990144KB )   ( 622 ) In order to study the effect of climate change on gonad development of the blood clam of Yueqing Bay. The reproductive cycle of the blood clam from the pond culture of Yueqing Bay was studied from March 2010 to February 2011 in relation to environmental factors. The results indicated that gonad development of the blood clam could be divided into five stages: (1) proliferating stage; (2) growing stage; (3) maturing stage; (4) spawning stage; (5) resting stage. Histological analysis indicated that the gametogenesis of the blood clam began in March when water temperature was 16.6℃. Most of the blood clam matured in June to July and a massive spawning occurred after July when the temperature and chlorophyll a concentration decreased gradually. The blood clam from the pond culture of Yueqing Bay was a kind of animal of gonochorism, the mean oocyte diameter showed significant differences among months. It increased from (8.87±2.4) μm in March, reached a maximum value of (48.47±9.51) μm in July, decreased sharply after spawning, and attained a minimum value of (18.57±2.77) μm in August. Temperature and available food played an important role in the gametogenesis of the blood clam. The relationship between the size of oocyte and reproductive cycle demonstrated that oocyte diameter was a good indicator for identifying the gonadal maturity of the blood clam.

  The Effect of Salinity on its Cold Tolerance of Oreochromis niloticus 2012, 28 (35):  82-86.  Abstract + ( 855 )   In order to improve the ability of cold resistance of Oreochromis niloticus, in this experiment, we did some researches on low-temperature tolerance of Nile tilapia under 0, 5, 12, 25‰ four salinity gradients with indoor aquarium farming methods. The results showed that, as for temperature, the mortality rate showed a trend of increased and then decreased as the temperature decreases, When the temperature reached at 9.1°C, the mortality rate reaches its maximum of 38.7%; in terms of salinity, salinity is 5 ‰ when mortality rate was the lowest, when the salinity increased to 25 ‰, means the highest mortality, according to Salinity, the survival time of 50% of individuals ranked as follows: 5‰＞12‰＞0‰＞25‰; Under different salinity gradients, the low-temperature tolerance of Nile tilapia has increased, when the temperature reached at 8℃-11℃, salinity 12 ‰, the mortality rate did not reach half of the total, when the temperature was below 8°C, the death rate rised sharply, they all died at 7℃; with statistical analysis, half of the lethal low temperature at the salinity of 12‰ was significantly lower than the other three groups. These results suggested that a certain degree of salinity could increase the low-temperature tolerance of Oreochromis niloticus.

  Observations on Microstructure and Ultrastructure of Small Intestine and Pancreas in Andrias davidianus 2012, 28 (35):  87-91.  Abstract + ( 863 )   PDF ( 3895633KB )   ( 594 ) The structures of small intestine and pancreas in Andrias davidianus were investigated by electron microscopy. The results were as follows: there was simple columnar epithelium on the intestinal mucosa, the epithelial cells of the intestine in Andrias davidianus bear many long and closely packed microvilli, and contain many mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticula and lysosome. There were many goblet cell in the intestinal mucosa, in which there were mucous particles, and many microvilli on the free surface. In the acinouscell of pancreas, there were many rough endoplasmic reticula, zymogen granule, mitochondria and ribosome. The electric density of zymogen granule was high, the shape of zymogen granule was rounded, and the diameter of zymogen granule was between 0.3 μm and 0.9 μm. The nucleus, in which there were many metachromatic, was big and long in the centroacinar cell of pancreas, whose cytoplasm was little. There were many microvilli on the surface of the centroacinar cell.

  Histological Observation on Skin of Salamandrella keyserlingii 2012, 28 (35):  92-95.  Abstract + ( 803 )   PDF ( 916893KB )   ( 792 ) To study the microstructure of skin of Salamandrella keyserlingii, using paraffin section and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results were as follows: the skin structures were basically the same as Salamandrella keyserlingii throughout the body, composed of epidermis and dermis. However, there were inter-position differences in skin thickness. The skin of the back was the thickest, the other of the abdomen was thinnest. Mucous and granular glands were rich in dermal, in the abdomen skin there were many mucous glands and in the dorsal skin there were many larger granular glands. Moreover, there were specialized mucous glands in dermal of the back. Dermal melanocytes shallowly scattered mainly in dermis. The capillaries which under the epidermis were found. The skin structure of Salamandrella keyserlingii indicated its adaption to live in the moisture areas.

  Studies on Acute Toxicity of Ammoniacal Nitrogen, Nitrite, and Nitrate for Pseudorasbora parva 2012, 28 (35):  96-101.  Abstract + ( 1096 )   PDF ( 585531KB )   ( 904 ) In order to provide reference for pseudorasbora parva artificial culture and as aquatic toxicology experimental material. The acute toxic effects of ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite, and nitrate on pseudorasbora parva were studied at temperature (12.7±1)℃ and dissolved oxygen 5.60-9.87 mg/L. The test results showed that the 24 h-LC50,, 48 h-LC50, 72 h-LC50 and 96 h-LC50 (95 % confidence interval) of non-ionic ammonia to P. parva were 0.435 mg/L (0.407-0.466 mg/L), 0.384 mg/L (0.35-0.417 mg/L), 0.371 mg/L (0.344-0.402 mg/L), 0.346 mg/L (0.316-0.383 mg/L), respectively. The safety concentration of non-ionic ammonia to P. parva was 0.0346 mg/L. The 24 h-LC50, 48 h-LC50, 72 h-LC50 and 96 h-LC50 (95 % confidence interval) of nitrite to P. parva were 422.862 mg/L (365.74-490.035 mg/L), 327.746 mg/L (276.875-394.054 mg/L), 266.291 mg/L (228.302-310.877 mg/L), 236.907 mg/L (200.488-281.108 mg/L), separately. The safety concentration of nitrite to P. parva was 23.6907 mg/L. The 24 h-LC50, 48h-LC50, 72 h-LC50 and 96 h-LC50 (95 % confidence interval) of nitrate to P. parva were 2.155 g/L (2.074-2.242 g/L), 1.929 g/L (1.864-1.999 g/L), 1.769 g/L (1.701-1.842 g/L), 1.663 g/L (1.577-1.780 g/L), respectively. The safety concentration of nitrate to P. parva was 0.1663 g/L. In three kinds of compound, the toxicity of non-ionic ammonia to P. parva was maximum, nitrite was the second smallest, and the toxicity of nitrate to P. parva was minimum.

