A Review of Impacts of Drought on Agro-ecosystem

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0295

Abstract

Abstract: The author reviewed recent progress to understand the impacts of drought on agricultural ecosystems. The impacts of drought on accumulation and distribution of dry matter could be mainly well analyzed from cell to individual crop based on field experiments. Drought could significantly reduce the efficiency of photosynthesis through decreasing the stomatal conductance and the activity of enzyme. In the early stages of crop growing season, drought could properly increase the dry matter that transferred to root and improve water use efficiency, while in the middle and late stages, drought could directly affect above-ground biomass synthesis and reduce the crop yield. However, drought was a regional disaster which could last for a long time and affect various types of crop. The field observation was costly in time and resource, and the remote sensing could not reflect the impacts of drought on different types of crop. Along with the development of simulation technology, crop growth model based on the field observation could be effectively used for regional analysis. It could also accurately reflect the impacts of drought on different crops through different crop parameters. Crop growth model has become an important tool to carry out the impacts of drought on agricultural ecosystems.

References

[1] 高志强,周清明.农业生态系统的耗散结构特征探析[J].农业现代化研究,2009,30(4):471-474.
[2] 张杰,潘晓玲,高志强,等.干旱生态系统净初级生产力估算及变化探测[J].地理学报,2006,61(1):15-25.
[3] Goudriaan J, Groot J J R, Uithol P W J. Productivity of Agroecosystems[M].J. Roy,et al.,Terrestrial global productivity San Diego: Academic Press,2001:301-313.
[4] 李洁,宁大同,程红光,等.基于 3S 技术的干旱灾害评估研究进展[J].中国农业气象,2005,26(1):49-52.
[5] Chartzoulakis K, Psarras G. Global change effects on crop photosynthesis and production in Mediterranean: the case of Crete, Greece[J].Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2005,106:147- 157.
[6] Allen C D, Macalady A K, Chenchouni H, et al. A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2010, 259:660-684.
[7] 田汉勤,徐小锋,宋霞.干旱对陆地生态系统生产力的影响[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(2):231-241.
[8] Xiao J F, Zhuang Q L, Liang E Y, et al. Twentieth-century droughts and their impacts on terrestrial carbon cycling in China[J].Earth Interactions,2009,13:1-31.
[9] Sadras V O, Milroy S P. Soil-water thresholds for the responses of leaf expansion and gas exchange: A review[J].Field crops research, 1996,47:253-266.
[10] Law B E, Falge E, Gu L, et al. Environmental controls over carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange of terrestrial vegetation[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2002,113:97-120.
[11] Krishnan P, Black B T T A, Grant N J, et al. Impact of changing soil moisture distribution on net ecosystem productivity of a boreal aspen forest during and following drought[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2006,139:208-223.
[12] 肖国举,张强,王静.全球气候变化对农业生态系统的影响研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(8):1877-1885.
[13] Nepstand D, Lefebvre P, Sliva U L D, et al. Amazon drought and its implications for forest flammability and tree growth: a basin-wide analysis[J].Global Change Biology,2004,10(5):704-717.
[14] Belanger G, Gastal F, Lemaire G. Growth analysis of a tall fescue sward fertilized with different rate of nitrogen[J].Crop Science,1992, 32:1371-1376.
[15] Shen Y K, Xu D Q. Photo synthetic efficiency and crop yield[M]. Pessarakli M. plant and crop stress: CRC Press,2002.
[16] 云建英,杨甲定,赵哈林.干旱和高温对植物光合作用的影响机制研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(3):641-648.
[17] 迈克尔阿拉贝.危险的天气：干旱[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,2006:116-119.
[18] 毕建杰,刘建栋,叶宝兴,等.干旱胁迫对夏玉米叶片光合及叶绿素荧光的影响[J].气象与环境科学,2008,31(1):10-15.
[19] Torrecillas A, Guillaume C, Alarcon J J, et al. Water relations of two tomato species under water stress and recovery[J].Plant Science, 1995,105(2):169-176.
[20] Mahajan S, Tuteja N. Cold, salinity and drought stresses: An overview[J].Archives of biochemistry and biophysics,2005,444(2): 139-158.
[21] 杨帆,苗灵凤,胥晓,等.植物对干旱胁迫的响应研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2007,13(4):586-591.
[22] Lawlor D W, Cornic G. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants [J].Plant, cell & environment,2002,25(2):275-294.
[23] 张其德.干旱胁迫对光合作用的影响[J].植物杂志,1997(3):30-32.
[24] Lack A J, Evans D E. Instant notes in plant biology[M].Oxford BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd,2001.
