Abstract: Based on a questionnaire survey in Heilongjiang and Liaoning Provinces, this paper analyzed farmers’cognition of crop insurance and their participation behavior and willingness, studied the main reasons for farmers insufficiency of effective demand for crop insurance. The results showed that, farmers’awareness of crop insurance was high, and their participating behaviors and willingness had a positive relationship with the income, and the income of the farmers is an important factor for the insufficiency of effective demand for crop insurance. According to the analysis, the paper proposed some policy suggestions, such as strengthening the promotion of crop insurance, increasing premium subsidies, perfecting policies and regulations, and standardizing the regulation of crop insurance market.