  Analysis on Econometric Model of the Influencing factors of Aquatic Consumer Demand 2012, 28 (35):  102-106.  Abstract + ( 847 )   PDF ( 578090KB )   ( 912 ) In order to find out the degree of influence of each factors, this paper analyzed the influencing factors of the demand of aquatic products using qualitative method. This paper built up the double-logarithmic model, using the main factors which affected the demand of aquatic products, and then used Eviews to make quantitative analysis. The results showed that significantly influencing factors was the disposable income of residents and the price of the aquatic. The demand of aquatic products was positively correlated with disposable income of urban residents and negatively correlated with the price of aquatic products.

  Research on the Method of the Indicators System Construction Based on Planning of Modern Agricultural Demonstration Region 2012, 28 (35):  107-115.  Abstract + ( 899 )   PDF ( 712520KB )   ( 669 ) The planning index system is the core content of modern agriculture demonstration area planning. In order to carry out more scientific planning and evaluate planning, this paper lists eight categories of characteristics related to the development of modern agriculture planning indicators by a hierarchical classification method, and builds the basic framework of a modern agricultural demonstration zone index system, at the same time proposes basic methods of calculation and prediction of the planning target. Last by comparing indicators predictive value with reference value of the agricultural modern levels measured, it can judge the development level of various stages of modern agriculture demonstration area. The research showed that, a scientific and rational planning index system was not only conducive to smooth planning, but also ready to grasp the momentum and direction of the development of modern agriculture demonstration zones, continue to promote the sound and rapid development of regional modern agriculture.

  Effect of the Regional Tourism Economy on the Evolution of Scenic Spatial Structure——in Case Study of Jilin Province 2012, 28 (35):  116-122.  Abstract + ( 727 )   PDF ( 2230403KB )   ( 704 ) The spatial structure of tourist attractions is the projection in the geographical space of the tourism resources，that is an important indicator of the status and potential of regional tourism development. Using statistics and spatial analysis methods, this study analyzed evolution of the spatial structure of the A- level tourist scenic spot in Jilin Province, and impacts of the regional tourism by spatial structure evolution. The results show that tourist attractions characteristics with a large dispersion and a small concentration. Gather in the space increased, the gathering point increased; The tourist center of gravity of the total number and total revenue was southeast of Mobile Trend by the spatial structure of the scenic, but mobile trend is weakening after 2008.

  Discussion and Suggestions on the Compilation of the Supply Plan of State-owned Construction Land 2012, 28 (35):  123-127.  Abstract + ( 994 )   PDF ( 651956KB )   ( 958 ) The plan for the supply of state-owned construction land is a means of government's macro-economic control through land policy, which is of great importance. Based on the summarization of problems on the compilation and implementation of land supply plan before 2011, the paper introduces the improvements of new supply plan in 2011, namely, the integrity of the content, lateral comparability, the strengthening of land supply plan for housing, and the enhancement of the interdepartmental cooperation. Then, the paper points out flaws of the Supply Plan of State-owned Construction Lands in aspects such as the supply mode, the link with other plans, the supply scale, and the level of detail. To perfect the supply plan and ensure the seriousness of it, four suggestions are put forward in this paper, i.e., implementing supervision and appraisal, rationalizing the relationship with other plans, determining the adjustment threshold of the plan.

  The Research on Land Use Changes and the Driving Factor of Rapidly City Area——A Case of Chongqing Beibei District 2012, 28 (35):  128-133.  Abstract + ( 787 )   PDF ( 1718786KB )   ( 541 ) The fast city changes area land to use change research is one of the hotspots in the research of land. To study the fast city changes area land to use change and its driving factors, the rapid city area is divided into urban, suburban and industrial dominant area three parts, divided into 2 periods of time were studied the division land use change in 2002-2010, and analyzed the driving factors of land use change. The results showed that: land use change hot concentrated in urban areas and industrial dominant area. The area land uses variation amplitude in 2006-2010 significantly more than 2002-2006, the first time construction land increase 806.40 hectare, 3112.91 hectare for the second time. Farmland, forest land and other land mass reduction, construction land increased rapidly, for the two phases reduced occupy the total reducing area more than 85%. Economic development, external policy interference was the stimulation of main land use change factors. In the land use planning process and industrial land use analysis, scientific planning and implementation of improving the land use structure, protection of water bodies, woodland, farmland land, raise land utilization rate was the key factors for protecting farmland, woodland and other kinds.

  Farmland Assessment and Crop Planting Layout in Huizhou District Ma You-hua 2012, 28 (35):  134-138.  Abstract + ( 835 )   PDF ( 573103KB )   ( 712 ) Huizhou district of Huangshan city is famous of Huangshan Mao Feng tea and Huizhou chrysanthemum, which growth and quality are influenced by farmland grade levels and characteristics. The farmland fertility was divided into five grades according to farmland fertility assessment technique rules from the ministry of agriculture, China and the distribution and main characteristics of each grade were analyzed. Based on the results the farmland fertility of Huizhou district, the crop planting is divided into two area, the valley basin areas and hilly areas. Finally ,the crop planting developing direction in Huizhou district was suggested by analyzing the agricultural condition and characteristic of the farmland fertility.

