Abstract: The research aims to carry out an in- depth study of the impact of agricultural science and technology progress on agricultural economic growth in China's grain producing regions, reveal the mechanism of action of agricultural science and technology in agricultural economic growth, and explore the regional differences of the influence of agricultural science and technology progress on economic growth of agriculture and its causes. Based on the general form of the C-D production function, the author established a fixed effect varying parameter panel data analysis model. According to the model, the contribution rate of agricultural scientific and technological progress in China's major grain producing areas were calculated and analyzed in detail. Studies showed that：there were significant regional differences in the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress in China's grain producing regions，reflecting the level of development of agricultural science and technology in China had an uneven regional status. From 1978 to 2012, the contribution rates of agricultural scientific and technological progress in the country's 13 grain producing's regions were between 17.28%-33.82%, and the average level was 26.22%. Investment in production factors, the level of scientific and technological content of the capital stock had great impact on the contribution rate of agricultural scientific and technological progress. The role of scientific and technological progress of agriculture in the process of economic growth in was still relatively small, agricultural economic growth in China relied on traditional high input, high consumption, low output, low efficiency of the extensive growth mode and no fundamental change occurred.