Abstract: In order to increase the yield of pepper cultivated in the mountain and farmers income by more effective climatic resources utilization , the growth stage model of a mountain pepper was constructed based on the effect of light and temperature, the correlation between the effect of the accumulated light and temperature APTE in the blossom fruit period and fruit number per plant, yield of pepper, and the correlation of the climatic characteristics of the mountainous in the southwestern Hubei has been analyzed based on the data of the cultivation experiment of different height and different time of 2009-2013 and the synchronous meteorological observation in the mountainous in the southwestern Hubei. The results showed that the length of the growth period calculating from the model was significantly longer than that of the effective accumulated temperature of the growth period; there were significant positive correlation between the fruit number per plant, the yield of pepper and the time of duration of the blossom fruit period when the temperature was over 16℃, and APTE; the duration days number of temperature ≥16℃ decreased 7.1 days/100 m in the southwestern Hubei, APTE accelerated declined in the high altitude area which altitude was over 1200 m. 800m-1200m altitudes were the optimum condition for the out-of-season pepper production in the mountain in the southwestern Hubei, the blossom fruit period could be prolonged and the yield of pepper could be increased by early blossom using protected measures in the middle height area where the altitude was over 800 m.