  The Analysis of the Arable Fertility and the Potential of Grain Production in Yingdong Area of Fuyang City Ma You-hua 2012, 28 (35):  139-143.  Abstract + ( 1036 )   PDF ( 562463KB )   ( 967 ) In order to research the influence of the arable fertility and the potential of grain production in Yingdong area of Fuyang City. This paper analyzed the fertility status of different levels of arable and divided the arable fertility into 5 levels by using the results of the evaluation of arable fertility. The results indicated that the area of level 1 and level 2 of Yingdong area was 16876 hm2 and the area proportion was 41.04%. The soil nutrient content of these levels was above the average level and arable fertility level was higher. The arable fertility level of the arable in level 3 to 5 was lower and the area was larger, a total of 24248.2 hm2, accounting for 58.96% of the all arable area in Yingdong area of Fuyang City. As a results, the grain production of level 3 to 5 have a great capacity of increasing production. At the same time, the production practice showed that level 1 and level 2 still had certain capacity for increasing production. The measures of straw returned, scientific fertilization, proper crop rotation and land circulation, which could effectively improve the arable fertility and promote the grain production, the potential for grain production was great in Yingdong area.

  Research on the Relationship Between Chinese Agricultural Logistics and Agricultural Growth Based on the Statistical Data 2012, 28 (35):  144-147.  Abstract + ( 802 )   PDF ( 947281KB )   ( 648 ) Using statistical data of farm produce logistics and agricultural growth, this paper mainly researched into the correlativity, short and long relationship between the two variables. Furthermore, as an important theoretical foundation in relevant field, the paper aimed to explore and evaluate the present situation of farm produce logistics and agricultural development, and puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures. The conclusions of the research were: (1) the growth of farm produce logistics and the growth of agricultural GDP had a strong correlativity. (2) the growth of farm produce logistics and the growth of agricultural GDP had a long balance relationship. (3) the short-term changes of agricultural GDP are effected by two sides: the total amount of agricultural product logistics changes and the deviation that last period agricultural GDP from the long-term equilibrium.

  Make Suggestions on Solving These Problems in Present Development of China's Seed Industry 2012, 28 (35):  148-151.  Abstract + ( 895 )   PDF ( 540293KB )   ( 940 ) Development of China’s seed industry experienced two development stages of planned economy and market economy. After entering market economy, foreign multinational seed companies entered the Chinese market and brought a great pressure to the development of China’s seed industry. This article demonstrates present situation of the development of China’s seed industry in regards to development background of China’s seed industry, overview of seed industry market, overview of research, overview of seed companies and so on; indicates some problems present in the development of seed industry, such as inadequate innovative ability of science and technology, week foundation of research and development of science and technology, and difficult transformation of scientific and technological outcomes; and proposes that it is to enforce protection of intellectual property of seed industry, facilitating enterprise reasonable transition and resource allocation, strengthen personnel training.

  The Recommendations of the Review of National Science and Technology Awards Seed Industry Outcome Evaluations 2012, 28 (35):  152-154.  Abstract + ( 833 )   PDF ( 476647KB )   ( 560 ) The background of the State Council “To accelerate the development of modern crop seed industry” are: first, based on the rapid expansion of multinational seed companies in China, the troubled domestic seed industry; second, national seed industry less competitive domestic seed industry, to life and death; third, strengthen independent innovation and enhance the competitiveness of the national seed industry imperative. In recent years, the Chinese Society of Agronomy is closely around the construction of the needs of the development of modern seed industry in China, the seed industry 4th reviewers reward incentives and outcomes evaluation of scientific and technological achievements, the award-winning results of a total of 134, accounting for 32.1% of the total number of award-winning achievements. The recommended future in the National Science and Technology Prize, the establishment of an independent group of the outcome of the crop seed industry review, phased moderate to transfer the focus of the assessment of the outcome of the seed industry, the development of the evaluation criteria of the outcome of the special seed industry to play an important role of Agricultural Mouth Society of Association in the evaluation of the outcome of the seed industry.

  Review of the new rural area religious belief question studies 2012, 28 (35):  155-159.  Abstract + ( 870 )   PDF ( 581351KB )   ( 733 ) Abstract: after the reform and opening up, religious issues have been highlighted with the rural economic and social development. Comparing with the cult, folk belief, the thesis discussed connotation and characteristics of rural religious belief. Religious beliefs have both simulative and negative effect on new rural construction. The article elaborated the reasons and countermeasures as well. Through this review, the aim is to attract, let more people pay attention to the problem.

  Investigation and Research on Construction Achievement of Social Forces’ Participation in the Construction of New Rural Areas in Beijing 2012, 28 (35):  160-165.  Abstract + ( 779 )   PDF ( 563348KB )   ( 672 ) Social force is an important part in new rural construction. In order to figure down the construction achievement of social forces participate in the new rural construction and fill the research gap, this paper takes Beijing as an example. It was found that many kinds of social forces actively participated in the construction, which achieved both good social and economic benefits. Meanwhile, the government plays a significant role in promoting the construction and policy guidance. However, the construction contents and ways of cooperation were relatively simple. The construction projects were focus on the economic investment, but pay little attention on health care, culture and social welfare, some construction also had image project and destroyed the environment. In view of this, some suggestions such as making policy to encourage social forces in the process of new rural construction, guide public opinion and give the main body position of the farmer are given.

