Abstract: The yield component factors mainly contain effective branch, effective pods, grain number and 100- grain weight in the broad bean. To study the relatively optimal coordination of the four factors is a hot issue. In order to choose the broad bean varieties with high quality and yield in Anhui Province, using 83 portions of autumn broad bean as the plot test materials, the author adopted variance analysis, correlation analysis and grey correlation analysis and preliminary analyzed the forming factors of broad bean production. The results indicated that effective branch and grain number had a highly positive correlation with the yield, and they were the most important determining factors, effective branch was positively correlated with effective pods and grain number. Partial correlation analysis also showed that yield had an extremely and significantly positive correlation with effective branch and grain number, and the partial correlation coefficient was 0.3152** and 0.4895**. Path- coefficient analysis revealed that the direct effect of grain number per plant was the largest. Grey correlation analysis showed that contribution of the four factors to yield from high to low was in the following sequence: grain number, effective branch, 100- grain weight, effective pods. So, the raising of the grain number should be the priority in increasing the broad bean production, and the attention should be paid to the balance among various characters.