Abstract: To study the relationship between the rural residential land consolidation potential and their landscape features, the paper took Linxia County land use data in 2012 as a foundation to estimate the realized potential of rural residential land consolidation of every administrative village in Nanyuan Town, and used the landscape ecology method to calculate the residential shape, scale and distribution of rural settlements in these directions separately. Then the study introduced comprehensive landscape characteristic index on the basic (base) of the contribution rate of each landscape index that used PCA(principal component analysis) and discussed the relationship between the potential of the rural residential areas and the comprehensive landscape characteristic index in rural residential type scale. The research showed that: (1) the potential of rural residential land consolidation affected by the factors such as nature, society and economy, the realized potential was only half of theoretical potential. (2) There was a big difference between the distribution of plaque in villages in Nanyuan Township because of being affected by topography, comprehensive landscape characteristic value fully reflect the impact on the overall pattern of landscape index. (3) There was a strong correlation between comprehensive landscape characteristic value and the realized potential, that is, the higher the comprehensive landscape characteristic value was, the more regular that rural plaques was, and the smaller potentiality was. Taking an example of Jiangjiazhai Village, the comprehensive landscape characteristic value was up to 1.409, but the realized potential was only 2.23 hm².