  Professional Title and Professional Qualification 2012, 28 (35):  166-169.  Abstract + ( 747 )   PDF ( 509646KB )   ( 636 ) In Chinese talent evaluation system, professional title system is a basic system of evaluation and management for professional talents, professional qualifications system is a important system building under the condition of socialist market economy. The article discussed the conception and connotation of professional title and professional qualification, and the development process of professional title system and professional qualifications system, analyzed the similarities and differences between professional title and professional qualification. The article proposed it was conducive to accelerating the construction of talents team by promoting the reformation and perfection of professional title system, such as, adjusting the series of evaluation, perfecting evaluation standard, establishing the social evaluation mechanism in professional title system, and promoting the legalization and standardization of professional qualification and so on.

  Effects of Different Wall Treatments on Thermal Insulation of Solar Greenhouse in Tianjin Area 2012, 28 (35):  170-179.  Abstract + ( 905 )   PDF ( 1586639KB )   ( 727 ) In order to choose reasonably materials and structures of the back wall of greenhouse, an experiment with a different configuration of the back wall of greenhouse simulation test was carried out from November 1, 2010 to March 6, 2011 in Xiqing District. There were 3 different thicknesses of walls and 3 different interior walls with brick which had 6 different kinds of treatments in simulation test. The results showed that: the back wall was heat source under different weather conditions. The mud wall which the thickness was 1.5 m could not guarantee the safety of the vegetable production. If the day was cold the temperature would be harmful for the vegetable. If it made the greenhouse obtain a higher temperature in winter and saved costs the back wall of greenhouse with 37 cm brick and 12 cm protection layer which was made with polystyrene foam board was the best choice.

  Design and Test of YS-YGQ-1A-type Cleaning Machine for Tobacco Stalk 2012, 28 (35):  180-185.  Abstract + ( 847 )   PDF ( 793066KB )   ( 722 ) In order to solve the problem of lower the labor intensity of manual removing tobacco stalk or incompletely removing tobacco stalk and root out field, to meet the demand of the coming year tobacco cultivation. Through theoretic analysis and experimental exploring, supporting DF-151 or GN-121 type walking tractor YS-YGQ-1A-type cleaning machine for tobacco stalk has been developed. This machine use the forward employment by riding ridge, pull up the stalk by the roots by means of reversely digging, transport the stalk to collecting-hoppers by transportation rotor and remove the adherent soil by vibration, then centralized the stalk dump on field. The performance test and experimental verification showed that this machine had relatively strong field passing capacity. Its various performance indicators were to meet the design requirements and meet the agronomic requirements of tobacco. Its operating efficiency was 0.91 hm2/8 h and also had a stable property, and could significantly increase productivity, significantly lower labor intensity and activity cost, and could reduce stalk pulling after tobacco field rotary tillage cost.

  The Change and Its Ecological Responses of Cultivated Land Intensive Use in Jiangsu Coastal District 2012, 28 (35):  186-191.  Abstract + ( 808 )   PDF ( 843937KB )   ( 533 ) Coastal area is not only the intense human activity area but also ecologically sensitive areas, the land use change and ecological environment research should be strengthened. In this study, the study of Jiangsu coastal area, based on intensive use of land and ecosystem service value assessment model, the election of 2000, 2005, 2010, for the time section, estimated 19 coastal counties and cities the level of intensive use of land and the value of ecosystem services, analyzed its temporal and spatial variations, of coastal land use and ecosystem service value of intensive dialectical relationship. The results showed that: of the 19 coastal counties and cities in Jiangsu during the period of intensive use of arable land was significantly improved, and its average value, respectively, 0.181, 0.251 and 0.372, spatial structure change significantly. The farmland ecosystem service value fluctuated, the average land value of ecosystem services were 1.68×109 yuan, 1.58×109 yuan, 1.55×109 yuan, the value of northern land services downward trend, the rise in south trends in land value of ecosystem services were scattered areas of grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ grade zone to expand, Ⅲ grade state trend of decreasing area. The coastal areas of intensive land use and ecological service value was significantly negatively related to the study period the correlation coefficients were -0.700, -0.662 and -0.682, the correlation coefficient gradient law significantly related to the economically developed areas in southern Jiangsu coefficient was greater than in northern regions, the correlation coefficient decreased in southern trend, the rise tends to northern.

  Fuzzy Mathematics-based Comprehensive Evaluation of Atmospheric Environmental Quality in Tangshan 2012, 28 (35):  192-196.  Abstract + ( 808 )   PDF ( 883060KB )   ( 702 ) In order to study the quality of atmospheric environment change in recent years in tangshan, understanding the atmospheric pollution of the environment factor, selecting SO2, NO2 and PM10 as evaluation factors, consulting the standards relevant to atmospheric environment and calculating the weight, distribution coefficients of weight, grade attachment of atmospheric pollution factor. The results of weight analysis indicated that the main pollution factor is PM10 in 2004 and SO2 in2005-2010. The results of comprehensive evaluation showed that atmospheric environment of Tangshan was mildly polluted (Grade Ⅱ), and it has been improved year after year.

  Quantitative Calculation and Analysis Eco-environmental Quality in Daqing City 2012, 28 (35):  197-203.  Abstract + ( 912 )   PDF ( 1678407KB )   ( 685 ) In order to understanding the ecological environmental quality of Daqing city, the eco-environmental quality indices of Daqing were calculated according to "Technical Criterion for Eco-environmental Status Evaluation", the ecological carrying capacity of Daqing were calculated by the comprehensive evaluation method based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results of eco-environmental indices calculated showed that, during the "11th five year" period, eco-environmental indices of different evaluation regions in Daqing showed no significant change, annual change amplitude was during -0.12 to 0.18, ecological environment was relatively stable. The results of ecological carrying capacity calculation showed that, the ecological system of Daqing city was steady, water resource is one of the most important factors that affecting the ecological resilience of evaluation region; the resources carrying capacity of Daqing were in higher position, in which the mineral resources carrying capacity was higher, water resources carrying capacity was lower; atmospheric environmental carrying capacity was higher, water environmental carrying capacity was lower. The current carrying capacity pressure (CCPS) of Daqing was less than 1, the region has some room for development.

