Abstract: In order to apply NPK fertilizer scientifically for grapes under the condition of water saving irrigation, improve the utilization rate of fertilizer and protect the vineyard ecological environment at the same time, though the vineyard at different time in gobi drops of fat soil hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium migration distribution and soil NPK nutrients at different stages of time and space distribution were studied. The results showed that: the grape drops of nitrogen fertilizer gobi surface soil 0-20 cm after hydrolysis sex changed in small, effective phosphorus content change was bigger, rapidly-available potassium content change somewhere in between, 0-80 cm soil layer gobi desert soil hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium content in the surface of the distribution characteristics of vertical downward, respectively, N was 40-60 cm>20-40 cm>0-20 cm>60-80 cm; P was 0-20 cm>20-40 cm>40-60 cm>60-80 cm. K was 20-40 cm>40-60 cm>10-20 cm>60-80 cm. Gobi soil nutrient characteristics vary with growth period was hydrolyzed nitrogen from before flower to decrease after fruit harvest in a straight line. Effective phosphorus from before flower to increasing fruit after harvest in a straight line; Rapidly-available potassium from before flower to first drop later trend after the fruit harvest, the fruit enlargement period after a slow decline.