Abstract: In order to quantitative analyze the effects on the ecological environment from the change of industrial structure, and reflect the relationship between the economic activity and the ecological environment. From 2006 to 2010, the ecological influence effect of industrial structure in Changde City of Hunan Province was analyzed and evaluated by using RCIIISNE and material analysis. The results were as follows: (1) the industrial structure had significant effects on the quality of the ecological environment, the low and imperfect industrial structure easily destroyed the ecological environment. (2) The RCIIISNE of industrial structure appeared up-trend constantly, and direct correlation with GDP, the ecological influence interference of industrial structure was in moderate. The RCIIISNE of different region appeared fluctuation, but their ranges were not obvious, and keep between 2.5 and 3.5, but the special differences of different region were obvious. (3) The industrial structure had a different impact on the RCIIISNE, the second industry was badly. The structural features had a adverse impact on the RCIIISNE, which was successively composed of agriculture, animal husbandry, fishery and forestry in the first industry. The greatest adverse impacts on the RCIIISNE were heavy industry and light industry.