Abstract: In order to compare environment changes of beef cattle farms in southern and northern Xinjiang in winter, environmental indices including the illumination, temperature, humidity, noise, concentrations of CO2, NH3, CH4, PM10 and TSP were measured in two typical beef cattle farms which were located in Baicheng County (BC) in southern Xinjiang and Zhaosu County (ZC) in northern Xinjiang. The indices were measured at 08:00, 12:00, 18:00 and 21:00 in 5 consecutive days. And the 24-hour change of the above indices was also measured in 3 consecutive days. Then these indices were compared between the two beef cattle farms. The results showed that the average illumination and temperature in BC farm, the average temperature and humidity in ZC farm were beyond the limit of the national standard of the Environmental Quality Standards of Livestock and Poultry Farms (NY/T 388—1999). In addition, both the average temperature and humidity in BC farm were extremely lower than that in ZC (P＜0.01). Concentration of CO2 in ZC farm was far beyond the limit of NY/T 388—1999. In addition, concentrations of CO2 and NH3 were extremely lower in BC farm than that in ZC farm (P＜0.01). The 24-hour change of the above parameters showed that the temperature in both the two farms was lower than the limit of NY/T 388—1999. The humidity in BC farm ranged from 52.7% to 86.4%, and the humidity of 12 hours in one day was over the limit of NY/T 388—1999; the humidity in ZC farm ranged from 69.4% to 97.4%, and the humidity of 18 hours in one day was over the limit of NY/T 388—1999. The concentration of CO2 in BC farm ranged from 687.6 to 1799 mg/m3 and it was over the limit of NY/T 388—1999 from 18:00 to 19:00; while the concentration of CO2 in ZC farm was between 1459.6~3392.0 mg/m3 and it was all over the limit of NY/T 388—1999 except for that at 05:00. All of the above results indicated that there were obvious differences of the environmental indices in the beef cattle farms between BC and ZC, the illumination and temperature in BC farm should be improved whereas the contradiction of increasing the temperature and decreasing the humidity and concentration of CO2 in ZC farm should be solved.