  Study on Cultivated Land Potential of Land Consolidation in Guangping County, Hebei Province 2012, 28 (35):  204-207.  Abstract + ( 806 )   PDF ( 542323KB )   ( 684 ) In order to made the land consolidation planning and industrial, commercial and other construction land planning to meet the requirements of the regional dynamic balance of farmland, cultivated land potential of land consolidation was estimated through surveys and statistical methods in Guangping County. The results showed that: the order of cultivated land potential scale in different land consolidation types from large to small was followed by farmland consolidation, rural residential land consolidation, land development and land reclamation; type zone of land consolidation could be divided into the comprehensive consolidation areas of farmland and rural settlements, cultivated land consolidation and development zone, and cultivated land consolidation to take into account the village renovation area from the view of the region differentiation of the potential sources combination. The main conclusions were: firstly, integrated consolidation of rural-urban land in Guangping Town and development projects of sandy wasteland in Dongzhangmeng Town should be arranged preferentially; secondly, farmland and rural residential consolidation should be arranged in temperate scales in other towns; thirdly, policies should be developed to encourage the village collective and farmers to carry out land reclamation autonomously without having to arrange reclamation projects.

  Response of Soil Nitrogen to Different Grazing in Stipa breviflora Desert Steppe 2012, 28 (35):  208-214.  Abstract + ( 800 )   PDF ( 825220KB )   ( 601 ) In order to identify the response of soil nitrogen to different grazing systems in Stipa breviflora desert steppe, continuous grazing (CG), banning grazing (BG), deferred grazing for 40 days (DG1), deferred grazing for 50 days (DG2), deferred grazing for 60 days (DG3) were chosen as different treatments, and the distribution of soil total nitrogen and available nitrogen content in different treatments and vertical distribution in each treatment were analyzed. The results were as follows: the soil total nitrogen content was lowest in CG treatment, the layers of content mean 0.76 g/kg. While available nitrogen content was higher in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layer compared with the other treatments, its contents were 87.41 mg/kg and 131 mg/kg. The available nitrogen in BG area was lower in 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm soil layer, the content 56.82 mg/kg and 51.59 mg/kg. As the vertical distribution, the soil total nitrogen was higher in 0-10 cm and 30-40 cm soil layers, average content were 1.33 g/kg and 1.09 g/kg. The available nitrogen was higher in 10-20 cm layer, each treatment area average 91.86 mg/kg. Deferred grazing was more prone to keep grassland soil nitrogen stable compared to continuous grazing.

  Spatial Variability Analysis of Typical Farmland Trace Elements in the Dongting Lake Area 2012, 28 (35):  215-220.  Abstract + ( 827 )   PDF ( 1399547KB )   ( 699 ) In order to study on the law of spatial variability of the farmland trace elements in Dongting Lake area, the spatial variability of five kinds of trace elements of the cultivated soil arable layer in Dongting Lake area (Yuanjiang City) was studied by using on geo-statistics and GIS technology. The results were as follows: the contents of the five trace elements (B, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn) accorded with normal distribution, but the difference in the ranges of the five elements was large between 1.13 km and 25.58 km. The content distribution of the two elements (Mn, Fe) accorded with an index model and the content distribution of the other three elements (Zn, Cu and B) accorded with a spherical model. The spatial correlation of the element (Mn) was subjected to a smaller man-made factor. On the contrary, the other three elements (B, Cu, and Zn) were suffered from a greater human impact. The general trend of the contents of Cu and Fe were gradually decreased from the northeast to the southwest and they were the highest in the middle part of the study area. The general trends of the content of Zn and the content of B were respectively gradually decreased from the west to the east and the southwest to the northeast in the study area. It was suitable for Yuanjiang City to develop superior agricultural products industry for the reasons that the trace elements were enrichment, the quality of the soil was good and there was no major contaminated area.

  Salinity Characteristics of Soil and Correlation of Saline-alkali Soil in Ningxia Irrigation District 2012, 28 (35):  221-225.  Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 569533KB )   ( 654 ) Soil salinization is one of the main problems for agricultural development in Ningxia irrigation district. In order to ascertain the main salt ions causing soil saline-alkali damage, and to provide scientific evidence for improving saline-alkali land, correlations between soil salinity and salt ions of different types of saline-alkali soil in Ningxia irrigation district were studied by the methods of correlation and principle component analysis. The results showed that, there were significant positive correlation between salt content of the saline soil and other salt ions except HCO3-. Whether saline soil or alkali soil, there were extremely significant positive correlation between total soil salt content and SO42-, Cl-, Na+, respectively. There were significant positive correlations among Na+ and Cl-, SO42- with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.80. Soil alkalinity of the alkali soil and pH showed an extremely significantly positive correlation with CO32- content. The principal component analysis results showed that, Na+, SO42- and Cl- contents were Eigen factors of soil salinization condition of the study area, and Cl-, SO42-, Na+ and CO32- contents were Eigen factors of soil alkalization condition of the study area. In order to eliminate soil salinization and basification of the study area, it should focus on eliminating these harmful salt ions contents such as Cl-, SO42-, Na+ and CO32-.

  Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil-vegetable at Mining Areas in Hunan Province 2012, 28 (35):  226-232.  Abstract + ( 752 )   PDF ( 705408KB )   ( 724 ) In order to study the heavy metal pollution situation in a Hunan industrial and mining area, the regional soil and leafy vegetable samples were collected, and the Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu heavy metal element contents were analyzed. The results showed that, Cd, Pb, Zn pollution was serious in the soil, the contents were far higher than soil environment quality standard (GB15618-1995), Cu content did not reach the basic pollution level. For different parts of the composite pollution index of rape and cabbage, from high to low order was: cabbage root > cabbage leaves > rape leaves > cabbage stems > rape roots > rape stems, and the enrichment ability of rape and cabbage of each part from large to small was: cabbage leaves > cabbage stems > rape stems > rape leaves > rape roots > cabbage roots, which showed that in the region, heavy metal pollution in the leafy vegetables came not only from the soil but also from smelting waste gases. It was suggested that, when treating smelting wastewater, the waste gas treatment of smelting enterprises should be emphasized as well, so as to achieve better effects on pollution prevention and control.

  A preliminary Study on the Complexity Feature of Heavy Metals’ Statistical Distribution in Beijing Cultivated Soil 2012, 28 (35):  233-238.  Abstract + ( 774 )   PDF ( 2223810KB )   ( 663 ) In order to thoroughly investigate the spatial distribution of heavy metals, the methods of frequency distribution, bimodal fitting and separation were used to study the characteristics of statistical distribution of heavy metals in Beijing cultivated soil. It was demonstrated that, Cu, As, Cd and Pb were bimodal distribution. Double Gaussion Function could be used to fit the empirical distribution well after log-transformation, suggesting the presence of two independent log-normally distributed populations for Cu, As, Cd, and Pb. The geopmetric means of the two populations were (23.35±6.39) mg/kg and (95.84±38.73) mg/kg for Cu, (9.35±2.20) mg/kg and (23.67±6.16) mg/kg for As, (0.1208±0.0334) mg/kg and (0.3548±0.2344) mg/kg for Cd, (20.07±6.07) mg/kg and (82.55±39.33) mg/kg for Pb, respectively. The four heavy metals all could be divided into low value group and high value group. Heavy metals showed obvious bimodal distribution, the reason could be explained from a statistical point and may be complicated based on the spatial distribution of the two groups.

  Prevention and Monitoring of Secondary Deicing Salt Soil at Tian’anmen 2012, 28 (35):  239-243.  Abstract + ( 841 )   PDF ( 626858KB )   ( 641 ) In order to reduce the pollution caused by chlorine deicing salt on the ecological environment, and save the costs of soil remediation and repair, prevention and control of soil was carried out with a kind of adsorbed layer of deicing salt adsorption, which was made up of adsorption materials, such as sepiolite cashmere, zeolite and humus, aiming at the Tian’anmen Square in Pinus tabulaeformis planting soil secondary salinity problems of deicing salt. The laying of adsorption layer and soil were sampled and analyzed. The results showed that, the adsorption layer would absorb Na+, Cl- from the deicing salt effectively, which also had an obviously buffer action on pH, EC value of soil. However, a maximum adsorption capacity might exist when Cl- was absorbed. The follow-up soil monitoring showed that, pedestrians and traffic on Tiananmen Square and other factors had certain effect on soil EC value. The adsorption layer would absorb the inorganic salt ion composition in the chlorine deicing salt, and it would effectively prevent the secondary salt damage caused by the chlorine deicing salt on Pinus tabulaeformis planting soil, to change the pollution situation within a certain range.

  The Analysis of Environmental Impacts of Chemical Fertilizer in Tarim River Rasin 2012, 28 (35):  244-250.  Abstract + ( 763 )   PDF ( 924162KB )   ( 674 ) For a long time, fertilizer has become an important material in the promotion of crop yields. However, influenced by the technology, method and time of fertilization, a large part of chemical fertilizer untapped and lost into the surrounding environment, and the higher amounts the chemical fertilizer, the bigger the quantities of the loss to the environment, and also the higher the harm to the ecological environment. Based on the analysis of applied strength and density of chemical fertilizer in the Tarim River basin , this chapter analyses the soil, the water and the air pollution which resulted from the runoff of chemical fertilizer. So as to bring the attention and take measures to reduce the pollution of chemical fertilizer, this paper also researches the relationship between the negative environmental impacts induced by fertilizer inputs and the growth of agricultural production by introduced into the environmental Kuznets curve from the empirical term.

  The Characteristics of Frost, Snow and Low-temperature Disasters and Wavelet Analysis of Shanxi Plateau from 1949 to 2000 2012, 28 (35):  251-256.  Abstract + ( 681 )   PDF ( 1487533KB )   ( 492 ) Frost, snow and low-temperature disasters may occur throughout the year in Shanxi plateau, they have significant impacts on industrial and agricultural production, transportation and people’s lives, and even cause serious losses. In order to prevent and mitigate such disasters, it was needed to in-depth study their characteristics and regularity. Through collecting, reorganizing and analyzing the data about Shanxi from 1949 to 2000, the article studies the grade series, stage changes, different grades’ periodicity and reason of the frost, snow and low-temperature disasters. The statistical results showed that the disasters had 374 times, they might be divided into mild，moderate and severe disaster, and their occurrence probabilities were 16.8%, 61.0% and 22.2%. The disasters could be divided into 4 stages. The first stage was from 1949 to 1956, the second stage was from 1957 to 1975, the third stage was from 1976 to 1995 and the forth stage was from 1996 to 2000. The first and third stages were that the disasters happen frequently, and most of them were moderate and severe disasters. The second and forth stages were that the disasters happen occasionally, and most of them were mild and moderate disasters. According to wavelets analysis, it was known that there were mainly periods of 2-3 a, 5-8 a and 15-20 a. The main reason causing the disasters was that the temperature suddenly decreased below 0℃, the temperature changes ranges were -25.6℃--0.8℃.

