Abstract: The investigation, collection and arrangement of agricultural biological resources and traditional knowledge related to work and life of the Hani national minority were carried out in 23 villages distributed in 18 townships in Yuanyang, Jinping, Yuanjiang, Jiangcheng, Menghai, Jinggu, Menglian, Lancang counties, Yunnan Province in 2007-2008. The survey collected accessions of 299 agricultural biological resources. They were distributed into food crops, herbs, vegetables, fruit trees and oil crops according to the utility, accouted for 48.2%, 21.7%, 18.4%, 7.7% and 2.0% of collected samples respectively. Survey also found that the rural social economy of Hani National Minority depended mainly on the planting and breeding. So the agro-bioresources were most basic production material for sustaining the Hani National Minority rural social development. In this paper, the current situation of local agricultural biological resources, the reasons for the growth and decline of collected resources were analyzed. The utilization protection and development of the agricultural biological resources were discussed.