[25] Bota J, Medrano H, Flexas J. Is photosysthesis limited by decrease Rubisco activity and RuBP content under progressive water stress [J].New Phytol,2004,162:671-681
[26] 杨国虎,李建生,罗湘宁,等.干旱条件下玉米叶面积变化及地上干物质积累与分配的研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版, 2005,33(5):27-32.
[27] 李博,王刚卫,田晓莉,等.不同干旱方式和干旱程度对玉米苗期根系生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(5):148-152.
[28] 齐健,宋凤斌,刘胜群.苗期玉米根叶对干旱胁迫的生理响应[J].生态环境,2006,15(6):1264-1268.
[29] 韩希英,宋凤斌.干旱胁迫对玉米根系生长及根际养分的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(3):170-172.
[30] 高世斌,冯质雷,李晚忱,等.干旱胁迫下玉米根系性状和产量的QTLs分析[J].作物学报,2005,31(6):718-722.
[31] 胡继超,姜东,曹卫星,等.短期干旱对水稻叶水势、光合作用及干物质分配的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(1):63-67.
[32] Zhang H, Wang X, You M, et al. Water-Yield relations and wateruse efficiency of winter wheat in the North China Plain[J].Irrigation Science,1999,19:37-45.
[33] 马新明,熊淑萍,李琳,等.土壤水分对不同专用小麦后期光合特性及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(1):83-87.
[34] 赵鸿,李凤民,熊友才,等.土壤干旱对作物生长过程和产量影响的研究进展[J].干旱气象,2008,26(3):67-71.
[35] 王石立.冬小麦生长模式及其在干旱影响评估中的应用[J].应用气象学报,1998,9(1):15-23.
[36] Igbadun H E, Tarimo A K P R, Salim B A, et al. Evaluation of selected crop water production functions for an irrigated maize crop [J].Agricultural Water Management,2007,94:1-10.
[37] 白莉萍,隋方功,孙朝晖,等.土壤水分胁迫对玉米形态发育及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2004,24(7):1556-1560
[38] 陶世蓉,东先旺,张海燕,等.土壤水分胁迫对夏玉米植株性状整齐度的影响[J].西北植物学报,2000,20(5):812-817.
[39] 高素华,刘玲.低温、干旱胁迫对抽雄期玉米叶片光化效率和光合作用速率的影响[J].气象,2007,23(4):88-91.
[40] Huth N H, Carberry P S, Cocks B. Managing drought risk in eucalypt seedling establishment: An analysis using experiment and model[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2008, 255:3307-3317.
[41] 王宗明,梁银丽.应用 EPIC模型计算黄土塬区作物生产潜力的初步尝试[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(4):481-487.
[42] Lal M, Singh K K, Rathore L S, et al. Vulnerability of rice and wheat yields in NW India to future changes in climate[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1998, 89:101-114.
[43] O'Neal M R, Frankenberger J R, Ess D R. Use of CERES-Maize to Study effect of spatial precipitation variability on yield[J]. Agricultural Systems,2002,73:205-225.
[44] 宋艳玲,董文杰.1961—2000年干旱对我国冬小麦产量的影响[J].自然灾害学报,2006,15(6):235-240.
[45] Jamieson P D, Porter J R, Goudriaan J, et al. A comparison of the models AFRCWHEAT2, CERES- Wheat, Sirius, SUCROS2 and SWHEAT with measurements from wheat grown under drought[J]. Field crops research,1998,55:23-44.
[46] Ewert F, Rodiriguez D, Jamieson P, et al. Effects of elevated CO2 and drought on wheat: tesing crop simulation models for different experimental and climatic conditions[J].Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2002,93:249-266.
[47] Olesen J E, Bindi M. Consequences of climate change for European agricultural productivity, land use and policy[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2002,16:239-262.
[48] Choudhury P N, Kumar V. The sensitivity of growth and yield of dwarf wheat at three growth stages[J].Irrigation Science,1980,1:223- 231.
[49] Erdem Y, Yuksel A N. Yield response of watermelon to irrigation shortage[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2003,98:365-383
[50] Li Q S, Willardson L S, Deng W. Crop water deficit estimation and irrigation scheduling in western Jilin province, Northeast China[J]. Agricultural water management,2005,71:47-60.
[51] Yasar A, Howell A T, Dusek D A. Evaluation of crop water stress index for LEPA irrigation corn[J].Irrigation Science,1999,18:171- 180.
[52] Alderfasi A A, Nielsen D C. Use of crop water stress index for monitoring water status and scheduling irrigation in wheat[J]. Agricultural water management,2001,47:69-75.
[53] Orta A H, Erdem Y, Erdem T. Crop water stress index for watermelon[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2003, 98:121-130.
[54] Panda R K, Behera S K, Kashyap P S. Effective management of irrigation water for wheat under stressed conditions[J].Agricultural water management,2003, 63:37-65.
[55] Bryant K J, Benson V W, Kiniry J R, et al. Simulating corn yield response to irrigation timings: validation of the EPIC model[J].J. Prod. Agric.,1992,5:237-242.
[56] Rinaldi M. Application of EPIC model for irrigation scheduling of sunflower in Southern Italy[J].Agricultural water management,2001, 49:185-196.
[57] Singh A K, Tripathy R,Chopra U K. Evaluation of CERES-Wheat and CropSyst models for water-nitrogen interactions in whear crop [J].Agricultural Water Management,2008,95:776-786.