  The Influence of Terrain Factors on Vegetation Index in Sushui River Basin 2012, 28 (35):  257-263.  Abstract + ( 936 )   PDF ( 1767466KB )   ( 566 ) The change of vegetation coverage indicates the regional ecological environment and terrain factors as key factors of natural environment is important to basin’s vegetation coverage. Therefore, the influence of basin’s terrain factor on change of vegetation index provides scientific data for environmental and scientific management, protection and sustainable utilization. Based on TM remote sensing and ASTER GDEM, this paper presented the vegetation index varies with elevation, slope, aspect, terrain factors etc. in Shanxi Sushui River. The results showed that, low mountains with lower index than in plains, hills and high-middle mountains were transitional areas form agricultural vegetation to natural vegetation. Water and soil conservation was taken as priority. It was lowest index in slope areas 5°-10° which were mainly agricultural areas with frequent human activities and poor crops growing. Comprehensive improvement of land should be strengthened. The influence of aspect on vegetation index was significant and southern slope index was lowest, then southeast and southwest index. In northern, northwest and northeast slope, index was relatively high reflecting vegetation cover by aspect in studied field.

  The Research Process of Chemistry Precipitation Method in Phosphorus Removal in Wastewater 2012, 28 (35):  264-268.  Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 560502KB )   ( 947 ) Nowadays, water body eutrophication is very seriously in china and the world. More and more attention has been paid to water body eutrophication and the treatment on water body eutrophication is strengthened gradually simultaneously. Therefore, the requirement on the restriction of the phosphorus concentration in waste effluent will be more and more strict. Chemistry precipitation method has lots of advantages in phosphorus removal effect and fund input. So the application perspective of chemistry precipitation method in phosphorus removal is very great. In order to promote the development of the research on the chemistry precipitation method of phosphorus removal, the principle of chemistry precipitation method in phosphorus removal, the species of chemical precipitation agent and its research process, the influence factors of chemistry precipitation method and the research process of the combined method of chemistry and biology in phosphorus removal were reviewed, and the application perspective of chemistry precipitation method in phosphorus removal was looked into, the shortcomings and development trends of chemistry precipitation method were pointed out simultaneously.

  Characteristics of Variation of Beginning Period of the Spring Rainy Season in Northeast Area of China 2012, 28 (35):  269-274.  Abstract + ( 938 )   PDF ( 1255476KB )   ( 687 ) In order to analyze the characteristics of variation of beginning period of the spring rainy season in northeast area of China, reveal the main factors of affecting the beginning of period, and elaborate the mechanism between them. Based on the precipitation data of ground station and sst (sea surface temperature) data over 1959-2008 years in northeast China, the author gave the standards and promote features of the beginning period of the rainy season in northeast China, and the temporal and spatial distribution was analyzed. The results showed that the average date of the rainy season began in late May, advancing from the southeast to the northwest, and there was a significant inverse relationship with precipitation in the northeast in May; beginning period of the rainy season in northeast China had significant inter-annual change, there were quasi-2-3 years inter-annual oscillations and 32-34 years decadal cycle characteristics; mainly in the region the same type, northeast and southwest reverse type, the southeast to the northwest showed ‘-+-’ characteristics of the spatial distribution. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the beginning period of the rainy season in northeast China’s and the sst of early December to April in China’s eastern.

  The Multi-time-scale Characteristics of Different Level Precipitation Days in Lishui 2012, 28 (35):  275-279.  Abstract + ( 934 )   PDF ( 822431KB )   ( 760 ) In order to understand the different level precipitation days and better services for agricultural production, according to the daily precipitation data from 1953 to 2011 in Lishui, and based on the study of annual and monthly trend of different levels of precipitation events, the author used Mann-Kendall test to study the time-frequency characteristics and abrupt change of significant precipitation events, in order to further explore the multi-time-scale characteristics of different level precipitation days in Lishui. The results showed: the total precipitation days had a significant decreasing trend at -3.70 d/10 a in Lishui over the past 59 years, and the light rain days accounted for 72.6% of total precipitation days, and its decreasing trend passed the 99% significance test. At the same time, torrential rain days had increased slowly, and the other levels of precipitation days showed a decreasing trend, but not obvious. The results of Mann-Kendall test showed that the precipitation days increased at first, and then decreased, its abrupt change occurred in 2002.

  Variation of Drought Disaster Characteristic and Its Risk Assessment on Summer and Autumn Grain Crops in Recent 50 Years in Tianshui 2012, 28 (35):  280-285.  Abstract + ( 820 )   PDF ( 605681KB )   ( 582 ) The grain crops was seriously influenced by drought disaster in Tianhusi. Based on the precipitation data from 1961 to 2010 in seven weather stations which located in Tianshui and grain yield from 2001 to 2010 in seven counties, the model of drought risk index for assessing drought disaster had been set up and the drought risk of wheat and maize had been analyzed. The results showed that the light drought appeared 7.09 times a year, the middle drought appeared 2.52 times a year, heavy drought appeared 0.5 times a year and the heaviest drought appeared 0.25 times a year. The frequency of drought was higher in spring, next in early summer and hot summer, lower in early autumn. The light, heavy and the heaviest drought occurred frequently in the north of Wei river and middle drought appeared frequently in the basin of Xi and Wei river. The light and middle drought risk indexes were higher and heavy and the heaviest drought risk indexes were lower for wheat. The light drought risk index of maize was higher and followed by middle drought. The heavy and the heaviest drought had little effect for growth of maize. The drought risk index of wheat was higher in spring and that of maize was higher in early autumn. The drought risk index of wheat was higher in the whole growth period in the north of Wei river and drought risk index of maize was higher in the whole growth period in basin of Xi and Wei river, Qian and Qingshui counties. The drought risk index of wheat was higher than that of maize and the autumn crops had advantages of climate resource compared with summer crops in Tianshui.

  The Analysis of Evaporation Characteristics of Western Liaoning Arid Area 2012, 28 (35):  286-290.  Abstract + ( 791 )   PDF ( 666471KB )   ( 618 ) In order to provide the scientific basis and background of climate change to the rational development of water resources use, the author analyzed the trends and impacts of evaporation of main climate factors in Chaoyang by using linear correlation analysis method and meteorological data during nearly 58 years were used. The result showed that: the trends in evaporation were significant decreased, the annual evaporation rate was -110.54 mm/10 a and the evaporation decreased 641 mm during 58 years. The climate change evaporation rates in spring, summer and autumn were -45.92 mm/10 a, -47.98 mm/10 a and -14.76 mm/10 a, respectively. And the evaporation decreased in spring, summer and autumn were 266 mm, 278 mm and 86 mm, respectively. The changes in winter were shown a slight decreased trend. The change of evapotranspiration was affected by many factors, such as diumal temperature range, sunshine duration, wind speed, relative humidity, vaporpressure and minimum temperature. The thermodynamic factors of sunshine hours, diurnal temperature and minimum temperature were closely correlated with wind speed and evaporation.

  Research of Correlation Between Lightning Day and Thunderstorm Day in Chongqing 2012, 28 (35):  291-296.  Abstract + ( 815 )   PDF ( 666231KB )   ( 554 ) In order to have the better application of lightning day parameters of automatic monitoring data from lightning position system, the data of lightning day and thunderstorm day of 13 national climatological stations was studied based on the data of thunderstorm day and automatic monitoring system. The results showed that: (1) there were significant differences between average thunderstorm day and average lightning day in ratio in these stations. Generally, the thunderstorm day number was less than that of lightning day and positive correlation. The proportion had the close relation to the area and topography environment. (2) There were significant differences in observation radius of different lightning days, and the number value of the radius are all less than 10 km, which objectively showed the nonhomogeneity of the lightning activity, and the sensitivity of equipment was better than that of human hearing and vision. The earshot of the observer to the lightning was less than 10 km. (3) The observation radius in main cities was the least, which caused by the combined action of the buildings around the observatory obstacles, environmental noise and air visibility changes. (4) There was obvious relationship between observation radius of lightning day and topography. The observation radius in main cities was less, and in northeast and southeast was bigger. Totally, the data from equipment was continuous and comparability in the similar area.

  Safe production and quality traceability system for agricultural products based on TD-SCDMA 2012, 28 (35):  297-302.  Abstract + ( 863 )   PDF ( 2079457KB )   ( 595 ) Most traditional quality safety traceability system for agricultural products systems are based on PC, It is not convenient. Development of the 3rd-generation technology makes it possible to translate multimedia. A safe production and quality traceability system for agricultural products based on TD-SCDMA has been constructed. Based on .NET platform , adopting 3G technology, database technology, product coding technology, it achieves center management based on PC, production management based on PC of company, real-time information collection and transmission based on TD-SCDMA, statistical analysis, barcode’s generation printing and traceability function based on 3G in consumer. The main operation management and traceability platform of consumer are all based on TD-SCDMA phone, so it’s convenient and handy.

  Ortho-rectification of QuickBird Image Based on Erdas9.2 2012, 28 (35):  303-306.  Abstract + ( 1057 )   PDF ( 949636KB )   ( 773 ) In order to improve the geometric accuracy of DOM, to provide accurate information on the work of land survey, land change, land monitoring. On the practice of remote sensing monitoring of land use, the author summarized the geometric correction method, procedure and the technical difficulties during rectification of QuickBird by using Erdas9.2. This study had shown that using Erdas software to rectify QuickBird image was ideal.

  Feasibility and Prospect of a Three-dimensional-effect Image Derived from the Common Optical Microscopy 2012, 28 (35):  307-310.  Abstract + ( 1440 )   PDF ( 1210630KB )   ( 635 ) When paraffin sections of young roots were observed by a common optical microscope, the obtained images were lack of three-dimensional effect. The paper gave a method to obtain a three-dimensional-effect image of the endodermis and Casparian strip in Lens culinaris. Using paraffin section technique and a common optical microscope, the digital photos of the endodermis and Casparian strip in L. culinaris were taken, and then the three-dimensional-effect anatomical images were obtained from the two-dimensional images through optical information analysis with word software. After optical information of two-dimensional images of the endodermis and Casparian strip in L. culinaris was analyzed, the three-dimensional-effect images were obtained. These images were similar to SEM micrographs. In the images the structures of the endodermis and Casparian strip were very clear, and the so-called Casparian strip was not the true structure, which was formed by the dehydrated protoplasts of the endodermis in the process of paraffin sections. The imaging light and its digital photos of a common optical microscope contained a large amount of optical information about three-dimensional structures and chemical compositions etc. of the imaging objects, and the information has not been able to make a thorough analysis so far.

  The Evaluation on Rural Tourism Service Quality——A Case Study of Changsha City 2012, 28 (35):  311-316.  Abstract + ( 990 )   PDF ( 1243138KB )   ( 706 ) In order to assess the current situation of rural tourism service quality and improve its service, this paper, takes the surronding area of Changsha city as an example, built its evaluation mode, weighted every index with analytic hierarchy process, and assessen its whole level by using fuzzy synthetic evuluation model. It shows its service quality is still to be improved, especially the service on traffic and community supprot. Based on this, this paper put forward some relevant countermeasures.